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HYDRAULICS & PNEUMATICS DICK H. PLETTENBURG Evolving Design WB3110

Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

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Page 1: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

Vermelding onderdeel organisatie

HYDRAULICS & PNEUMATICS

DICK H. PLETTENBURG

Evolving Design WB3110

Page 2: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

innovative upper extremity prostheses and orthoses

www.dipo.3me.tudelft.nl

Page 3: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

Hydraulic: etymology

• Latin hydraulicus,Greek hydraulikos, from hydraulis hydraulic organ [water organ], from hydor [water]+ aulos [pipe]

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Page 4: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

Hydraulic: definition

• 1 : operated, moved, or effected by means of water

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

Hydraulic: definition

• 2 a : of or relating to hydraulics <hydraulic engineer>b : of or relating to water or other liquid in motion <hydraulic erosion>

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

Hydraulic: definition

• 3 : operated by the resistance offered or the pressure transmitted when a quantity of liquid (as water or oil) is forced through a comparatively small orifice or through a tube <hydraulic brakes>

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

Hydraulic: definition

• 4 : hardening or setting under water <hydrauliccement>

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Page 8: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

Pneumatic: etymology

• Latin pneumaticus, Greek pneumatikos, from pneumat-, pneuma air, breath, spirit, from pnein to breathe

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

Pneumatic: definition

• 1 : of, relating to, or using gas (as air or wind): a :moved or worked by air pressure b (1) : adapted for holding or inflated with compressed air (2) : having air-filled cavities

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

• 2 : of or relating to the pneuma : SPIRITUAL

Pneumatic: definition

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

• 3 : having a well-proportioned feminine figure; especially : having a full bust

Pneumatic: definition

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

Hydraulics

PneumaticsFluid Power

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

Basic Principles

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

G

LSfreezing

melting

subl

imat

ion

depo

sitio

n

evaporation

condensation

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburgwww.grc.nasa.gov

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

Blaise Pascal, 1623 - 1662

en.wikipedia.org

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

Pascal’s Law:

“a change in the pressure of an enclosed incompressible fluid is conveyed undiminished to every part of the fluid and to the surfaces of its container”

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburgen.wikipedia.org

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

SI unit of pressure or stress:

1 Pa = 1 N / m2

100 kPa 1 bar

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburgen.wikipedia.org

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

n.wikipedia.org

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburgen.wikipedia.org

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburgwww.grc.nasa.gov

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburgwww.grc.nasa.gov

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburgwww.grc.nasa.gov

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgSimona - TUDelft

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgTUDelft – www.ampelmann.nl

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburgwww.festo.com

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

Advantages of hydraulics

Fluid does not absorb any of the supplied energy.

The hydraulic working fluid is basically incompressible, leading to a minimum of spring action. When hydraulic fluid flow is stopped, the slightest motion of the load releases the pressure on the load; there is no need to "bleed off" pressurised air to release the pressure on the load.

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

Advantages of pneumatics

CleanAir is used by a machine & is then exhausted to the atmosphere - no

return line necessary. Any leaks will be of air (which is much less of a problem than oil leaks

in Hydraulics). Availability

Air is freely available in the pneumatics Most factories are pre-plumbed for compressed air distribution -

which makes it very easy to set up a manufacturing process Simplicity of Design And Control

Machines are easily designed using standard cylinders & other components. Control is as easy as its simple ON - OFF type control

Page 31: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

Advantages of pneumatics (cont.)

ReliabilityPneumatic systems tend to have long operating lives and require very

little maintenance. Because air is compressable, the equipment is less likely to be

damaged by shock. The air in pneumatics absorbs excessive force, whereas the fluid of hydraulics directly transfers force.

StorageCompressed Air can be stored, allowing the use of machines when

electrical power is lost. Safety

Very small fire hazard (compared to Hydraulic Oil) Machines can be designed to be overload safe.

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

THE AMAZING WORLDOF

PNEUMATICS

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

Ctesibius (Κτησίβιος) [285 – 222 bc]

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg280 – 220 BC

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg10 – 70 AD

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

Hero van Alexandrië

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

Hero van Alexandrië

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

• aërofonen

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

William Murdoch, 1754 - 1839

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

William Murdoch:

Engineer at Boulton & Watt

Inventor of

• gas lightning

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

William Murdoch:

Engineer at Boulton & Watt

Inventor of

• gas lightning

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

William Murdoch:

Engineer at Boulton & Watt

Inventor of

• gas lightning

• sun and planet gear

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

William Murdoch:

Engineer at Boulton & Watt

Inventor of

• gas lightning

• sun and planet gear

• steam carriage

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

William Murdoch:

Engineer at Boulton & Watt

Inventor of

• gas lightning

• sun and planet gear

• steam carriage

• pneumatic tube message system

• and many more

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburghttp://www.dself.dsl.pipex.com

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

The Central Telegraph Office of the GPO in London, Oct 1932

http://www.dself.dsl.pipex.com

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburghttp://www.trasa.ctrnactka.net/pod_doc/ppp.htm

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburghttp://www.cix.co.uk/~mhayhurst/jdhayhurst/pneumatic/book1.html

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburghttp://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohrpost

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

1890 1900 200019501910 1920 1930 1940 1960 1970 1980 1990

Parijs: pneumatic tubesfor stores and banks

NS: pneumaticrelease of brakes

1940-1945: development forthe war industry

1965:large scale application of pneumatics. Industrial automization; tools; packaging food, etc.

Pneumatics – time line

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburgen.wikipedia.org

± 1900

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

1932

www.theaircar.com

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

Fill pressure: 30 MPa

Tank capacity: 0.3 m3

Range: 300km

Max speed: 110 km/h

www.zevcat.com

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburgwww.missouri-on-tour.nl www.floor-bv.nl

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburgwww.vt-totaal.nl [Wabco]

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg‘Faszination Pneumatik’ ISBN 3-8023-1886-2

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgPistecky, 1976

OR-gate AND-gate

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgPistecky, 1976

YES-gate

Page 65: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgPistecky, 1976

NOT-gate

Page 66: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

©2010 Dick H. Plettenburgwww.festo.com

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

PNEUMATICALLY POWEREDPROSTHESES

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgDalish, 1877

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgDalish, 1877

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgDahlheim, 1915

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgAnonymous, 1919

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgForcher, 1920

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgCool & Hooreweder, 1971

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgCool & Hooreweder, 1971

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

‘Inventions in the field of orthopaedic technology are the proof of a missing reading list’

Prof. G.G. Kuhn, University of Münster, Germany

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgHäfner, 1948 [Löffler, 1984]

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgLucaccini, 1966

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgLucaccini, 1966

Page 79: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgLucaccini, 1966

Page 80: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgLucaccini, 1966

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgOtto Bock Healthcare GmbH

Page 82: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgAIPR, 1961 - 1969

Page 83: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgAIPR, 1961 - 1969

Page 84: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgAIPR, 1961 - 1969

Page 85: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgAIPR, 1961 - 1969

Page 86: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgAIPR, 1961 - 1969

Page 87: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgSteeper, 1963

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgBaumgartner, 1977

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgBaumgartner, 1977

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgKenworthy, 1974

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgMcWilliam et.al., 1970

Page 92: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgMcWilliam et.al., 1970

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgBousso, 1969

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgBousso, 1969

Page 95: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgL.E. Carlson, 1971

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgSchultz et.al., 2001

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgSchultz et.al., 2001

Page 99: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgForschungszentrum, Karlsruhe

Page 100: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgPlettenburg, 2002

Page 101: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgVanderbilt University, USA

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgFoto: Alex Ridder

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

McKIBBEN-MUSCLE

Carlson, 1971

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgShadow, UK

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgShadow, UK

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburgwww.festo.com

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©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgDBL, Netherlands

Page 108: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgDBL, Netherlands

Page 109: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

©2010 Dick H. PlettenburgVanderbilt University, USA

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburgwww.festo.com

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburgwww.geocities.com\yoramretter

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburgwww.zippy-online.co.uk

Page 113: Evolving Design - Lecture7. Hydraulics & pneumatics

©2010 Dick H. Plettenburghome.people.net.au/~aircommand/

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburghome.people.net.au/~aircommand/

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©2010 Dick H. Plettenburg

THE AMAZING WORLDOF

PNEUMATICS