Estimating Highway Pavement Damage Costs Attributed to Truck Traffic

Estimating Highway Pavement Damage Costs Attributed to

Truck Traffic

Yong Bai, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE

Associate ProfessorDept. of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering

The University of Kansas

Disclaimer The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the information presented

herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation

University Transportation Centers Program, in the interest of information exchange. The U.S.

Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof.

Objectives

• Determine truck vehicle miles traveled (VMT) associated with processed beef and related industries in southwest Kansas.

• Understand the models used to estimate the pavement damage costs.

• Understand the limitations of current models used to estimate the pavement damage costs.

Introduction

• Kansas is one of the leaders in meat production in the United States.

• Traditionally, processed meat, meat byproducts, grain, and other related products are transported primarily using heavy trucks.

• The industries will continue to grow and there will be more trucks on highways transporting meat and meat-related products.

Project Goal

• To estimate the pavement damage cost attributed to the truck traffic associated with the processed meat and related industries in southwest Kansas.

Project Scope

• US Highway 50/400 between Garden City and Dodge City in Kansas (41.13 miles)

• 24 counties in southwest Kansas

Benefits

• Select cost-effective transportation modes for the meat processing and related industries

• Assess highway maintenance needs and set up maintenance priorities

• Determine reasonable user costs

Data Collection

• Truck Characteristics and Type

• Pavement Characteristics Data

• Pavement Maintenance Cost Data

Truck Characteristics & Type

• Gross vehicle weight (GVW)

• Selected truck type and axle configuration

Pavement Data

• Pavement type, length, and structure

• Structural number for flexible pavement (SN) or thickness for rigid pavement (d)

• Initial present serviceability rating (PSRI)

Pavement Data

• Terminal present serviceability rating (PSRT)

• Pavement maximum feasible life in years (L)

• Typical pavement performance (t)

Pavement DataNo. Beginning Point Ending Point Length Type

PS 1 1.4km E Garden City ECoL Finney 10.13 miles Flexible

PS 2 WCoL Gray WCL Cimarron 18.14 miles Flexible

PS 3 ECL Cimarron ECoL Gray 4.29 miles Flexible

PS 4 WCoL Ford Jct. US-50/US-400 8.57 miles Composite

Pavement Maintenance Data

Pave. Seg.No.

Maintenance Cost Data

Year Project Total Cost

PS 1 2005 K-6374-01 $15,908,221

PS 2 1985 K-1764-01 $3,074,770

1997 K-6190-01 $999,522

2004 K-9324-01 $1,653,059

PS 3 1992 K-4038-01 $1,685,548

2001 K-8146-01 $746,771

PS 4 1981 K-1228-01 $3,595,654

1989 K-3643-01 $272,433

1992 K-4039-01 $627,261

1992 K-4609-01 $448,390

2001 K-8145-01 $220,173

2003 K-8145-02 $1,730,826

Maintenance Cost in 2007 Dollar Value

Pavement Segment Maintenance Costs

No. Descriptions Year Project Previous Dollar *2007 Dollar

PS 1US-50 Finney Co. East of Garden City to the ECL (10.13 miles)

2005 K-6374-01 $15,908,221 $16,887,032

PS 2US-50 Gary County from the WCL to Cimarron (18.14 miles)

1985 K-1764-01 $3,074,770 $5,891,577

1997 K-6190-01 $999,522 $1,343,274

2004 K-9324-01 $1,653,059 $1,806,342

PS 3US-50 in Gray Co. from Cimarron to the ECL (4.29 miles)

1992 K-4038-01 $1,685,548 $2,626,029

2001 K-8146-01 $746,771 $891,684

PS 4US-50 in Ford Co. from the WCL east to US-400 (8.57 miles)

1981 K-1228-01 $3,595,654 $7,754,356

1989 K-3643-01 $272,433 $463,799

1992 K-4039-01 $627,261 $977,252

1992 K-4609-01 $448,390 $698,577

2001 K-8145-01 $220,173 $262,898

2003 K-8145-02 $1,730,826 $1,948,060

* Interest Rate r = 3%

Caitlin Leibman

I capitalized all nouns and added "value" to clarify that you mean the value of the dollar in 2007.

Truck VMT Associated with Processed Truck VMT Associated with Processed Meat & Related IndustriesMeat & Related Industries

Feed Grain

Feeder Cattle

Feed Yards

Meat Processing Plants

Byproducts to U.S. Final Destinations

Meat to U.S. Customers

Meat to Export Customers


Truck VMT Associated with Processed Meat & Related Industries

• Travel path estimation assumptionsA county centroid

oAggregation of the feed yardsoMust be located on a highway

TransCAD travel path analysisoLeast distance and cost criteriaoGiving priority to the state highway

system which provides better serviceability


Centroids and major highways in 24 counties


Pavement Segment No.

Total AnnualTruckloads

Total Daily Truckloads

Total Annual Truck VMTs

Total Daily Truck VMTs

PS 1 111,078 304 1,125,220 3,083

PS 2 111,078 304 2,014,954 5,520

PS 3 112,954 309 484,564 1,328

PS 4 112,954 309 968,012 2,652

Highway Damage Cost Analysis


$60,000

$65,000

$70,000

$75,000

$80,000

$85,000

$90,000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Year

Pav

emen

t Dam

age

Cos

ts10% Industry Growth 20% Industry Growth

Projected Annual Pavement Damage Costs Associated with Processed Meat and Related Industries on the Studied Highway Section (41.13 miles)Studied Highway Section (41.13 miles)


Projected Annual Pavement Damage Costs Associated with Processed Meat and Related Industries on the Major Highways (1,835 miles) in southwest Kansas Major Highways (1,835 miles) in southwest Kansas

$3,000,000

$3,200,000

$3,400,000

$3,600,000

$3,800,000

$4,000,000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Year

High

way

Dam

age

Cost

s

10% Industry Growth 20% Industry Growth

Conclusions

• For the studied highway section (41.13 miles), the total annual highway damage cost associated with processed meat industries was estimated at $71,019, or $1,727 per mile.

• The annual damage cost per truck per mile was approximately $0.02.

Conclusions

• If the same truck traffic presented on all major highways in southwest Kansas (approximately 1,835 miles), the total annual damage costs attributed to processed meat and related industries would be $3,169,045.

Limitations

• Truck traffic may be underestimated• Truck travel routes may not be accurate• Inflation adjustment for pavement

maintenance costs may be lower than actual numbers

Acknowledgement

• Support for this research was provided by a grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation University Transportation Centers Program to the Mid-America Transportation Center at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. This project was also funded in part by Kansas Department of Transportation.

Slide design © 2009, Mid-America Transportation Center. All rights reserved.

Yong BaiSteven Schrock

Thomas MulinazziWenhua HouChunxiao LiuUmar Firman

Project Team Members

Education

Estimating Highway Pavement Damage Costs Attributed to Truck Traffic