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-Elizabethan Era--Shakespeare-
-Romeo and Juliet-
(c) 2007 brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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Elizabethan England
• Known as the English Renaissance (rebirth)• England was ruled by Queen Elizabeth I, daughter of King Henry VIII, from 1533-1603.
• The Queen had a love for theater and the arts, so during this period, the arts (poetry, plays, painting, etc.) flourished.
Life in the Elizabethan Era
Clothing/Fashion• Certain fabrics, textures, and colors of clothing indicated which social class a person was a part of.
• If a person dressed out of his/her social class, they would be punished because it was against the law.
(c) 2007 brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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Life in the Elizabethan Era
Marriages• A woman didn’t choose husband.
• Marriages were usually arranged by the families of the bride and the groom in order for both sides to benefit from one another.
• Once married, women had practically no rights; they could not work outside the home.
(c) 2007 brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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Life in the Elizabethan Era
Health• Many members of a family, often 4-8 people, would live in the same room.
• There was no sanitation, no indoor plumbing, no concept of germs or sterilization.
• The streets were filled with waste, both human and animal.
• There were two outbreaks of the Bubonic Plague
(c) 2007 brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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Life in the Elizabethan Era
Other interesting facts:• Only boys were allowed to attend formal education
• Going to the dentist was deadly• Punishment for crimes was VERY harsh
– Robbers would have limbs cut off by a saw, have fingers torn off, eyes dug out with hot pinchers, or death sentence
– Women gossips had sharp device put in mouth and, with any movement, the tongue would be cut or damaged
– For adultery, one would be attached to stool and continuously dunked under water until death
(c) 2007 brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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Life in the Elizabethan Era
• The lower class would bathe a couple times A YEAR, and the upper class bathed once every couple of weeks.
• Instead of toilet paper, clumps of grass or hay was used.
• Pale skin was considered beautiful, so they avoided the sun.
• A high forehead was a sign of intelligence, so many women would shave a portion on top of their head.
(c) 2007 brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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William Shakespeare
• The most famous playwright of all time
• Born: 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon; Died: 1616
• At 18, he married 26 year-old Anne Hathaway
• Had 3 children, one of which died at 11
(c) 2007 brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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William Shakespeare• 1585 – 1592 were considered his lost years. No one knew of his whereabouts.
• By 1592, he had become well known in London theatrical circles.
• In his lifetime Shakespeare wrote 37 plays
(c) 2007 brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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William Shakespeare
Types of Plays• 1. comedy – usually ends with weddings.
• 2. history – a retelling of the history of England
• 3. tragedy – ends with deatha. a hero has a high positionb. hero falls (causes his own fall)
(c) 2007 brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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The Globe Theatre• Famous theatre of the time
• Plays were held at 2:00 pm because there was no lighting in the theaters. And in good weather because it had no roof
• Few props were used; language focused on imagery
(c) 2007 brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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The Globe Theatre
• Both poor and rich people alike attended plays in Shakespeare’s time.
• It had several levels of seating– Lowest level, or pit, was the cheapest; the “groundlings” stood here
(c) 2007 brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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The Globe Theatre
• During this time, women were NOT allowed to be actors
• ALL roles were played by men/boys
• The character of Juliet would have been played by a boy
(c) 2007 brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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The Globe Theatre
• In the 1590s, the theaters had to close a few times due to outbreaks of the Plague
• Germs were EASILY spread at the theaters
(c) 2007 brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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Romeo and JulietWilliam Shakespeare
(c) 2007 brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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“Star-crossed lovers”
Romeo and Juliet
(c) 2007 brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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•The play is set in Verona, Italy
Juliet’s Balcony• Although Juliet is a
fictional character, this actual building in Verona (built around the 13th century) is said to have been the home to a prominent family in Italy back then. The Capuleti was a family that actually existed, and some believe that Shakespeare based his fictional family, the Capulets, on them.
• Pictured here is Juliet’s balcony. Some couples even get married there today.
(c) 2007 brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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Basics of Romeo and Juliet
• Written around 1595
• Involves two major families who hate each other
• Entire play takes place over 5 days
• Fate of Romeo and Juliet is given at the beginning of play
(c) 2007 brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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Romeo and Juliet - Characters
The Montagues• Romeo - first loves
Rosaline; sees Juliet and forgets Rosaline.
• Lord Montague - Romeo’s father
• Lady Montague - Romeo’s mother
• Benvolio - nephew of Montague and friend of Romeo
• Balthasar - servant of Romeo
• Abram - servant of Montague; enjoys fighting with Capulets
The Capulets• Juliet – daughter of
Capulet; happy, innocent girl who loves Romeo
• Lord and Lady Capulet - Juliet’s parents
• Tybalt - Juliet’s cousin; likes to fight
• Nurse - Juliet’s nanny and friend
• Peter - servant to the Nurse
• Sampson and Gregory – servants
(c) 2007 brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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Romeo and Juliet - Characters
(c) 2007 brainybetty.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
The Others•Prince Escalus - ruler of Verona; tired of the fighting in the city and threatens anyone who disturbs the peace with death•Mercutio - relative of the prince and friend of Romeo (sides with Montague); serves as comic relief •Friar Laurence - a Franciscan priest; helps Romeo and Juliet; good man•Friar John - another Franciscan priest•Count Paris - a young nobleman and relative of the prince (sides with Capulet); Juliet’s parents arrange for her to marry him
Other Romeo and Juliet Stories?
Literary Terms
• Pun – a joke based on the use of a word or words that has multiple meanings.
Mercutio: Nay, gentle Romeo, we must have you dance.
Romeo: Not I, believe me. You have dancing shoes with nimble soles; I have a soul of lead.
• Oxymoron– a figure of speech that combines two contradicting terms
Juliet: Beautiful tyrant! Fiend angelical!
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Literary Terms
• Foil – a character who contrasts and balances another character in the story.– Benvolio is a peacemaker, while Tybalt is
confrontational.
• Catharsis – the point where a character accepts his/her fate.
• Dramatic Irony – the audience knows something that the character on stage is not aware of.
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Literary Terms
• Allusion – an indirect reference by casually mentioning something that is generally familiar like mythology, the Bible, history, etc.
Romeo: … She’ll not be hit
With Cupid’s arrow; she hath Dian’s wit.
• Tragic Flaw – a character’s trait that leads to his/her downfall or destruction.
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Literary Terms -- Speeches
• Soliloquy –long speech given by a character directly to the audience; reveals private, inner thoughts about the character.
• Monologue – long speech given by one character to other characters.
• Aside – a “mini soliloquy;” lines whispered to the audience or one other character (not meant to be heard by everyone on stage.
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Poetry Terms
• Meter – rhythmic structure of poetic lines.
• Couplet – a pair of rhyming lines with usually the same meter.
• Blank verse – unrhymed verse.
• Iambic pentameter – a line over verse with ten syllables that is accented on every second beat.
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