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Talk given at International conference on advance learning technology 2006 at Kerkrade, The Netherlands
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eLearning, Interactive eLearning, Interactive Hypermedia, Neuroscience and Hypermedia, Neuroscience and Digital Learning Module CreationDigital Learning Module Creation
Javed AlamJaved AlamCivil/Environmental and Chemical Engineering DepartmentCivil/Environmental and Chemical Engineering Department
Youngstown State UniversityYoungstown State UniversityYoungstown, Ohio, USA 44555Youngstown, Ohio, USA 44555
The 6th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies Kerkrade The Netherlands 5-7 July 2006
eLearning Instructional DesigneLearning Instructional Design
AnalyzeAnalyze - analyze learner characteristics, task - analyze learner characteristics, task to be learned, etc.to be learned, etc.
DesignDesign - develop learning objectives, choose - develop learning objectives, choose an instructional approachan instructional approach
DevelopDevelop - create instructional or - create instructional or training materialstraining materials
ImplementImplement - deliver or distribute the - deliver or distribute the instructional materialsinstructional materials
EvaluateEvaluate - make sure the materials achieved - make sure the materials achieved the desired goals.the desired goals.
eLearningeLearning
Mapping of Traditional Teaching and Learning Practices into Mapping of Traditional Teaching and Learning Practices into Virtual Learning Environment Virtual Learning Environment
The wired or wirelessly connected desktop, laptop The wired or wirelessly connected desktop, laptop computers and small form factor computing devices such computers and small form factor computing devices such as Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) to the Internet. as Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) to the Internet.
The computers running the web server and application The computers running the web server and application server software including the Learning Management server software including the Learning Management Software (LMS)Software (LMS)
Learning Content Management Software (LCMS).Learning Content Management Software (LCMS). The implementation of Learning Design (LD) is The implementation of Learning Design (LD) is
accomplished through the LD software tools that are add accomplished through the LD software tools that are add on to the application server software.on to the application server software.
eLearning RevieweLearning Review
Example eLearning ComponentsExample eLearning Components
eLecture eLecture http://www.eng.ysu.edu/~jalam/icalt06paper/presentation/resources/DOF%20e-lecture_fs1.htmhttp://www.eng.ysu.edu/~jalam/icalt06paper/presentation/resources/DOF%20e-lecture_fs1.htm Use Use
Firebox and resize the window for the maximum size Firebox and resize the window for the maximum size
eAssessment eAssessment http://www.eng.ysu.edu/~jalam/icalt06paper/presentation/resources/Quiz%20on%20DOF.htmhttp://www.eng.ysu.edu/~jalam/icalt06paper/presentation/resources/Quiz%20on%20DOF.htm
Example eLearning ComponentExample eLearning Component eComputation eComputation
Hypermedia ComponentsHypermedia Components
Hypertext Text + HyperlinksHypertext Text + Hyperlinks Graphics (Images, Photographs, Vector Graphics (Images, Photographs, Vector
Drawings)Drawings) Digital SoundDigital Sound Animation Digital/Digital VideoAnimation Digital/Digital Video
Hypermedia vs. Print MediaHypermedia vs. Print Media
Matured techniques for creating Print mediaMatured techniques for creating Print media Print media content is staticPrint media content is static Print Media provides higher resolution 1400 dpi vs. 75-125 Print Media provides higher resolution 1400 dpi vs. 75-125
dpi for screendpi for screen Hypermedia provides dynamic content with interactivityHypermedia provides dynamic content with interactivity Possibility of manipulating 1024x768 screen pixel Possibility of manipulating 1024x768 screen pixel
elements with 32 bits per pixelelements with 32 bits per pixel A comprehensive array of affordable digital element A comprehensive array of affordable digital element
creation toolscreation tools Digital Delivery through the inter connected computing Digital Delivery through the inter connected computing
devicesdevices Tools and Techniques for digital media creation using Tools and Techniques for digital media creation using
Hypermedia are still evolvingHypermedia are still evolving
Neuroscience and EducationNeuroscience and Education
Sources of Brain Function Sources of Brain Function Information Information
Non Invasive Brain ScansNon Invasive Brain Scans Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Functional magnetic resonance imagingFunctional magnetic resonance imaging ( (fMRIfMRI) ) Electroencephalogram (Electroencephalogram (EEGEEG) )
Invasive surgical proceduresInvasive surgical procedures Study of Patients with damaged brain functionsStudy of Patients with damaged brain functions
Brain BasicsBrain Basics
Top View of BrainTop View of Brain Section View of BrainSection View of Brain Average number of Average number of
neurons in the brain = 100 neurons in the brain = 100 billion billion
Number of synapses for a Number of synapses for a "typical" neuron = 1,000 to "typical" neuron = 1,000 to 10,000 10,000
Sparsely interconnected Sparsely interconnected neural network neural network
Several trillion possible Several trillion possible Interconnections between Interconnections between neurons neurons
Neural Processing in eLearningNeural Processing in eLearning
Visual/Aural stimulus processingVisual/Aural stimulus processing Memory sub systemsMemory sub systems Emotion/Motivation processingEmotion/Motivation processing Neural-plasticityNeural-plasticity Attention processingAttention processing
Visual/Aural stimulus processingVisual/Aural stimulus processing
Memory sub systemsMemory sub systems
Emotion processingEmotion processing
Basic EmotionsBasic Emotions Fear, Anger, Disgust, Fear, Anger, Disgust,
Sad, Surprise, HappySad, Surprise, Happy
Subcortical structures Subcortical structures comprising the limbic comprising the limbic system, including the system, including the hippocampus, hippocampus, hypothalamus, hypothalamus, thalamus & pituitary thalamus & pituitary gland. It controls self gland. It controls self homeostasis, emotion, homeostasis, emotion, hunger, sexual desire, hunger, sexual desire, sleep and memory. sleep and memory.
Neural Processing of FearNeural Processing of Fear
Brain ComponentsBrain Components
Visual ThalamusVisual Thalamus Visual CortexVisual Cortex AmygdalaAmygdala
AnimationAnimation from LeDoux from LeDoux
http://www.cns.nyu.edu/ledoux/http://www.cns.nyu.edu/ledoux/
Motivation/ArousalMotivation/Arousal
Brain Reward Subsystems Brain Reward Subsystems Prefrontal CortexPrefrontal Cortex Nucleus accumbensNucleus accumbens AmygdalaAmygdala HippocampusHippocampus Ventral tegmental areaVentral tegmental area
Feeling of arousal and pleasure when dopamine-containing neurons release neurotransmitter dopamine into specific brain areas that include a special portion of the nucleus accumbens.
Neural-plasticityNeural-plasticity
Neural plasticity is the ability of neural circuits to undergo Neural plasticity is the ability of neural circuits to undergo changes in function or organization due to activities or changes in function or organization due to activities or exercises performed by the human subject.exercises performed by the human subject.
These activities could be sensoral or Motor activities.These activities could be sensoral or Motor activities.
Learning of new knowledge and behavior is directly related to Learning of new knowledge and behavior is directly related to Neural plasticity.Neural plasticity.
Contrary to popular myth, this capability of neural circuits to Contrary to popular myth, this capability of neural circuits to reorganize and learn new knowledge and behavior pattern reorganize and learn new knowledge and behavior pattern persist well in the advance agepersist well in the advance age
Attention processingAttention processingConcept of Attention as a organ system is Concept of Attention as a organ system is
advanced by Michael I. Posner, advanced by Michael I. Posner, Professor, Professor, Emeritus, Department of Psychology, Emeritus, Department of Psychology, University of OregonUniversity of Oregon
Involvement of different brain subsystems to Involvement of different brain subsystems to create attention depending upon the task create attention depending upon the task performedperformed
A closely related phenomenon to attention is A closely related phenomenon to attention is "orienting response.“
Source:
http://www.sciam.com/2002/0202issue/0202kubey.html
In 1986 Byron Reeves of Stanford University, Esther Thorson of the University of Missouri and their colleagues began to study whether the simple formal features of television--cuts, edits, zooms, pans, sudden noises--activate the Television's stylistic tricks--cuts, edits, zooms--can trigger involuntaryorienting response, thereby keeping attention on the screen. By watching how brain waves were affected by formal features, the researchers concluded that these stylistic tricks can indeed trigger involuntary responses and "derive their attentional value through the evolutionary significance of detecting movement....It is the form, not the content, of television that is unique."
Conclusions and Future WorkConclusions and Future Work
Development of New Learning Science Development of New Learning Science Based upon the findings in NeuroscienceBased upon the findings in Neuroscience
The emerging hypermedia content The emerging hypermedia content development practices with interactivitydevelopment practices with interactivity
Challenges of the use of insights from Challenges of the use of insights from Neuroscience in effective Design of Digital Neuroscience in effective Design of Digital Learning Content for eLearningLearning Content for eLearning
Any QuestionsAny Questions