Elements of the fine art

Basic Basic Elements of Elements of

the Artsthe Arts

Group Group 11

Elements of the Fine Elements of the Fine ArtsArts

Elements of the Fine Elements of the Fine ArtsArts• SubjectSubject- provides the answer to the - provides the answer to the

question: What is the painting or question: What is the painting or piece of sculpture about?piece of sculpture about?

Caryatids of the Erechtheum in Athens

gargoyles at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris

In painting, subject is no problem if the artist has In painting, subject is no problem if the artist has painted realistically.painted realistically.

Elements of the Fine Elements of the Fine ArtsArts• SubjectSubject

Henry Moore’s “Family Group”

William Zorach’s “Spirit of the Dance”

• MediuMediumm


- refers to the materials which an - refers to the materials which an artist uses.artist uses.

- Water - Water colorcolor

- - oiloil

- - tempetemperara

- - frescfrescoo

• MediuMediumm


Giotto in the Arena Chapel in

Padua

Piero della Francesca in the Church of

San Francesco in Arezzo

Raphael’s “Stanze” in the Vatican

Michelangelo in the Sistine Chapel

- The most noble and - The most noble and monumental, is adapted monumental, is adapted to large wall surfaces.to large wall surfaces.

(Fresc(Fresco)o)

- The most exacting - The most exacting because it must be done because it must be done quickly while the plaster is quickly while the plaster is wet, & once applied cannot wet, & once applied cannot be changed.be changed.

• MediuMediumm

Elements of the Fine Elements of the Fine ArtsArts(Tempe(Tempera)ra)

Simone Martini’s “Annunciation”

- Tempera - Tempera painting, painting, requires the requires the meticulous skill meticulous skill of a craftsman. of a craftsman. The color is The color is applied with tiny applied with tiny strokes of strokes of pointed brushes pointed brushes & dries & dries immediately.immediately.

• MediuMediumm

Elements of the Fine Elements of the Fine ArtsArts(Oil)(Oil)

Van Dyck’s portrait

Van Gogh’s “Starry Night

- is the most - is the most popular medium popular medium today because the today because the pigment come pigment come ready-mixed in ready-mixed in tubes. It dries tubes. It dries slowly, so that if slowly, so that if the artist is the artist is dissatisfied he can dissatisfied he can repaint his errors or repaint his errors or scrape all off for a scrape all off for a fresh start.fresh start.

• MediuMediumm

Elements of the Fine Elements of the Fine ArtsArts(Water (Water color)color)

Winslow Homer’s “Sloop Bermuda”

John Marin’s “Boat Off Deer Isle”

- True water color did not reveal itself - True water color did not reveal itself until the mid-19th century. Since the until the mid-19th century. Since the artist must work rapidly & cannot artist must work rapidly & cannot change anything, there is a freshness change anything, there is a freshness & spontaneity in water color not felt in & spontaneity in water color not felt in oil.oil.

• MediuMediumm

Elements of the Fine Elements of the Fine ArtsArts(Materials used in (Materials used in sculpture)sculpture)

Elements of the Fine Elements of the Fine ArtsArts• LineLineThe shape of a work of art is defined The shape of a work of art is defined

by by line. line. The line of a painting or The line of a painting or sculpture tell us what the work is sculpture tell us what the work is about.about.

3 kinds of 3 kinds of line:line: - Horizontal- Horizontal - Vertical- Vertical - Diagonal- Diagonal

George Inness’ “Lackawanna Valley”

Diego Rodriguez de Silva Velasquez’ “Surrender of

Breda

Elements of the Fine Elements of the Fine ArtsArts• ColorColor- is the decorative element in - is the decorative element in

painting.painting.

Jacopo Tintoretto’s “Last Supper”

Raphael’s “Madonna of the Chair”

Elements of the Fine Elements of the Fine ArtsArts• TextureTexture- refers to the way two objects - refers to the way two objects

feel to the touch.feel to the touch.

To the painter, texture is an illusion. To the painter, texture is an illusion. He must make an object look the way it would feel if we could touch it.He must make an object look the way it would feel if we could touch it.

“Portrait of George Giesze” by Hans Holbein

Elements of the Fine Elements of the Fine ArtsArts• VolumeVolume

To the painter, volume is an illusion, To the painter, volume is an illusion, because the surface of the canvass is flat.because the surface of the canvass is flat.

- refers to solidity or - refers to solidity or thickness.thickness.

Van Gogh’s “Bedroom at Arles

Pablo Ruiz Picasso’s “Seated Acrobat”

Elements of the Fine Elements of the Fine ArtsArts• PerspectiPerspectiveve

- To get depth or - To get depth or distance, an distance, an artist uses artist uses perspective, both linear perspective, both linear & aerial. & aerial.

Leonardo Da Vinci’s “Last Supper”

Raphael’s “School of Athens”

Andrea Mantegna’s “Pieta”

Elements of the Fine Elements of the Fine ArtsArts• FormForm- applies to the over-all design of - applies to the over-all design of

a work of art.a work of art.

Raphael’s “ Sistine

Madonna”

Michaelangelo’s “Holy Trinity”

Sandro Botticelli’s “Birth of Venus”

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec’s “Circus”

Elements of the Fine Elements of the Fine ArtsArts• StyleStyle- is the result of an artist’s - is the result of an artist’s

temperament, outlook in life, and temperament, outlook in life, and training.training.

Elements of the Fine Elements of the Fine ArtsArts• StyleStyleM

ichel

a

ngelo El

Grec

o

Modigl

iani

It is this spirit of the times which It is this spirit of the times which determines the style of a period. determines the style of a period. The Germans call it The Germans call it Zeitgeist.Zeitgeist.

Elements of MusicElements of Music


Basic Elements of music Basic Elements of music include rhythm, melody, include rhythm, melody, dynamics, harmony, dynamics, harmony, texture, form, color, and texture, form, color, and style.style.

Elements of MusicElements of Music• RhythRhythmm

- - the most basic element of music the most basic element of music is rhythm, the over-all movement or is rhythm, the over-all movement or swing. swing.

Meters means Meters means measure measure and refers to the and refers to the number number of beats in a of beats in a rhythmic unit,rhythmic unit,or measure.or measure.

Tempo refers to Tempo refers to speed , speed , whether the music whether the music moves moves fast or slowly.fast or slowly.

Elements of MusicElements of Music• MelodyMelody- by melody we - by melody we

mean an mean an orderly succession orderly succession of tones, of tones, or musical sounds.or musical sounds.- the smallest - the smallest melodic unitmelodic unit is the is the motif, motif, which which expandsexpands into a into a phrase.phrase.

Elements of MusicElements of Music• DynamicDynamicss

- the term dynamics refers to a force or percussive- the term dynamics refers to a force or percussive effects: degrees of loud and soft.effects: degrees of loud and soft.

Elements of MusicElements of Music• HarmonyHarmony- the simultaneous sounding of two or more tones - the simultaneous sounding of two or more tones

results in harmony.results in harmony. Tonality- interrelationship of keys.Tonality- interrelationship of keys. Polytonality - using several keys Polytonality - using several keys simultaneously.simultaneously.Atonality- having no key feeling.Atonality- having no key feeling.

Elements of MusicElements of Music• TextureTexture- the term texture refers to the number of tones we - the term texture refers to the number of tones we

are asked to apprehend simultaneously.are asked to apprehend simultaneously.

Elements of MusicElements of Music• FormForm

- the form or structure is as necessary to a work of - the form or structure is as necessary to a work of music as a blueprint to an architect or a pattern to a music as a blueprint to an architect or a pattern to a dressmaker.dressmaker.

Elements of MusicElements of Music• ColorColor

- in music, color is the result of the - in music, color is the result of the difference in difference in timbre (quality of tone) in the various timbre (quality of tone) in the various instruments instruments and voices.and voices.

The strings violin, viola, cello, and The strings violin, viola, cello, and bass.bass.

The woodwinds flute, piccolo, oboe, clarinet, and bassoon.


The brasses trumpet, The brasses trumpet, trombone, and tuba.trombone, and tuba.

The percussion The percussion instruments instruments drums, cymbals, triangle.drums, cymbals, triangle.

• ColorColor

Elements of MusicElements of Music• StyleStyle

- each composer has his personal - each composer has his personal idiom, which idiom, which differentiates his work from that of differentiates his work from that of others, and he also reflects the style others, and he also reflects the style of the period in which he lives.of the period in which he lives.

Elements of LiteratureElements of Literature

Elements of LiteratureElements of Literature

Results from the Results from the communication communication of thoughts and feelings of thoughts and feelings through through consciously consciously organized organized language.language.

Elements of LiteratureElements of LiteratureInspiration comes to the Inspiration comes to the

writer of great literature in writer of great literature in tree channels:tree channels: Through the SENSESThrough the SENSES

Through the EMOTIONSThrough the EMOTIONS

Through the INTELLECTThrough the INTELLECT

Elements of LiteratureElements of Literature• PoetryPoetry

- (from the Greek - (from the Greek poiesispoiesis - - ποίησιςποίησις - -with a broad meaning of a "making", with a broad meaning of a "making", seen also in such terms as "hemoseen also in such terms as "hemopoiesispoiesis"; "; narrowly, the making of poetry) is a narrowly, the making of poetry) is a form of literary art which uses the form of literary art which uses the

aesthetic qualities of language to aesthetic qualities of language to evoke meanings evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, in addition to, or in place of, the prosaic ostensible meaning.the prosaic ostensible meaning.- Most concentrated form of writing.- Most concentrated form of writing.

Guiding principle in judging POETRY


- Words are not actually informative - Words are not actually informative but also evocative in that they call but also evocative in that they call up the same response in us which up the same response in us which inspired the poet, in short they make inspired the poet, in short they make us share his experience.us share his experience.- We must dig deeply if we would penetrate the - We must dig deeply if we would penetrate the

depths the poet has sounded.depths the poet has sounded.- When we speak of poetic rhythm we mean not the conventional meters but the entire thought and emotional flow of the poem.

Guiding principle in judging POETRY


- In good poetry there must be a - In good poetry there must be a synthesis of content and design: synthesis of content and design: that is balance between what is said that is balance between what is said and how it is said.and how it is said.- The poetic mind expresses itself in images or, - The poetic mind expresses itself in images or,

as Aristotle called them, METAPHORS, as Aristotle called them, METAPHORS, which clarify his experience.which clarify his experience.

Divisions of POETRY


-Epic

Poetry

- Lyric Poetry

- Dramatic

Poetry

- Elegy

- Verse Fable

- Prose

Poetry- Speculative Poetry


- Epic PoetryThis genre is often This genre is often defined as defined as lengthy poems lengthy poems concerning events concerning events of a heroic or important of a heroic or important nature to nature to the culture of the time. It the culture of the time. It recounts, recounts, in a continuous in a continuous narrative, the life narrative, the life and works of a heroic or and works of a heroic or mythological or group of mythological or group of persons.persons.


- Epic PoetryExamples of epic poems are:


- Epic PoetryExamples of epic poems are:


- Lyric PoetryA genre that, unlike epic and dramatic poetry, does A genre that, unlike epic and dramatic poetry, does

not attempt to tell a story but instead is of a more not attempt to tell a story but instead is of a more personal nature. Poems in this genre tend to be personal nature. Poems in this genre tend to be shorter, melodic, and contemplative. Rather than shorter, melodic, and contemplative. Rather than depicting characters and actions, it portrays the depicting characters and actions, it portrays the poet's own feelings, states of mind, and perceptions.poet's own feelings, states of mind, and perceptions.

Notable poets in this genre include John Donne, Notable poets in this genre include John Donne, Gerard Manley Hopkins, and Antonio Machado.Gerard Manley Hopkins, and Antonio Machado.


- Dramatic PoetryDrama written in verse to be spoken or sung, Drama written in verse to be spoken or sung,

and appears in varying, sometimes related forms and appears in varying, sometimes related forms in many cultures. Greek tragedy in verse dates to in many cultures. Greek tragedy in verse dates to the 6th century B.C., and may have been an the 6th century B.C., and may have been an influence on the development of Sanskrit drama, influence on the development of Sanskrit drama, just as Indian drama in turn appears to have just as Indian drama in turn appears to have influenced the development of the influenced the development of the bianwenbianwen verse verse dramas in China, forerunners of Chinese Opera.dramas in China, forerunners of Chinese Opera.


- Dramatic PoetryExamples of dramatic poetry in Persian literature:Examples of dramatic poetry in Persian literature:

Nizamis’ Khosrow and ShirinNizamis’ Khosrow and Shirin


- Elegy

• A mournful, melancholy or plaintive A mournful, melancholy or plaintive poem, especially a lament for the dead poem, especially a lament for the dead or a funeral song. or a funeral song. • The term "elegy," which originally The term "elegy," which originally denoted a type of poetic meter denoted a type of poetic meter (elegiac meter), commonly describes(elegiac meter), commonly describesa poem of mourning.a poem of mourning.• May also reflect something that May also reflect something that seems to the author to be strange or seems to the author to be strange or mysterious.mysterious.•The elegy, as a reflection on a death, on a sorrow

more generally, or on something mysterious, may be classified as a form of lyric poetry.

The fable is an ancient literary genre, often The fable is an ancient literary genre, often (though not invariably) set in verse. It is a succinct (though not invariably) set in verse. It is a succinct story that features anthropomorphized animals, story that features anthropomorphized animals, plants, inanimate objects, or plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that forces of nature that illustrate a moral lesson illustrate a moral lesson (a "moral"). Verse fables (a "moral"). Verse fables have used a variety of meterhave used a variety of meter and rhyme patterns.and rhyme patterns.


- Verse Fable

is a hybrid genre that shows attributes of both is a hybrid genre that shows attributes of both prose and poetry. It may be indistinguishableprose and poetry. It may be indistinguishablefrom the micro-story (a.k.a. the "short short story", from the micro-story (a.k.a. the "short short story", "flash fiction"). While some examples of earlier "flash fiction"). While some examples of earlier prose strike modern readers as poetic, prose poetryprose strike modern readers as poetic, prose poetryis commonly regarded as having originated in is commonly regarded as having originated in 19th-century France, where its practitioners19th-century France, where its practitionersincluded Aloysius Bertrand, Charles Baudelaire, included Aloysius Bertrand, Charles Baudelaire, Arthur Rimbaud and Stéphane Mallarmé.Arthur Rimbaud and Stéphane Mallarmé.


- Prose Poetry

Since the late 1980s especially, prose poetry Since the late 1980s especially, prose poetry has gained increasing popularity, with entire has gained increasing popularity, with entire journals, such as journals, such as The Prose Poem: An The Prose Poem: An International JournalInternational Journal,,Contemporary Haibun Contemporary Haibun OnlineOnline and and Modern Modern Haibun & Tanka ProseHaibun & Tanka Prose devoted to that genre.devoted to that genre.


- Prose Poetry


- Speculative Poetryalso known as fantastic poetry, (of which weird also known as fantastic poetry, (of which weird

or macabre poetry is a major subclassification), or macabre poetry is a major subclassification), is a poetic genre which deals thematically with is a poetic genre which deals thematically with subjects which are 'beyond reality', whether via subjects which are 'beyond reality', whether via extrapolation as in science fiction or via weird and extrapolation as in science fiction or via weird and horrific themes as in horror fiction. Such poetry horrific themes as in horror fiction. Such poetry appears regularly in modern science fiction and appears regularly in modern science fiction and horror fiction magazines.horror fiction magazines.

Edgar Allan Poe is sometimes seen as the "father of speculative poetry".

Elements of LiteratureElements of Literature• NovelNovel

- is a book of - is a book of long narrative in literary prose. long narrative in literary prose. The genre has historical roots The genre has historical roots both in the both in the fields of the medieval and fields of the medieval and early modern early modern romance and in the tradition of romance and in the tradition of the novella. the novella. The latter supplied the present The latter supplied the present generic term generic term in the late 18th century.in the late 18th century.

Elements of LiteratureElements of Literature• Short Short StoriesStoriesElements of the Short Story

The short story as an art form developed in early 19th Century.

Elements of LiteratureElements of Literature• Short Short StoriesStories

Granville Hicks says that a Granville Hicks says that a good short story is “an attempt good short story is “an attempt to make the reader share in ato make the reader share in a unique moment of insight.”unique moment of insight.”

Elements of LiteratureElements of Literature• EssayEssay

Elements of the Essay

The inventor of the essay The inventor of the essay was a sixteenth century was a sixteenth century Frenchman by the name Frenchman by the name of Montaigne.of Montaigne.

Why do Essayist write?Why do Essayist write?


What they write may be purely:

- Entertaining like James - Entertaining like James Ramsey Ramsey Ullman’s “Victory on Ullman’s “Victory on Everest”Everest”

- Provocative like Helen Keller’s - Provocative like Helen Keller’s ““Three days to see”Three days to see”

- Informative like Stewart - Informative like Stewart Edward White’s “On Edward White’s “On making Camp”making Camp”


- Didactic like Howard - Didactic like Howard Pease’s “Letter to a Pease’s “Letter to a Fan”Fan”

Elements of LiteratureElements of LiteratureOTHER LANGUAGES AND OTHER LANGUAGES AND

TRANSLATIONTRANSLATION

If you have some knowledge of the If you have some knowledge of the original language, by all means put original language, by all means put your knowledge to work by reading your knowledge to work by reading portion to the original. portion to the original.

The translator may keep the literal meaning as The translator may keep the literal meaning as close as he can and ignore the poetic beauties, or close as he can and ignore the poetic beauties, or he may make a poetic translation which is often he may make a poetic translation which is often far from literal.far from literal.

Judging the Work of Judging the Work of ArtArt


While it is true that much that was While it is true that much that was created in the past has been tried created in the past has been tried in the balance, found wanting, and in the balance, found wanting, and discarded, leaving only the best of discarded, leaving only the best of past ages, this answer does not past ages, this answer does not help in assessing modern works.help in assessing modern works.

“ “ What makes any work of art great?”What makes any work of art great?”

Judging the Work of Judging the Work of ArtArt• SinceritySincerity

Are the artist’s Are the artist’s intentions intentions perfectly honest? or perfectly honest? or Is he Is he striving for effect striving for effect either by either by sentimentality or sentimentality or sensation?sensation?


Bartolome Esteban Murillo’s

paintings of “Virgin and child”

Madame LeBrun’s portrait

Of herself and her daughter


Jean Chardin’s “The blessings”

Honore Daumier's “ The Laundress”

Rodin’s “The Kiss” Chagall’s “Birthday Gift”



Michelangelo's “Pieta”

Bernini’s “Ecstasy of Saint Theresa”

Judging the Work of Judging the Work of ArtArt• UniversalitUniversalityy

Does the work of art have Does the work of art have only momentary value? or only momentary value? or Does it embody universal Does it embody universal truths which are permanent?truths which are permanent?

Peter Paul Rubens’ “The garden of Venus”


Jean-Francois Millet’s

“Man with a Hoe”

Eugene Delacroix’s “Liberty leading the People”


Judging the Work of Judging the Work of ArtArt Violations of fundamental truth

W.H. Auden’s poem “Musee des Beaux Arts” W.H. Auden’s poem “Musee des Beaux Arts”

and Brueghel’s painting “The fall of Icarus”and Brueghel’s painting “The fall of Icarus”

Judging the Work of Judging the Work of ArtArt• MagnitudeMagnitude There are few masterpieces which There are few masterpieces which

transcend all others in scope and transcend all others in scope and monumentality. Don’t think that you monumentality. Don’t think that you must plumb their depths at your must plumb their depths at your first contact.first contact.


Dante’s Divine comedy

Michelangelo’s Frescoes in the Sistine Chapel

Goethe’s Faust

Judging the Work of Judging the Work of ArtArt• CraftmanshCraftmanshipip

Does the artist understand his craft and his workmanship sound? Has he gone beyond the limit s of taste?

These questions arise chiefly in judging modern works. We are living in a very prolific period, prolific because there is a very wide interest in and demand for the arts.

Education

Elements of the fine art