EXPLANATION TEXTABOUT

CONDENSATION TRAILS

By :1. Alif Dzaki (02)2. Desi Likman (12)3. Haidar Ali (16)4. Rashelia Radela (32)5. Yusuf Adi (40)

Explanation Text is a text which contains the processes associated withnatural phenomena, science, culture and others. An Explanation text isusually derived from the corresponding author questions 'why' and 'how' ofan existing phenomenon.

WHAT IS EXPLANATION

TEXT?

The Purpose of Studying Explanation Text

• To explain the processes thatoccur in the formation oractivity associated withnatural phenomena, social,science, culture, and theothers which aims to explain.

The Generic Structure of Explanation Text

1. General Statement

2. Squenced of Explanation

3. Closing

What will we learn?

1. What is Condensation Trails?

2. Condensation Trails Process

3. Condensation Trails impact

What is Condensation Trails???? …

Condensation Trails is anatural phenomenon thatoccurs when an airplane high inthe sky. Aircraft such as releasethe white beam smoke from theengine and the track or trace aline forming behind aircraft thatlooks quite beautiful on thesurface of the earth.

Many people think that thesmoke trail was deliberatelyreleased by the pilot as a certainsign. Yet the truth is that itoccurs as a common naturalphenomenon as a result ofchemical-physical processesbetween the exhaust gases outof the engine aircraft with thesurrounding air temperature.

HOW CONDENSATION TRAILS HAPPEN

????

Condensation Trails Happen…

Condensation Trails actually is acompound as a result of chemical-physical processes between theaircraft engine exhaust gases withsurrounding air to produce condensedcompounds called condensate(condensate).

So Condensation Trails is a naturalphenomenon commonly arising as aresult of aircraft exhaust gas reactionwith the surrounding air temperatureis cold. From the results of researchwe know that at an altitude of morethan 8000 meters asl (above sea level),the air temperature is very cold, canreach temperatures of -40 to -55degrees Celsius.

On the other hand we alsoknow that the aircraft engine fuelcompound Hydrocarbon which iscontaining a substance consistingof Hydrogen and Carbon. In theprocess of combustion in aircraftengines, Hydro and Carbondiscarded by the machine. Carboncombustion to create CarbonDioxide (CO2) and CarbonMonoxide (CO) smoke. WhileHydrogen (H2) reacts with oxygen(O2) which is not burned in theengines will come out as watervapor (H2O in the form of gas)

CondesationCondensation is the changing states

of matter to form denser. Examples ofcondensation are substances such asgaseous (or vapor) into liquidsubstances. Condensation occurswhen gas cools so that becomes liquid.Condensation can also occur when thegas is compressed (pressure increased)so that it becomes a liquid, or have acombination of cooling andcompression which has the condensedis called condensate (condensate).

So when the rest of the exhaustgases of combustion engines it out andreact with the surrounding airtemperature is cold, then the gas willbe condensed into condensate andeventually create a trail or white beam

which resembles an elongated Cirrusclouds are called Condensation Trails(contrails).

Condensate can be formedmicroscopic granules resembling finemist of water ice, but also can take theform of small ice crystals if thesurrounding air is very cold.

There are Contrails which soondisappeared, some are able to survivea little longer imprint in the air. Theimprint was not long survive in the airis dependent upon the temperaturedifference between the aircraft engineexhaust and the air around it, alsowind conditions. The greater thedifference in temperature and the lesswindy, the longer it Contrails survive inspace. Even in certain atmosphericconditions, Contrails can look up tomany hours.

• TYPES OF

CONDENSATION TRAILS

Exhaust Contrails

Exhaust Contrails are formed by themixing of the hot humid exhaust of theengines with cold humid surroundingair, creating long streamers of clouds.If the conditions are right then thesecan persist and spread. These are themost common type of contrailobserved.

A typical exhaust contrail. Thereare initially four, one for eachengine, and then they mixtogether.

Aerodynamic

Contrails

Aerodynamic Contrails are formedby the temporary reduction inpressure of the air moving over thesurface of the plane, or in thecenter of a wake vortex. Reducingthe pressure of the air means it canhold less water, so condensationoccurs.

An Aerodynamic contrail on a landing jet – condensation is visible above the wing surfaces, and in the center of the vortices coming from the outside ends of the deployed flaps, but nothing from the engines. This type of contrail is seen in high local humidity, as indicated here by the misty conditions.

THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BREATHING AND CONTRAILS

Although Jakon looks beautiful from the earth's surface, but based onthe results of a study showed that Jakon contribute to Global Warming(Global Warming). Dr. Ulrike Burkhardt and Dr. Bernd Karcher of theInstitute for Atmospheric Physics at the German Aerospace Center aretwo scientists who in his research using computational models to seehow far the Jakon affect the temperature of the earth.

The results of the study reported that the heat radiation generated by31 miliWatt Jakon for every square meter. However, when comparedwith the emission of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) from the aircraft to reach3% of the amount of annual emissions of all fossil fuel sources, theradiation of heat from Jakon still have smaller emissions.

SOLUTIONRecommendations were excluded from the study are in the form of thesolution is to lower the height of flying aircraft to avoid happeningJakon, and development of aircraft engine types the better so as toreduce the occurrence of Jakon which has been proven to contribute toaccelerating global warming on the earth's surface.

CONCLUSION

• Condensation trail (contrails, Condensation Trails) are imprints that makeup the cloud trail behind the aircraft that occurs as a result of thecondensation process by aircraft engine exhaust gases cool in thesurrounding air.

• Contrail commonly occurs at an altitude of 8000 meters asl (above sealevel) to the top and the air temperature is less than -40 degrees Celsius.The length of stay in the air Contrail highly dependent on thetemperature difference between the aircraft engine exhaust and the airaround it, also wind conditions. The greater the difference intemperature and the less windy, the longer it Contrail survive in space. Incertain atmospheric conditions, Contrail can even look up to many hours.

• Contrail affect temperatures on Earth that contribute to Global Warming(Global Warming). The solution to that problem, among others, bylowering the altitude flying aircraft to avoid Contrail, and developmentof aircraft engine types the better so as to reduce the occurrence ofContrail.