ISO 8042Submitted by:-

Pranav Kishore

Manu S. Kashyap

Deep Singh

9th semester,

Architecture

Malviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur

ISO 8042

• This International Standard lays down rules for the presentation of important characteristics for

electro-mechanical shock and vibration pick-ups (seismic pick-ups), the electrical outputs

• It is intended as a guide to instrument manufacturers for indicating characteristics of their pick-

ups and as a help to users in selecting a particular type of pick-up or preparing performance

specifications. The intention is to ensure that the user receives an adequate description of the

characteristics of any particular pick-up.

TYPE

The manufacturer shall state whether the output of the pick-upis substantially proportional to the displacement, velocity or acceleration of the vibration or shock input.

TYPE OF MOTION- uniaxial; - multiaxial; - angular.

SENSING ELEMENT

•- strain-sensitive resistance wire, bonded or unbonded;•- resistive potentiometer;•- variable capacitance; - electrokinetic element;•- Piezo resistive element;•- optical element;-magnetostrictive.- variable inductance;•- differential transformer;•- electromagnetic element;•- piezoelectric element;•- electronic tube;•- photoelectric element;

Orientation

The suitability of the pick-up for use in vertical, horizontal and inverted mounting positions shall be stated.

Indication of sensitive direction

The suitability of the pick-up for use in vertical, horizontal and inverted mounting positions shall be stated.

Material

The material of the mounting base and surfaces exposed to its operational environment shall be stated.

Attachment

It shall be indicated whether the pick-upa) is screwed, clamped, cemented, ‘etc. to the vibrating surface, or whether itb) may be hand-held, as for a probe type.

Mounting

The method of mounting and the location and size of the mounting holes or the studs in the pick-up shall be given. Ifscrews are used to mount the pick-up, the mounting torque shall be recommended.

Mass and Moment of Inertia

For uniaxial and multiaxial pick-ups, the mass and centre of gravity of the pick-up should be given; for angular vibrationpick-ups, the moment of inertia, referred to the axis of measurement, should be given. If a pick-up is normally usedabove its natural frequency, the magnitude of the seismic mass should be mentioned.

Positioning of Sensing Element

If applicable, the location of the centre of gravity of the sensing element shall be given. (This information is needed in the calibration of accelerometers on a centrifuge and in other applications where there may be a spatial gradient or a combination of uniaxial and rotational motion in the quantity being measured.)

Connections

If electrical connections between the pick-up and auxiliary equipment are required for its use, their type (e.g. low noise), length, mass, shielding, connection to case and type of COI nectars (if any) shall be stated, together with the recommended method of fixing the cable assembly to avoid unwanted dynamic effects on the pick-up.

Energy Source

The manufacturer shall state whether the pick-up is selfgenerating and, if not, shall indicate the nature of the energizing or polarizing source.

Nature of Output

The nature of the output of the pick-up shall be indicated.Various indications may be useful, for example, as follows :e)that the output is a voltage or, furthermore, that it is a modulated carrier voltage or a frequency-modulated voltageb) that the output is linearly, logarithmically or otherwise related to the input vibration.

Auxiliary Equipment

The manufacturer shall state the type of or certain relevant characteristics of any required auxiliary equipment, for example,as follows ;.-a charge amplifier to convert the charge output of apiezoelectric pick-up to a low impedance voltage;

- a specified input impedance - this may be required for auxiliary equipment such as an impedance convertor.

- a demodulator, used to eliminate the carrier frequency;

-a filter, used to remove undesired signals;

-a biasing voltage or bridge network, used to obtain zero output when a zero value of the motional function is applied;

-certain non-linear devices, used to correct for non-linearity of the output signal;

- integrating and differentiating circuits, their frequency range being stated.A wiring diagram shall be given to enable the pick-up to be correctly connected to the auxiliary equipment.

DefinitionsStrain-sensitive resistance wire :-

These wires are basically having higher value on the response in the terms of Strain, which can be ultimately used for the strain gauge when used in appropriate dimensions.

Bonded or unbonded :-

By bonded it means that the attached sensor is considered as the oart of structure itself and values gained from that sensor is henceforth considered to be the response from the structure.

Resistive potentiometer :-

Potentiometer is basically used for the calibration of the potential difference across the two terminals of the sensors. It is hence forth used in Global Vibration techniques (strain gauge).

DefinitionsVariable capacitance

Variable inductance

Differential transformer :-

These differential transformer are basically those devices which are used to process the received signals from the structure into the observational data which can be taken as digital output to the personal PC in remote monitoring of structures. For ex- Offshore structure.

Electromagnetic element

DefinitionsPiezoelectric element :-

Piezoelectric materials are basically those materials which do generates potential difference across their terminals when they are physically placed under stress or pressure. Hence forth this nature of Piezo electric materials are used in the structural health monitoring using Liang's Generic Equation. In this method evan daming of upto 5 gm mass can be easily detected.

Definitions

Electronic tube

Photoelectric element

Electrokinetic element

Piezo-resistive element

Optical element

Magneto-restrictive

Points to remember

Mass and Moment of Inertia. Position of Sensing elements with

respect to point of observation. Nature of output- in terms of unit and

quantification. Auxiliary equipments.

Characteristics

Measurement range. Sensitivity frequency response. Frequency Range Phase shift, frequency response Damping Transverse Sensitivity

Characteristics

Limits for maximum without damage Linearity and Hysteresis Electrical Impedance

Environmental Effects

Temperature and Humidity effects Thermal Resistants Disturbing acoustic fields Disturbing electromagnetic fields Earth currents Base-strain sensitivity Radiation Exposure.

Conclusion

On the basis of the above discussion it can be concluded very easily that from the architecture point of view, it is very important in the current scenario that performance and seismic evaluation of the structures should must be conducted on genuine level in order to avoid the serious damage to the life and goods.

Conclusion

Moreover, it is also supposed to be taken into consideration that according to the expected coming building by-laws in the recent future, it will be almost mandatory for the check-ups and pick-ups against seismic concern.

References & Bibliography

Building by-laws IS codes et. al., etc.

ThanksFor

The Patience.