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It is an assignment basically based on a chapter of 11 economics book .
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PRESENTATION
OF ECONOMICS
EMPLOYMENT IN
INDIAGROWTH, INFORMALISATION AND
OTHER ISSUES : PROBLEMS AND POLICIES
Introduction & meaning of employment and worker
Nature of employment Informalisation of Indian workforce Employment in formal sector Employment in informal sector Meaning of unemployment and
underemployment Estimates and causes of unemployment in india Measures for the solution of unemployment
problem Govt measures for promoting employment
CONTENT
ALL THOSE PERSONS WHICH ARE ENGAGED IN
ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ARE
KNOWN AS WORKERS
WHO ARE WORKERS ??????
WORKER POPULATION RATIO IN INDIA
2004 -2005
SEX TOTAL RURAL URBAN
MEN 50.3 48.8 51.9
WOMEN 17.6 21.6 13.3
TOTAL 33.8 35.2 32.3
MEN WOMEN0
10
20
30
40
50
60
TOTALRURALURBAN
EMPLOYMENT
It is a situation in which a person goes for work for a fixed period of time for a particular and gets salary in return
Seasonal employment
Disguished employment
NATURE OF EMPLOYMENT Nature of employment in india is
multi faceted. Some gets employment
throughout the year. Some are employed for only a
few months a year. Many workers do not get the fair
wages.
TYPES OF WORKERS
Self employed
Casual wage labourers
Regular salaried employees
YEAR SELF EMPLOYED
REGULAR EMPLOYEES
CASUALLABOURERS
1972-1973 61.4 15.4 23.2
1993-1994 54.6 13.6 31.2
1999-2000 52.6 14.6 32.8
TRENDS IN EMPLOYMENT PATTERN
(USUAL STATUS )
1972-73
1993-94
1999-2000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
SELF EMPLOYEDREGULARCASUAL LA-BORERS
TYPES OF WORKING SECTORS
Formal /
organised Sector
Informal /unorganised
sector
FEATURES OF INFORMAL SECTOR Do not get regular income. Do not have protection from the govt. Workers are dismissed without any
compensation. Workers of this sector mainly lives in
slum areas .
FEATURES OF FORMAL SECTOR Follows labour laws (protect the rights of
workers) Having fixed working hours Fixed salary Workforce from trade unions Medical leaves Future security Skills are required
DISTRIBUTION OF WORKFORCE BY INDUSTRY 1999-2000
INDUSTRIAL
CATEGORYRURAL URBAN MALE FEMALE
PRIMARY SECTOR
76.6 9.6 53.8 75.1
INDUSTRIALSECTOR
10.8 31.3 17.6 11.8
SERVICE SECTOR
12.5 59.1 28.6 13.1
TOTAL 100 100 100 100
PRIM
ARY
SECONDAR
Y
TERTI
ARY
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
FEMALEMALE URBANRURAL
CASUALISATION AND INFORMALISATION OF EMPLOYMENT
Casualisation refers to a situation when the percentage of casually-hired workers in the total workforce tends to rise over time
Informalisation refers to a situation when people tend to find employment more in informal sector of the economy, and less in formal sector of the economy.
UNEMPLOYMENT Unemployment refers to a situation where all able and willing persons may not find jobs or activities to provide them with means of living.
1992-97 8TH PLAN
1997-2000 9TH PLAN
2002-07 10TH PLAN
2007-12 11TH PLAN
23.3 34 35.5 35.0EMPLOYMENT
ESTIMATES OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN INDIA (IN MILLIONS)
Chart Title
8th plan9th paln10th paln11th plan
Causes of Unemployment :1.Faulty employment planning.2.Emphasies on capital intensive projects.3.Excessive use of foreign technology.4.Lack of financial resources.5.Slow growth process of the country.6.Increase in labour force with rise in population.
TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT
RURAL EMPLOYMENT
URBAN EMPLOYMENT
A. Rural Unemployment- It can be open unemployment, seasonal unemployment or disguised unemployment.
B. Urban Unemployment-It can be industrial unemployment , educated unemployment or technological unemployment .
Adverse Effects of Unemployment:1.Rise in poverty.2.Unemployment is depressing.3.Loss of human resources.4.Social unrest.Measures to Solve Unemployment Problem:1.Population Control.2.Reforms in education policy.3.Diversification of Farm Activities.4.Rapid Industrialisation.
NREGA(National Rural Employment Guarantee Act ) is a new scheme implemented by the government to provide employment to people living below poverty line.
This act was introduced with an aim of providing 100 days assured employment to the people below the poverty line.
Around one-third of the stipulated work force is women. The law was initially called the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) but was renamed on 2 October 2009
OBJECTIVE OF NREGA
Prepared by :HARJOT SINGH
APS UNCHI BASSI