GRAMMAR BOOK 2ND SEMESTEREmilia Snook

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Imperfect2. Preterite3. Car/Gar/Zar4. Speak5. Cucaracha6. Snake7. Modal8. Adv9. Progressive – pres/past10. Future11. Irregular Future12. Superlatives13. Formal Commands

IMPERFECT VERB TENSE

HABLAR Yo hablaba Tú hablabas Él/Ella/Ud.

hablaba Nosotros

hablábamos Vosotros

hablabais Ellos/Ellas/

UdsHablaban

COMER Yo comía Tú comías Él/Ella/Ud.

comÍa Nosotros

comíamos Vosotros

comíais Ellos/Ellas/

Udscomían

ESCRIBIR Yo escribía Tú escribías Él/Ella/Ud.

escribía Nosotros

escribíamos Vosotros

escribíais Ellos/Ellas/

Udsescribían

PRETERITE

used to describe past actions that have been completed

É

Aste

Ó

Amos

Aron

AR

Í

Iste

IÓ

Imos

Ieron

ER/IR

EL PRETERITO: -CAR, -GAR, -ZAR

toCAR•Toque•Tocaste•Toco•Tocamos•Tocaron

juGAR•Juque•Jugaste•Jugo•Jugamos•Jugaron

comenZAR•Comence•Comenzaste•Comenzo•Comenzamos•Comenzaron

SPOK VERBS

Dar/VerIr/Ser

Hacerd/v id/v isted/v iod/v imosd/v ieron

CUCARACHA VERBS

AndarEstarPoderPonerQuererSaberTenerVenir

DecirTraerConducirProducirTraducir

AduvEstuvPudPusQuisSupTuvVin

DijTrajCondujProdujTraduj

-e

-iste

-o

-imos

-isteis

-ieron

Drop -i

SNAKEY SNAKEY VERBS

SNAKEStem Changers: DormirDormíDormisteDurmióDormimosDumieron

To write the third person (singular or plural), preterite form of –er and –ir verbs with stems that end in a vowel, change the I to y.

SNAKEYY Changers: LeerLeíLeisteLeyóLeimosLeyeron

MODAL VERBS

1. Ir + a + infinitive2. Poder + infinitive3. Querer + infinitive4. Deber + infinitive5. Tener que +

infinitive6. Soler + infinitive7. Necesitar +

infinitive

8. Going to do something

9. Are able to do something

10. Want to do something

11. Should do something

12. To have to do something

13. To be accustomed to14. To need to do

something

ADVERBS Most Spanish adverbs are formed by adding -mente to the

feminine singular form of the adjective. This ending corresponds to -ly in English.Adjective

•Claro•Constante

Adverb•Claramente•Constantemente

NOTE: when two adverbs modify the same verb, only 2nd uses –mente ending.

Ex. Voy al supermercado rápida y fácilmente.

Irregular Adverbs

•Much•Muy•Mal•Bastante•Bien•Ya•Tan•Demasiado•Nunca•Poco•Peor•Siempre

Translation•Much•Very•Bad•Quite/enough•Good •Already•So•Too•Never•Little•Worse•Always

PROGRESSIVE TENSE

Estar + -ando -

iendo -

yendo

Formed by combining estar with the present participle

Past participle is an ongoing action. Use imperfect tense.

FUTURE TENSE

Infinitive + Preterite Ending

Irregulars

IRREGULARS IN THE FUTURE TENSE

decir dir- to say

haber habr- there to be [impersonal]; to have [helping verb]

hacer har- to make, do

poder podr- to be able

poner pondr- to put, place, set

querer querr- to want, love

saber sabr- to know [a fact], know how [+ infinitive]

salir saldr- to leave, go out

tener tendr- to have

valer valdr- to be worth

venir vendr- to come

CONDITIONAL Use when saying: would, could, must have, or

probably

Infinitive

+ÍaÍasÍaÍamosÍan