Introduction

General System

Existing System

Proposed System

Stepper Motor And Driver Theory

Advantages and Disadvantages

General system

Existing system

Proposed system

A non-pressurized cooling system was

developed for cooling the panels with least

amount of water and energy.

It is possible to cool and clean the PV panels

using the proposed cooling system in hot and

dusty regions.

The basic idea of a Solar cell is to convert light

energy into electrical energy.

Electrical energy is stored in electromagnetic

fields which in turn can make a current of

electrons flow

Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight directly to

electricity.

major defect of low efficiency.

best achieved sunlight conversion rate

Solar module efficiency is around 17.4%

power drop as the silicon temperature increases due

to the characteristics of the crystalline silicon used in

a solar cell.

The model performance was then conceptually

evaluated and experimentally verified

Works well under diffused sunlight, less sensitive

to angle of incidence.

Can be made fully transparent, can have a lot of

aesthetic applications.

Bifacial, absorbs light from both faces, can be inverted.

Manufacturing costs much cheaper than the

commercially available PV silicon cells.

Also works at high temperature, owing to the thin

conducting film that radiates internal heat.

SUNPHOTOVOLTAIC

CELLCONTROLLERS OUTPUT

SOLAR TRACKING

UNIT

OPTICAL

FILTERS

COOLING UNIT

A controller circuit which consistof mainly

three components.

Solar tracking unit

Cooling unit

Optical fillers

A solar tracking unit which tracks the Sun

hardware implementation of Solar tracking system

Solar panel in a fixed orientation will lose 75% of the energy in the morning and evening

rotating the panels to east and west can help recapture these losses

This solar tracking unit has a LDR circuit

fitted on the panel

mechanical setup will move the panel in such a direction to provide better solar isolation

device which has resistance which varies according to the amount of light falling on its surface

It is made using Semiconductor cadmium sulphide(CdS)

A light dependent resistor work on the principle of photo conductivity

PIC 16F877 uses 14 bits for instructions which allows for all instructions to be one word instructions

It is also typical for Harvard architecture to have fewer instructions

is the cooling unit for the solar panel; this unit

consists of LM 35

temperature sensor interfaced with PIC and place

over the panel

This water not only cools the panel but also

cleans it

After cooling the panel again the temperature is

sensed and the cycle is repeated

Operating and maintenance costs is low

PV cells produce no noise at all

do not pollute the environment

easy to install on rooftops or on the ground

without any interference

required additional equipment (inverter) to

convert DC-AC

equired batteries for storage purpose

Initial cost is high

Solar energy has intermittency issues

Depended upon weather

The objective of this Study is to enhance the

efficiency of Photovoltaic panel

A low cost solar tracking have also been

incorporated to maintain better solar

insolation

It is possible to cool and clean the PV panels

using the proposed cooling system

(1). Martin P. Bates, 'Interfacing PIC

Microcontrollers- Embedded Design by

Interactive Simulation', Elsevier, 2006.

(2). Moharram.K.A., M.S. Abd-Elhady,

H.A.Kandil , H.El-Sherif (2013) “Enhancing

(3). Rustemli.S, Dincer.F. (2011) "Modelling of

Photovoltaic Panel and Examining