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2. Emotions...Mmmmm!!!
Traditional view that emotions are an obstacle rather than a source
of knowledge???
Role of emotions in our mental lives helping us make sense of the
world???
The notion or idea that beliefs are a matter of the heart rather
than rational matters of the head???
Tomkinson, J.L, 2008 The Enterprise of Knowledge: A Resource Book
for Theory of Knowledge, 3rd Edition Anagnosis
3. So... Lets consider!
Emotions as an OBSTACLE to knowledge
Emotions as a SOURCE of knowledge
Process of reasoning & the role of emotion is there a
balance?What is the balance?
Tomkinson, J.L, 2008 The Enterprise of Knowledge: A Resource Book
for Theory of Knowledge, 3rd Edition Anagnosis
4. EMOTIONS as an obstacle to Knowledge
Emotions can influence the way we see and think about the
world.
Strong emotions may distort the ways of knowing
( Ways of knowing:Perception/ Knowing / Language )
Emotions may undermine our ability to think clearly
5. EMOTIONS as an obstacle to Knowledge...
When we are in the grip of strong emotions, we tend notto reasonin
an objective way but to rationalise our pre existing
prejudices.
Tomkinson, J.L, 2008 The Enterprise of Knowledge: A Resource Book
for Theory of Knowledge, 3rd Edition Anagnosis
6. EMOTIONS as an obstacle to Knowledge...
If we have a particular emotional attitude about something we may
manufacture bad reasons to justify it!
The tendency to rationalise can lead a person to an illusionary but
self confirming belief system.
Tomkinson, J.L, 2008 The Enterprise of Knowledge: A Resource Book
for Theory of Knowledge, 3rd Edition Anagnosis
7. Imagine John had emotional prejudice against immigrants.His
prejudice will probably lead to the following...
Tomkinson, J.L, 2008 The Enterprise of Knowledge: A Resource Book
for Theory of Knowledge, 3rd Edition Anagnosis, Pg 96
8. EMOTIONS as an obstacle to Knowledge...
Biased perception-he notices only lazy immigrants and overlooks
hard working ones.
Fallacious reasoning makes hasty generalisations from his own
limited experience.
Emotive language concludes that immigrants are bone idle and dont
know the meaning of hard work
HENCE making objectivity difficult!
Tomkinson, J.L, 2008 The Enterprise of Knowledge: A Resource Book
for Theory of Knowledge, 3rd Edition Anagnosis,
9. EMOTIONS as an obstacle to Knowledge...Irrational
Behaviour
Emotions can lead us to make poor decisions because they can
distort our beliefs.
Emotions can blind us to longer term consequences of our
actions.
I can resist everything! Except temptation.
Oscar Wilde
Tomkinson, J.L, 2008 The Enterprise of Knowledge: A Resource Book
for Theory of Knowledge, 3rd Edition Anagnosis,
10. What if we did not have any emotions at all and could look at
the world in a balanced and objective way?
Stoics advocate a state of mind called apathy! Without
Passion!
In which the mind could mirror reality in a calm and untroubled
way!
Tomkinson, J.L, 2008 The Enterprise of Knowledge: A Resource Book
for Theory of Knowledge, 3rd Edition Anagnosis
11. Emotion....
Emotion may provide us with the ENERGY (MOTIVATION)to PURSUE
Knowledge but it is far from clear that they are infallible guides
to the truth!!!
Who said this???And What do they mean?
(find this in your reading material)
Tomkinson, J.L, 2008 The Enterprise of Knowledge: A Resource Book
for Theory of Knowledge, 3rd Edition Anagnosis
12. EMOTIONS as a source of Knowledge...
Despite the stoic ideal! It is difficult to imagine a meaningful
human life without any human emotions.
You might think that Spock... human Vulcan (Star Trek) comes close
to having no emotion .
Stephen Pinker points out: - Spock is not so much lacking in
emotion as he is in control of his emotions.
Tomkinson, J.L, 2008 The Enterprise of Knowledge: A Resource Book
for Theory of Knowledge, 3rd Edition Anagnosis,
13. EMOTIONS as a source of Knowledge...
Antonio De Masio, (Psychologist) says emotions help us to make
rational decisions about things by narrowing down our options so we
canchoose between a manageable number of them.
And... that there is a risk of mental paralysis by relying on
reason alone.
Tomkinson, J.L, 2008 The Enterprise of Knowledge: A Resource Book
for Theory of Knowledge, 3rd Edition Anagnosis,
14. EMOTIONS as a source of Knowledge...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1wup_K2WN0I&feature=player_embedded
15. The relation between Emotion & Reason...
In practice reason & emotion are closely related to one another
and it is difficult to make a clear distinction between them.
Rather than think of reason as completely different either
orthings... think of a more or less continuum of mental activity
running from the very rational tothe very emotional.
There is a mixture of thoughts and feelings running around in your
head.
Tomkinson, J.L, 2008 The Enterprise of Knowledge: A Resource Book
for Theory of Knowledge, 3rd Edition Anagnosis,
16. Emotion & Reason...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JStrcfHr8AY&playnext=1&list=PLE0706E993D473708
17. The relation between Emotion & Reason...
Our emotions themselves can be more or less rational.
A change in our beliefs can lead to a change to the corresponding
emotion.
Tomkinson, J.L, 2008 The Enterprise of Knowledge: A Resource Book
for Theory of Knowledge, 3rd Edition Anagnosis,
18. The relation between Emotion & Reason...
An emotion that is sensitive to the real nature of a situation is
more rational than one that is not.
Tomkinson, J.L, 2008 The Enterprise of Knowledge: A Resource Book
for Theory of Knowledge, 3rd Edition Anagnosis,
19. The relation between Emotion & Reason...
Aristotle suggests: emotions can be more rational or less
rational!
In speaking of anger he observes... Anyone can be angry that is
easy.But to be angry with the right person to the right degree, at
the right time, for the right purpose, in the right way that is not
easy.
Tomkinson, J.L, 2008 The Enterprise of Knowledge: A Resource Book
for Theory of Knowledge, 3rd Edition Anagnosis,
20. The relation between Emotion & Reason...
Allowing that our emotions can be more or less rational, there is
still the problem that we may be able to see a particular emotion
as rational, and yet find it difficult to change it!
Tomkinson, J.L, 2008 The Enterprise of Knowledge: A Resource Book
for Theory of Knowledge, 3rd Edition Anagnosis,
21. The relation between Emotion & Reason...
We all experience irrational emotions, but since it is difficult to
switch them off, we may find it easier to adjust our beliefs to our
emotions than bring our emotions into line with reason.
( back to rationalisation problem! )
The object of our irrational disgust can have severe consequences
eg; if your object of disgust has to do with a minority
group.
Tomkinson, J.L, 2008 The Enterprise of Knowledge: A Resource Book
for Theory of Knowledge, 3rd Edition Anagnosis,
22. Why do so many people go along with the crowd and fail to stand
up for what they truly believe? Partly because they are too easily
swayed by other peoples opinions and partly because they dont know
when to have confidence in their own.
http://ridgeandtheuntold.multiply.com/journal/item/122/Philosophy_The_Classical_Self-Help_Guide_to_Happiness
23. Roman philosopher LuciousAnnaeus Seneca (4BCE-65CE), the most
famous and popular philosopher of his day, took the subject of
anger seriously enough to dedicate a whole book to the subject.
Seneca refused to see anger as an irrational outburst over which we
have no control. Instead he saw it as a philosophical problem and
amenable to treatment by philosophical argument. He thought anger
arose from certain rationally held ideas about the world, and the
problem with these ideas is that they are far too optimistic.
Certain things are a predictable feature of life, and to get angry
about them is to have unrealistic expectations.
http://ridgeandtheuntold.multiply.com/journal/item/122/Philosophy_The_Classical_Self-Help_Guide_to_Happiness
24. How can we acquire knowledge through emotion only?
Smith, N.D 2007, Emotion, Knowledge Ask Philosophers
It really depends upon what it is that one is supposed to come to
know this way and it will also depend upon just what one takes the
requirements of knowledge to consist in.
http://www.askphilosophers.org/question/1517
25. Smith, N.D 2007, Emotion, Knowledge Ask Philosophers
Some philosophers argue that at least one sort of knowledge we
could attain through emotions was knowledge of those emotions
themselves.Knowledge that we were in such and such a state at a
given time.
Others argue that we do not necessarily know our own states in any
privileged way eg; think we are not angry when we really are!
Knowledge of the world outside our consciousness- Smith thinks we
cannot acquire knowledge through emotion only.
As important as emotions are... I do not think they are very
reliable or clearly informative as a source of cognition
26. Peter S. Fosl, Jan 2007 Emotion, Knowledge Ask
Philosophers
Knowledge might be divided into 4 types:
Theoretical Knowledge Knowing that X
Practical Knowledge- Know wow
Familiarity Knowing someone
Moral Knowledge Knowing whats right
What does Fosl say about these 4 areas of knowledge and
emotion?
27. Mirander Fisher , Feb 2007 Emotion, Knowledge Ask
Philosophers
Emotions can be an obstacle to knowledge, but it is important not
to underestimate their positive cognitive power.
The idea that emotions can have not only intentional content (it is
directed to the world, it is about the world) but also as cognitive
content (it represents the world as being a certain way)
Emotions provide us with evidence , if suitably reliable, can
provide for empirical knowledge of others psychology ( intentions,
attitudes)
Emotions can themselves constitute the knowledge.Emotions as a
cognitive grasp of the relevant facts.
28. Thinking makes my head hurt!