Contact with Europeans

England
Parliament and Civil War

or "Jack"

England

Scotland

N. Ireland

Wales

Union Flag

The War of the Roses

In 1485, Lancastrian Henry Tudor, defeats the Yorks at the Battle of Bosworth Field, later Henry marries Elizabeth of YorkLancaster1455-1485

YorkRed

White

HouseofTudor

King Henry VII of the House of TudorThe Tudor Rose

The House of Tudor

Henry VII1485-1509Henry VIII1509-47Edward VI1547-53Mary I1553-58Elizabeth I1558-1603

The House of Tudor

Henry VII1485-1509Henry VIII1509-47Edward VI1547-53Mary I1553-58Elizabeth I1558-1603

Elizabeth I

Greatly loved and successful

ruled 1558-1603

Unified and brought peace after her sister, Bloody Mary

Brought her kingdom through threats from Spain, France, and Scotland

Died with no direct heir

James I

King of Scotland (since 1567), became King of England when Elizabeth died in 1603

lived 1566-1625

First Monarch to combine the crown of Scotland, England, & Ireland

Thought of himself as a divine absolute King, ignoring Parliament

Jamestown & King James Bible

Charles I

Like Dad, he believed in divine right & absolute power

ruled 1625-1649

In 1628, in need of $, he was forced to open Parliament, when he did, they made him sign the

1640, he needs them again -

"Petition of Rights"

The Long Parliament

The English Civil War

The Long Parliament moves to reduce the power of the king

1642-1649

In 1642, Charles sends his troop into the house of Commons to arrest its leaders

Parliament forces are known as

Roundheads

The kings supporters are known as

Cavaliers

The English Civil War

The Long Parliament moves to reduce the power of the king

1642-1649

In 1642, Charles sends his troop into the house of Commons to arrest its leaders

Parliament forces are known as

Roundheads

The kings supporters are known as

Cavaliers

The English Civil War

The Cavaliers have early advantage due to better discipline

1642-1649

With the rise of Oliver Cromwell and his New Model Army, the Roundheads gain control of England by 1646

King Charles I is executed in 1649

Oliver Cromwell

After the war, England is declared a Republic, and O.C. is named -

1599-1658

O.C. runs the nation under a very strict Puritan rule

O.C. persecutes Ireland & Scotland

Lord Protector

O.C. dies in 1658, powerful but not popular

The Restoration

Upon Cromwells death, and after years of Puritan rule, the population had enough

1660

King Charles son is invited back and crowned

Cromwells body is dug up and executed

Charles II

Charles is allowed to rule as a weak

Constitutional Monarch

The Glorious Revolution

1685, Charles II dies, his Catholic brother James II becomes King

1688

When James had a son, the idea of another Catholic monarch was too much for protestants

James Protestant daughter Mary and her husband are invited to rule

James flees, no blood is shed

William & Mary