ENERGY-RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION

EARLY DAYS

During the early period , man did not have much

needs. He lived in forests or in caves. His only concern

was food and shelter. He did not even care about his

clothing. He remained naked and collected his food

from forest and wild animals and roamed freely.

As he progressed his needs and wants

increased, technologies came into being . He

began discovering new things , this led to his

economic development.

DEVELOPMENT FROM EARLY LIFE STYLE

These days he has been using numerous

resources rapidly and rapid uses of these

resources has led to their depletion . In the

beginning he did not know the use of iron and

coal ore. Nowadays he has been using all kinds

of conventional and non-conventional source

of energy.

ENERGY

Energy is "the ability to do work". Machines, humans, and other living beings, need energy to move, or to get things done . Energy exists in many different forms (heat, movement, sound, light, chemical energy, and others), and that it can be converted from one form to another.

RESOURCE

Resources are everything available in the

environment such as mineral, labour,

livestock etc., A resource is a source or

supply from which benefit is produced.

From a human perspective a natural

resource is anything obtained from

the environment to satisfy human needs and

wants.

CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES

The earth has plenty of resources that people can use to meet their needs. The earth is a great place where both living and non living things can be found. Plants and animals are living things. Land, water and air are non living things. People use both living and non living things on Earth to satisfy their needs. The materials on earth that people use are called natural resources.

*How human destroy our Natural

resources?*

Some people activities are harmful to

both our renewable and nonrenewable

resources. To build new roads, people

blast off mountains killing both plants

and animals. It also creates destruction

to their natural habitat. Rice fields are

turned into residential or commercial

centers. People cut too many trees for

lumber. When all the trees are gone,

rains wash away the soil.

Industrialization brings people to build

many factories. If not properly planned and maintain,

this factories emits harmful waste materials that

pollutes the soil, air and water. Too much mining and

quarrying for the purpose of getting those precious

metals and stones eventually erodes the soil. In

farming, some farmers use too much chemical

fertilizers. Too much fertilizer destroys the quality of

the soil and is harmful to both human and animals.

Burning plastics and garbage, and smoke belching cars

also pollutes the air and contributes to global

warming.

CONVENTIONAL SOURCE OF ENERGY

The conventional sources of energy are generally non-renewable sources of energy, which are being used since a long time. These sources of energy are being used extensively in such a way that their known reserves have been depleted to a great extent.

At the same time it is becoming increasingly difficult to discover and exploit their new deposits. It is envisaged at known deposits of petroleum in our country will get exhausted by the few decades and coal reserves are expected to last for another hundred years. The coal, petroleum and natural gas are conventional sources of energy.

FOSSIL FUELS

Fossil fuels are fuels formed by

natural processes such as anaerobic

decomposition of buried dead organisms.

The age of the organisms and their

resulting fossil fuels is typically

millions of years, and sometimes

exceeds 650 million years. Fossil fuels

contain high percentages of carbon and

include coal, petroleum, and natural

gas.

THERMAL POWER PLANT

A thermal power station is a power

plant in which the prime

mover is steam driven. Water is heated,

turns into steam and spins a steam

turbine which drives an electrical

generator. After it passes through the

turbine, the steam is condensed in

a condenser and recycled to where it was

heated; this is known as a Rankine cycle.

The greatest variation in the design of

thermal power stations is due to the

different fuel sources.

HYDRO POWER PLANTS

Hydroelectricity is the term referring

to electricity generated by hydropower; the production

of electrical power through the use of the gravitational

force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely

used form of renewable energy, accounting for 16

percent of global electricity consumption, and 3,427

terawatt-hours of electricity production in 2010, which

continues the rapid rate of increase experienced

between 2003 and 2009.

NON-CONVENTIONAL SOURCE OF ENERGY

Energy generated by using wind, tides, solar,

geothermal heat, and biomass including farm

and animal waste as well as human excreta is

known as non-conventional energy. All these

sources are renewable or inexhaustible and do

not cause environmental pollution. More over

they do not require heavy expenditure.

1. Wind Energy:

Wind power is harnessed by setting up a windmill

which is used for pumping water, grinding grain

and generating electricity. The gross wind power

potential of India is estimated to be about 20,000

MW, wind power projects of 970 MW capacities

were installed till March. 1998. Areas with

constantly high speed preferably above 20 km per

hour are well-suited for harnessing wind energy.

WIND ENERGY

Country that uses the most wind power is Germany, then areas of Denmark also use a lot of wind power. Next would be the U.S., and Spain follows right behind them. Other users include: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Wales, Republic of Ireland, Scotland, England, India, Japan, New Zealand & South Africa

3. Solar Energy:

Sun is the source of all energy on the

earth. It is most abundant, inexhaustible

and universal source of energy. AH other

sources of energy draw their strength from

the sun. India is blessed with plenty of

solar energy because most parts of the

country receive bright sunshine throughout

the year except a brief monsoon period.

India has developed technology to use solar

energy for cooking, water heating, water

dissimilation, space heating, crop drying

etc.

5. Energy from Biomass:

Biomass refers to all plant material and animal excreta when considered as an energy source. Some important kinds of biomass are inferior wood, urban waste, biogases, farm animal and human waste.

ENERGY FROM SEA

2. Tidal Energy:

Sea water keeps on rising and falling

alternatively twice a day under the influence

of gravitational pull of moon and sun. This

phenomenon is known as tides. It is

estimated that India possesses 8000-9000 MW

of tidal energy potential. The Gulf of Kutch

is best suited for tidal energy.

NUCLEAR ENERGY

WAVE ENERGY

Waves are caused by the wind blowing

over the surface of the ocean. In many

areas of the world, the wind blows with

enough consistency and force to provide

continuous waves. There is tremendous

energy in the ocean waves. Wave power

devices extract energy directly from

the surface motion of ocean waves or

from pressure fluctuations below the

surface. Next slide we will see how it

works in a video.

4. Geo-Thermal Energy:

Geo-thermal energy is the heat of the earth's

interior. This energy is manifested in the hot

springs. India is not very rich in this source.

OCEANIC THERMAL ENERGY

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)

uses the temperature difference between

cooler deep and warmer shallow or

surface ocean waters to run a heat

engine and produce useful work, usually

in the form of electricity. However, the

temperature differential is small and

this impacts the economic feasibility of

ocean thermal energy for electricity

generation.

NUCLEAR ENERGY

Importance of non-conventional

sources of energy:

1. The non-conventional sources of

energy are abundant in nature.

According to energy experts the

non-conventional energy potential

of India is estimated at about

95,000 MW.

2. These are renewable resources.

The non-conventional sources of

energy can be renewed with minimum

effort and money.

3. Non-conventional sources of

energy are pollution-free and eco-

friendly

By –Godwin X-I