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Negative Interaction : PREDATION

Ecology - Negative Interaction - PREDATION (KMB)

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Page 1: Ecology - Negative Interaction - PREDATION (KMB)

Negative Interaction:

PREDATION

Page 2: Ecology - Negative Interaction - PREDATION (KMB)

PPREDATION

PREDATOR PPREY

Page 3: Ecology - Negative Interaction - PREDATION (KMB)

PredationThe

interaction between two species in which one specie, the predator, feeds on the other specie, the prey.

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Predator and prey

relationships

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A predator is an organism that eats another organism. 

The prey is the organism which

the predator eats. 

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lion and zebra

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bear and fish

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fox and

rabbit

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Bear and berry

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rabbit and

lettuce

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grasshopper and leaf

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Predation, in the broadest sense, describes interactions that have a positive

influence on one species, and a negative influence on the other species.

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Predation theorywhen prey are numerous their

predators increase in numbers,

reducing the prey population, which in

turn causes predator number to

decline.

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Predator-prey population dynamics

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Predators kill prey affects prey death rate

• prey population size depends on number of predators

• with few predators, prey population grows

• with many predators, prey population shrinks

Predator-prey population dynamics are connected

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Predators eat prey affects predator birth rate

• predator population size depends on number of prey

• with many prey, predator population grows

• with few prey, predator population shrinks

Predator-prey population dynamics are connected

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Predators kill and eat prey affects prey death rate affects predator

birth rate

• with few predators, prey population • with many prey, predator population • with many predators, prey population • with few prey, predator population

Predator-prey population dynamics are connected

growsgrowsshrinksshrinks

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Prey numbers increase, predator numbers increase…

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5 Types Of

Predation

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HERBIVORESCARNIVORES

INSECT PARASITOIDSPARASITES AND

DISEASECANNIBALISM

5 TYPES OF PREDATION

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Herbivores

Animals that prey on green plants,

seeds or fruits

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CarnivoresTypical

predation, where one

animal consumes another

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Insects Parasitoids

Insects lay eggs on or in host, and

host is consumed by larvae

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Parasites and Disease

Depend on host

for nutrition

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CannibalismPredator

and prey are the same

species

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TACTICS OF THE

PREDATOR

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Tactics of the

PREDATOR#1camouflage

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Hide and Wait#2

Tactics of the

PREDATOR

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POISONING#3

Tactics of the

PREDATOR

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TRAP#4Tactics of the

PREDATOR

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BIGGER,

WILDER,

FASTER

#5Tactics of the

PREDATOR

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700 lbs & built to kill

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200 mph

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17,000 lbs

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RESPONSES OF THE PREY

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RESPONSES OF THE

PREYcamoufla

ge#1

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There are two major types of camouflage:

Cryptic Camouflage Disruptive Camouflage

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When an organism

conceals itself by appearing like

parts of its surrounding environment

Cryptic Camouflage

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chameleon cuttlefish octopu

s

3 organisms that can control the coloration

Cryptic Camouflage

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When patterns or colors are used

to confuse predators to hide the head or tail

areas of an organism

Disruptive Camouflage

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Disruptive camouflage confuses predators.

Disruptive Camouflage

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Other organisms have fake eye spots or other patterns so predators attack the wrong end

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ESCAPE#2

RESPONSES OF THE

PREY

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POISON#3

RESPONSES OF THE

PREY

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Poison dart frogs are

small, brightly colored

rainforest frogs that have very poisonous

skin.

Poison dart frog

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Poison dart frogs

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Its skin secretes a

nerve toxin that can

paralyze a potential predator fire salamander

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Its body contain

toxins which taste terrible to potential predators. monarch butterfly

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ARMOR#4

RESPONSES OF THE

PREY

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PLAY DEA

D#5

RESPONSES OF THE

PREY

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MIMICRY#6

RESPONSES OF THE

PREY

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Mimicry is when one species

closely resembles

another species to gain some advantage

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There are two types of mimicry:

Batesian MimicryMuellerian Mimicry

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When a species that is NOT

dangerous mimics a species that IS

dangerous

Batesian Mimicry

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When two dangerous

species mimic each other

Muellerian Mimicry

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STRENGTH IN

NUMBERS#7

RESPONSES OF THE

PREY

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Thank you for listening!

Kristhel m. buenoBeed 3 1 day