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• Harvard operating expenses = 44% founds of all Italian universities
• Harvard has 21,000 students 130,000 euro/student
• Typically EU: 10,000 euro/student
66 Italian universities
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Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K.; Morozov, S. V.; Jiang, D.; Zhang, Y.; Dubonos, S. V.;
Grigorieva, I. V.; Firsov, A. A. (2004). Science 306 (5696): 666–669.
M. Brune, J.M. Raimond, P. Goy, L. Davidovich and S.
Haroche, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59,
1899 (1987)
Research is risk
The real problem is to understand whom to reward today, among the large magma of good quality researchers, and how to pick those who would
become excellent tomorrow !
We conclude that scientific impact (as reflected by publications) is only weakly limited by funding. We suggest that funding strategies that target diversity,
rather than “excellence”, are likely to prove to be more productive.
Research is risk
Technological leading countries
beyond having the largest production of scientific papers and the largest number
of citations, do not specialize in few scientific domains. Rather, they diversify
as much as possible their research system