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Earthquakes
Kevin Melo.Listening and Speaking V
Vocabulary
Forecast: to estimate how something will be in the future
Fault: A fracture zone in rock along which movement has occurred.
Magnetometer: An instrument designed to measure the strength and character of Earth's magnetic field.
Seismograph: an instrument that automatically detects and record the intensity, direction and duration of earthquake and similar events.
Layer: a single thickness of some material covering a surface
Earthquakes are caused by movements of plates underneath the Earth's surface. The places where these plates meet are breaks in the Earth's crust called faults. Earthquakes often happen when these plates along the faults move in different directions
The San Andreas Fault: is a long transform fault in California. Movements along this plate edge have caused huge earthquakes in the cities of San Francisco and Los Angeles
Usually active volcanoes occur near the edges of plates that are moving apart or colliding. Also earthquakes are common in these regions too.
(Ring of fire)
Is Possible Predict Earthquakes?
In 1975, Chinese scientists correctly predicted an earthquake and saved their the lives of many people. But scientists have not yet found sure way of forecasting them
What Instruments Record Earthquakes?
Magnetometerto warn of magnetic
field changes
Seismograph to warn of
underground vibrations
Animals Sense Earthquakes Scientist have noticed that animals
often behave strangely before an earthquake. Horses rear up, dogs bark and snakes come out of holes in the ground.
Seaquake (tsunami) A Seaquake is a
series of large waves of extremely long wavelength and period usually generated by a violent, impulsive undersea disturbance or activity near the coast or in the ocean.
How do earthquakes cause damage?
Earthquakes make buildings sway and wobble until they collapse. The shaking sometimes:
Break gas pipes Causes electrical short-circuits Starting fires
Haiti - January 12, 2010316.000 people lost their livesMagnitude 7.1
Chile - February 27, 2010525 people lost their livesMagnitude 8.8
San Francisco, USA - October 17, 198963 people lost their livesMagnitude 6.9
Tumaco, Colombia - December 12, 1979525 people lost their livesMagnitude: 8.1
Thanks