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What does an editor do?
The Editor
• Selects and arranges shots in a way that conveys specific meanings to the film audience.
The 4 transition types
• Cut• Dissolve• Fade• Wipe
Cut
• Most common type of transition
Cut from a MCU to a CU of James McAvoy as Robbie in Atonement – (Joe Wright, 2007)
Why do we use it?
• Most invisible, looks realistic• Does not break the viewer’s suspension of
disbelief• change the scene • compress time • vary the point of view • build up an image or idea
Dissolve or Cross Dissolve• Mixes one shot out as another mixes in• At the mid point the audience will be able
to see both shots on the screen.• Communicates a physical or emotional link
between the two shots.
Why do we use it?
• This shows the connection between characters, objects or places.
FadeA gradual passing out of or into the scene from a blank screen, usually black or white
The film Donnie Darko (dir Richard Kelly – 2001) has many examples of fades to white, creating a sense of ‘otherworldliness.
Why do we use it?
• This can signal the end of a particular section of time and space within the narrative or to suggest the importance of the image which has just “faded”. It can also help to create a sense of disconnection with thought processes.
Wipe• One image pushed off the screen by
another.• More common to vertically push off the
right-hand side, consistent with time moving forward.
• There are also horizontal, diagonal and circular wipes.
Classic vertical wipe from ‘Star Wars’ – (George Lucas – 1977)
Why do we use it?• Often used as a stylised way of showing a
change of place, for example, when the action jumps from one city to another- but it takes place at the same time.
Transitions
• So to summarise how to use and not use transitions
How to do transitions
Dracula Chapter 15
The 2 types of editing
• Continuity• Montage
Continuity Editing
• The usual style of Hollywood realist feature films. Cuts are unobtrusive, supporting rather than dominating the narrative. It takes the film from one shot to the next, moving forward in time.
• The editing isn’t really invisible but the conventions have become so familiar to visual literates that we don’t notice them.
How it’s done• Match cuts, not jump cuts• Motivated cuts- Shot-reverse-shot• Change of camera position –Outside – In-
reads as continuous action The use of the sound bridge-fluid• Parallel development – an intercut sequence
of shots - chase sequences
Casino Royale – (Martin Campbell, 2006)
What is insinuated by mixing these shots
Montage Editing
• The juxtaposition of shots to represent action or ideas, using conspicuous techniques.
• It creates impact as the viewer is forced to make connections between the images shown.
Montage Editing
What is this child feeling?Why?
How it’s done
• Relatively frequent cuts• Use of close ups• Dissolves• Superimposition• Fades• Jump cuts
• Rocky – Montage• You Need A Montage
