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A. Affixations
Ade Sudirman, S.Pd.
An affix is abound morpheme which can
only occur if attached to word or a stem.
Affixes may be derivational or inflectional
(Trask 1993).
Introduction
It is an affix which precedes the root, stem or base to which it is bound, such as English derivational affixes re- and un- . The example of prefixes are as follows:
re, un, dis, pre, post, a, aero, anti, auto, mis, tele.
Rebound, unhappy, disloyal, pretest, post-war, amoral, anticlimax, autobiography, misplace,
telephone.
A.1. Prefix
An infix is affix which occupies a position in which it interrupts another single morpheme.As English does not have any affixes, it is better to look at Indonesian, Sundanese and Javanese.Exp:Kilau = k-em-ilau;Pasar = p-al-asar;Galak = g-u-alak.
A. 2. Infixes
A suffix is a bound morpheme which
follows the root in the form containing it.
-er, -ess, -or, -ee, -ese, - ic, - cide.
Keeper, goddess, corruptor, escapee, Chinese, heroic, suicide.
A. 3. Suffix
A circumfix is an affix which is
realized as a combination of a prefix and a suffix.
Indonesian has a variety of circumfixes, and English does not.
A. 4. Circumfix
B. Compounds
English Morphology
A compound is a word formed by
combining two or more words together to make a new meaning (Gatherer, 1986)
A compound can be solid (consisting of one word), hyphenated (a hyphen
between the words) and open (two words stand alone).
Definition
a. Solid compounds consist of double nouns:Air+plane = airplane;Bed+cloth = bedcloth.
b. Solid compounds consist of an adjective and a noun:Black+list = blacklist.
c. Solid compounds consist of a noun and an adjective:Road+worthy = roadworthy.
B. 1. Solid Compounds
d. Solid Compounds consist of preposition and a noun:Over+night = overnight.e. Solid Compounds consist of a verb and a preposition:Feed+back = feedback.f. Solid Compounds consist of a noun and a verb:Brain + wash = brainwash.g. Solid Compounds consist of a verb and a noun:Play+mate = playmate.
B. 1. Solid Compounds (cont...)
h. Solid Compounds consist of an adjective and a verb:High+flow = highflow.i. Solid Compounds consist of an adverb and a verb:In+put = input.j. Solid Compounds consist of an adverb and an adjective:Ever+green = evergreen.
B. 1. Solid Compounds (cont...)
Hyphenated compounds consist of double nouns:Ball-point.Hyphenated compounds consist of adj and N:Soft-lenses.Hyphenated compounds consist of prep and N:Off-road.Hyphenated compounds consist of V and prep:Check-out.Hyphenated compounds consist of N and V:Man-made.
B.2. Hyphenated Compounds
Hyphenated compounds consist of adj and V:Short-cut.Hyphenated compounds consist of prep and V:Out-put.Hyphenated compounds consist of N and prep:Knock-out.Hyphenated compounds consist of pronoun and N:He-man.
B.2. Hyphenated Compounds (cont...)
a. Open compounds consist of double nouns:Credit card.
b. Open compounds consist of adj and V:Deep freeze.
B.3. Open Compounds
C. Clippings
English Morphology
Clippings are new words formed by omitting part of a word. The omission is normally at the end of a word or at the beginning.C.1. Clippings with the omission at the end of a word:Photograph = photoC.2. Clippings with the omission at the beginning of a word:Telephone = phone.
Definition
D. Abbrevations
English Morphology
An abrevation can be described as a reduced version of a word, phrase or sentence. It falls into blend and acronym.
D.1. BlendA blend is aword composed of other words combined to form a new word.Exp: breakfast + lunch = brunch.D.2. Acronym An acronym is made up of some or all of the initial letters of an organization, institution, political party, etc.Exp: FBI, ILO, B.A.
Definition
E. Back-formations
English Morphology
Fromkin et al (1984) state that new words may be formed from already existing words by substracting an affix thought to be part of the old one.
Exp: hawker = hawkPeddler = peddle
Definition
The endThank you