Requirements

• Simple – understandable for a non-technical person

• Logical- tells a story how approached

• Argument is solid

• Sufficient background material available

• Specific questions on report

• All assumptions have been discussed and results compared

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Presented by

Eshan Ahuja

Introduction

The Project

Establishment of 5*20m3 Biogas plants for provision of electricity and natural gas for households .

The Client : Rural Development Department, Government of Haryana: India

The Consultant : EESSI – Energy Efficiency & Sustainability Strategic Initiatives

Project Location : Haryana , India

Design Deenbandhu Bio-gas Model

Projected Outputs: Natural gas and electricity to 12-14 families on a daily basis

- India is worlds 4th largest energy consumer .

- At present Total installed capacity 209.27GW (2012) .

- 35.5% of the population still live without access to electricity

- India is suffering from :

- Rapidly increasing energy demand

- Deteriorating economic conditions

- Reliance on energy imports to supply energy.

Rationale

Rationale Cont.…

• Demand & Supply Gap :o Base load requirement was 861,591 (MU) against availability of

788,355 MU, a 8.5% deficit.(2011)o During peak loads, the demand was for 122 GW against availability of

110 GW, a 9.8% shortfall(2011)

• The electrical energy demand for 2016–17 is expected to be at least 1392 TWH, with a peak electric demand of 218 GW.

• If current average transmission and distribution average losses remain same (32%), India needs to add about 135 GW of power generation capacity, before 2017, to satisfy the projected demand after losses.

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Energy Crisis

• India needs an investment of at least $135 billion to provide universal access of electricity to its population.(IEA Reports)

• India’s coal-fired, oil-fired and natural gas-fired thermal power plants are inefficient and offer significant potential for greenhouse gas (CO2) emission reduction through better technology. Compared to the average emissions from coal-fired, oil-fired and natural gas-fired thermal power plants in European Union (EU-27) countries, India’s thermal power plants emit 50% to 120% more CO2 per kWh produced .

• Per capita average annual domestic electricity consumption in 2009 was 96 kWh in rural areas and 288 kWh in urban areas in contrast to worldwide 2600 kWh and 6200 kWh European Union .

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Current Energy Mix of India

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Energy from Bio-mass

• India is rich in biomass and has a potential of 16,881MW (agro-residues and plantations), 5000MW (bagasse cogeneration) and 2700MW (energy recovery from waste). Biomass power generation in India is an industry that attracts investments of over INR 6 billion every year, generating more than 5000 million units of electricity and yearly employment of more than 10 million man-days in the rural areas

• During 2011, some 45000 small scale biogas plants were installed. Cumulatively, India has installed 4.44 million small scale biogas plants.

• India has additionally commissioned 158 projects under its Biogas based Distributed/Grid Power Generation programme, with a total installed capacity of about 2 MW.

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Energy Demand Projection Rural and Urban Areas

• Traditionally, rural households are used to keeping five to 10 heads of livestock (mostly buffaloes and cows) for their agro-pastoral livelihood activities.

• In rural areas of Asia and Africa, the daily per capita demand of energy equals 10-15 kWh, which could be covered by about 2m³ of biogas. A biogas plant, therefore, directly saves forests, assuming that even deadwood is collected for fuel .

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Why bio gas??

- One of cheapest , easily available and clean energy source

- Raw material cost is just 1 Cent Per Kg

- Does not require skilled labor for construction, very low operation and maintenance cost

- India possesses over 280 million buffaloes and cows that yield 4400 million kg of cow-

dung per day(28.29% of worldwide cow population). About 6 kg of cow-dung can produce 1

m³ of biogas (natural gas).• Most important thing is that Indian rural areas (target market) have very low energy demands.

They do not have energy intensive lifestyles.• This is thus a solution as it provides the necessary requirements of

– Cheap– No operating cost locally available fuel– Easily manufactured– Comparatively low emissions as of coal and etc.– Quick fix solution to the energy problem in Pakistan

A 20m3 Plant can provide

• Natural gas for 12-14 households (4-5 people per household) on a daily basis

• Employment of an approximate 100 people during construction of one plant ( on a rolling basis )

• 6 hours of load shedding (electricity) reduced• Enhanced agricultural productivity • Sanitary treatment of wastes • Efficient and economical recovery of some of the waste carbon as

methane for fuel • Retention of humus matter and nutrients for use as a fertilizer.

Floating gas type Bio-Gas plant

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Costs incurred

Cost per plantS.No Description of Item

Quantity /No Rate/hr *3 Weeks Amount

(Indian Rupees)Amount

(AUD)

1 Studies/ Surveys Conducted 4 25,000 480

2Labour CostUnskilled 18 1200Rs 21,600 415

3 Material Cost 21,000 403

4 Construction & Installation cost 40,000 770

5 Transportation cost 6,000 115

6 Construction Supervision Cost 15,000 289

Total Cost 128,600 2473

* Note

Conversion Rate 1 AUD=52 Rs

Costs and Benefits

After the completion of week 7 a government inspection is to be held resulting in some amount of incentive as per the decision of government officials on the basis of project’s achievements .

Villagers just have to pay 5c per day of gas supply .

An approximate 5kg of cattle dung is produced per household – since we pay 1c per kg of dung so the cost is: 5c (paid by villagers) = 5kg*1c (paid to villagers for dung) Resulting in Zero net cost for villagers

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Requirements Cost Before Bio-gas Plant After Bio-Gas Plant

LPG= 2 cylinders 1800 Nil

Fuel Wood 750 Nil

Dung Cakes Daily Labour Cost Nil

Chemical Fertilizer 600 Nil

Approx. Total Cost 3150 Nil

Social

– Improved quality of life

– Energy Equality in villages ( gap in energy consumption per capita )

– Improved aesthetics: better solid waste management

– A cheaper substitute of fertilizer

– Provision of livelihood to local people

Economic

• 12kg of animal waste and 2 kg human excreta reduced in Solid

waste generated per day

• 4 schools lighted

• Enhanced agricultural productivity

• 500-600 people employed ( on a rotational basis )

• 12 tones of fertilizer in form of slurry

Environment

• Clean • Renewable• Carbon Emission reductions compared to conventional energy

generation methods• Less waste to landfills/dumping sites• Improved aesthetics• Less pollution

Time line for project implementation

Note: 1 Week = 1 Month ( Estimation)

Challenges and Opportunities :

Opportunities Positive feedback from government Cheaper solution to energy crisisSwift and efficient Path for developing countries to achieve carbon offsets whilst progressingPublic satisfaction

Challenges •Overheads •Land Acquisition problems •Transportation of raw material for construction•Climatic variations (monsoon, floods etc.)

Support for Biogas Programme by Rural Development Department, Govt. of Haryana (India)

• Subsidy for installation – 20-40% of cost

• Preferential tariff for sale of power

• Fee for supervision and warrantee for small plants

• Capacity building through: o Information dissemination o training of officials, constructors & plant users

• Sponsorship for Research and Development

• Monitoring and evaluation

• Fiscal Incentives / Concessions o Customs duty for imports o Excise duty for manufacture of RE devices o Income Tax

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Similar Projects but on a large scale

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1.0 MW power project based on cattle dung at Haebowal Dairy Complex Ludhiana, Punjab

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2 MW biogas power at Kanoria Chem, Ankleshwar

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Conclusion

• In countries with poor economic conditions and rapidly increasing population, it is difficult to

invest in technologies which are inefficient as well as major source of carbon emissions

• With concerns of energy, environment and economy a relatively clean, viable and

sustainable source of energy is needed capable of supplementing demands of small

secluded villages with low population and no access to energy

• Bio-gas is a good solution to energy problems in countries like Pakistan as it:

– Is cheap to build, operate and maintain

– Supplements the energy requirements (Gas or Electricity) of secluded villages at a much lower cost

– Requires no energy transmission infrastructure, negligible fuel cost and takes little time to establish

References

• Overview of Pakistan's Electricity Crisis, Generation-Mix and Renewable energy scenarios

• Masud, Jamil, Clean Energy Development in Pakistan, ADB Climate Change and Energy Workshop, Bangkok (2009)

• Biogas in India, Anil Dhussa , Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Government of India New Delhi

• "Get enlightened about electricity – India ((1 MU = 1 Million Units in India = 1 GWhr)) base load demand supply gap

• "Load Generation Balance Report 2011-12“ peak load demand supply gap

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Thank you

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