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Technology Integration as a Transforming Teaching Strategy in English Education: Addressing Pressures Toward Global RelevanceMaria Minerva P. Calimag, MD, PhDProfessorETEACH UST Faculty of Medicine and Surgery
ETEACH stands for…
• Educational Technology E-learning Applications Coach
Our Students
• Digital natives• Web savvy• Unwired and Mobile• Social networkers• Multitaskers• Learn by doing
Hello, Mom this has been going on for a while. They are coming to class, but they are checking their e-mail and are text-messaging. They are listening to their iPods, whispering to their cell phones, and I guess, listening to the lecture…”
Low, Mom dis hs bin gng n 4 a wyl. Dey r cmng 2 klas, bt dey r chckng der e-ml & r txtng. Dey r lstnng 2 der iPds, wsprng 2 der cll, & I ges, lstng 2 d lctr…”
I am communicating with others
Collaboration – Is the Key….
“Any teacher who can be replaced by technology deserves to be.”
- David Thornburg
Questions?
• What is technology integration? • Why should teachers integrate
technology in the classroom? • What effective strategies exist to
encourage higher levels of teacher technology integration?
• How can these strategies be used?
Technology Integration
• Technology integration means viewing technology as an instructional tool for delivering subject matter in the curriculum already in place.
Technology Integration
• These teaching strategies enhance learning, thus enabling students to construct their own learning using computer technology as an instructional tool
Technology Integration
• Technology integration is the first level towards transforming teaching and learning.
• Understanding the possibilities in the classroom can give researchers, teacher educators, and professional development facilitators more knowledge to move teachers in this direction.
Teachers with more than 9 years experience are less
likely to use technology with their lessons!
Technology Integration
• Less than 20% of American teachers feel adequately equipped with the skills necessary to integrate technology into their classrooms
(Woodbridge, 2004)
Technology Integration
•Therefore, although technology offers the potential to enhance and improve the students' learning experience, there is a lack of consensus on how to combine computers with other learning tools. •This absence of agreement causes too many teachers to be casual or even non-users of computers.
Technology Integration
•Educational reform efforts should not only focus on acquiring more machines for classrooms but also on developing teaching strategies that complement technology use within the curriculum.
(Pierson 2001)
Technology Integration
•There is a strong relationship between integrating technology in the classroom and having a philosophy that leaned towards using constructivist teaching strategies.
Technology Integration
AContent
Knowledge
BPedagogica
lKnowledge
CTechnologi
calKnowledge
Student Constructio
n of Knowledge
Pierson's model of technology integration
(Pierson, 1999)
Technology Integration
Successful Integration of Information Technology Outcomes
3) Establish constructive learning environme
nts
1) Use software to create, manipulat
e and enhance student learning
Johnson and Liu's model of technology integration
(Johnson and Liu, 2000)
2) Use problem-
based assignment
s
Technology Integration
ContentContent SkillsSkills
CompetenciesCompetencies
EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING
Tweed and Donen (1994)
Technology Integration
organization of conceptual schema in the brain
Technology Integration
"making meaningful connections between topics or skills that are usually addressed in different subject areas"
(Drake, 2000)
Technology Integration
“. . . refers to a way of teaching, planning and organizing . . . so the discrete disciplines of subject matter are interrelated . . . to match the developmental needs of the learners. . . and help to meaningfully connect the learners' learning to their current and past experiences"
Roberts & Kellough (2000)
Technology Integration
“. . . (it) is based on a holistic view of learning and recognizes the necessity for learners to see the big picture . . . ignores traditional subject lines while exploring questions that are most relevant to students. . . because it focuses on helping learners use their minds as well"
Brazee & Capelluti (1995)
Highly integrative projects should allow the learners to
make links among a number of content areas, as well as to
develop thinking and creativity skills.
Using technology in any other way is not true integration.Using technology in any other way is not true integration.
Technology integration is where you use technology to do
something that could NOT be readily done with something
else.
Using technology in any other way is not true integration.Using technology in any other way is not true integration.
Learning technology skills and content at the same time
encourages fascination and student curiosity. Technology can
expand or extend a teacher's time after the teacher gets over the
hump of learning it.
Using technology in any other way is not true integration.Using technology in any other way is not true integration.
The function of ICT is NOT primarily to promote computer literacy
because ‘the technology is available’, or because technology
is the ‘wave of the future’, or because ‘that’s where we’re all
headed’.
Using technology in any other way is not true integration.Using technology in any other way is not true integration.
Teachers should not use technology just for technology's sake. Instruction
should reflect research-based teaching strategies that are considered best
teaching practices.
Using technology in any other way is not true integration.Using technology in any other way is not true integration.
Technology should be integrated, engaging, and encourage student exploration to learn independently.
Using technology in any other way is not true integration.Using technology in any other way is not true integration.
Technology integration may vary according to individual teaching beliefs,
perceptions towards technology innovations, and how the teacher
practiced and put technology to work in the classroom.
Using technology in any other way is not true integration.Using technology in any other way is not true integration.
The goal of teaching strategies should be active, authentic,
constructive, cooperative, and intentional/reflective learning
Using technology in any other way is not true integration.Using technology in any other way is not true integration.
ICT Integration in English Education
• ICT integration in English Education • trainor-developed interactive teaching materials
and examinations utilizing the internet, • searching the best research evidence through
the internet, • using PDA for reference, • management of information through database, • Teleconferencing and videoconferencing, • the use of simulations and • the use of the internet or intranet for
administrative purposes
Gap AnalysisThe Inspiration for Curriculum Redesign
Gap analysis between teaching practices worldwide and our current practice here in the Philippines
1) wide discrepancy in the knowledge of computers and computer applications between the trainors and the trainees;
2) limited application of research initiatives
Gap AnalysisThe Inspiration for Curriculum Redesign
Gap analysis between teaching practices worldwide and our current practice here in the Philippines
3) limited efforts in the professional development of trainors;
4) limited access to MS/PhD programs, particularly in the information technology tracks;
5) resistance to curricular change brought about by lack of research in the current trends in andragogy and English education.
What types of technology can we use in class?
Teaching with Multiliteracies
• Technologies to use in the classroom• Learning management system
• Blackboard• Moodle• Google for Educators
Teaching with Multiliteracies
• Technologies to use in the classroom• Online databases
• e-Books• e-Dictionaries
• Online communication sites• Yahoogroups• Skype• Twitter
• Twitter Professional Learning Network (PLN)
Teaching with Multiliteracies
• Technologies to use in the classroom• Social networking sites
• Wikis• Blogs• Discussion Boards
• Multiply
Teaching with Multiliteracies
• Technologies to use in the classroom• Online Video sites
• YouTube• Word management software
• Word• Note• Whiteboards
Teaching with Multiliteracies
• Barriers to teaching with multiliteracies• Students lack the necessary skills• Technologies are not available• Not enough time• Teachers lack the skills
“Everybody is talking about technology integration, but few practicing teachers
profess to know exactly how to proceed. The fact is that real
integration requires change. . . .”
(Johnson & Liu, 2000)
“However, what seems to be lacking is a model that teachers can use to guide them through the necessary changes
they will need to make to be successful in integrating new technology into their
classroom.”
(Johnson & Liu, 2000)
DIMENSIONS: e-MPOWERING e-NSURING e-NABLING e-NDURING
MANSocial
Perspective
METHODSPolitical Perspectives
MACHINETechnologicalPerspective
MONEYEconomic
Perspective
Access to Course Materials controlled by the Anesthesia trainors’ and trainees technological capabilities and individual mentoring/learning styles
Professional authorityTransformational Leadership
Access to the Distance Education Program controlled through the Anesthesiology Society
Organizational authorityShared Visioning and Team Learning
Access to technologies controlled by the telecommunications network
Technological authorityIntegrative, Critical and
Systems Thinking
Access to funds and resources controlled by funding agencies
Institutional authorityAdministrative Efficiency
Access to Course Materials controlled by the Anesthesia trainors’ and trainees technological capabilities and individual mentoring/ learning styles
Deprofessionalized authority Individualism
Access to the Distance Education Program controlled by trainees’ membership in the Anesthesiology Society
Organizational disenfranchisement
Myopic visioning
Access to technologies controlled by trainees’ geographical situations and availability of network facilities
Technological inaccessibilityUnsystematic thinking
Access to funds controlled by trainees’ ability to compete for limited resources
Institutional decentralizationInequitable distribution
Dri
vin
g fo
rces
Res
trai
nin
g f
orce
s
CU
RR
ICU
LU
M R
ED
ES
IGN
IN
A
TE
CH
NO
LO
GY
-EN
AB
LE
D
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NT
Meta ScenarioTechnology-enabled Education
(Calimag, 2007)
Evaluation of the development initiative to ensure sustainability is based on the following performance objectives:
1) e-MPOWERING trainors’ and trainees’ through capacity building in the “soft skills”;
2) e-NSURING system responsiveness through organizational authority, shared visioning and team learning toward the provision of quality English education and training through ICT integration;
Model for SustainabilityTechnology-enabled Education
(Calimag, 2007)
Evaluation of the development initiative to ensure sustainability is based on the following performance objectives:
3) e-NABLING universal accessibility
guaranteed by the use of e-Learning Management System; and
4) e-NDURING through efficient and equitable distribution and control of financial resources.
Model for SustainabilityTechnology-enabled Education
(Calimag, 2007)
Snapshots of Technology Integration
7 ways to Increase Teacher Technology Integration in the Classroom
1. Create a clear vision of what an ideal classroom with integrated technology looks like.
The Building Blocks
7 ways to Increase Teacher Technology Integration in the Classroom
2. Build an on-campus professional learning network.
The Building Blocks
The Building Blocks
The Building Blocks
The Building Blocks
The Building Blocks
The Building Blocks
The Building Blocks
The Building Blocks
The Building Blocks
7 ways to Increase Teacher Technology Integration in the Classroom
3. Build an online professional learning network.
The Personalized Web
7 ways to Increase Teacher Technology Integration in the Classroom
4. Invest in yourself. Read, read, and read!
7 ways to Increase Teacher Technology Integration in the Classroom
5. Expand your learning network to the classroom. Harness your students’ creativity and ingenuity. Allow them to be your technology tutors by encouraging them to share their tips and tricks.
Learning is a two-way street
7 ways to Increase Teacher Technology Integration in the Classroom
6. Publish, publicize, and advertise your students’ technology-related work. Create a classroom website or a wiki-space to share ideas, tutorials, and class projects. Share the links with parents, administration, faculty, and local community.
7 ways to Increase Teacher Technology Integration in the Classroom
7. Develop a reflective practice with your integration of technology in the classroom. Keep a small notebook to jot down initial thoughts and impressions of particular tools or certain issues.
Thank you!