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Dynamic Conservation of Globally Important Agricultural Systems
Clelia Maria Puzzo GIAHS Secretariat
Food and Agriculture OrganizationOf the United Nations (FAO)
Email: [email protected]
In 2002 FAO launched the Global Partnership Initiative on conservation and adaptive management of “Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems”, with the aim of protecting some of the most relevant farming systems that hold important genetic resources, including some particularly at risk.
GIAHS Origin: a Global Partnership Initiative
Current GIAHS Member Countries
What are GIAHS?GIAHS are defined as “remarkable land use systems and landscapes which are rich in globally significant biological diversity evolving from the co-adaptation of a community with its environment and its needs and aspirations for sustainable development"
Famers had to establish complex and innovative land use/management practices due to：(a)geographic isolation;(b)fragile ecosystems;(c)limited natural resources;(d)extreme climate conditions.Famers developed a strategy to minimize risks by planting several species/varieties of crops
GIAHS Emerged from…
GIAHS
Biodiversity
Agriculture
Landscape
Culture and Social Organizati
ons
Local livelihoods
Food security
GIAHS ApproachThe GIAHS Programme promotes intervention strategies at three distinct levels:
Global
National Local
GIAHS Criteria for selection
1. Food and livelihood security2. Biodiversity conservation3. Traditional Knowledge and ingenious
practices4. Cultural values5. Landscape features
GIAHS sites around the World1 Rice-fish Culture (CHN)
2 Chiloé Agriculture (CHL)
3 Andean Agriculture (PER)
4 Ifugao Rice Terraces (PHI)
5,6,7 Oases of the Maghreb Region (TUN, ALG, MAR)
8.9 Maasai Pastoral Heritage (KEN, TAN)
10 Shimbue Juu Kihamba Agroforestry（ TAN）11 Dong’s Rice Fish Duck System (CHN）12 Hani Rice Terraces(CHN）13 Wannian Traditional Rice Culture (CHN）14 Saffron Heritage of Kashmir (IND）
15 Sado’s Satoyama in harmony with Crested Ibis（ JPN） 26 Jiaxian Traditional Chinese Date Gardens (CHN)
16 Noto’s Satoyama and Satoumi (JPN) 27 Xinghua Duotian Agrosystem (CHN)
17 Pu’er Traditional Tea Agrosystem (CHN) 28 Fuzhou Jasmine and Tea Culture System (CHN)
18 Aohan Dryland Farming System (CHN） 29 Qanat Irrigated Agricultural Heritage Systems, Kashan (IRI)
19 Traditional Agricultural Systems, Koraput (IND） 30 Traditional Gudeuljang Irrigated Rice Terraces in Cheongsando (KOR)
20 Kuaijishan Ancient Chinese Torreya (CHN） 31 Jeju Batdam Agricultural System (KOR)
21 Urban agricultural heritage – Xuanhua grape garden (CHN） 32 Al Ain and Liwa Historical Date Palm Oasis (UAE)
22 Managing Aso Grasslands for Sustainable Agriculture (JPN） 33 Floating Garden Agricultural System (BAN)
23 Traditional teg-grass integrated system in Shizuoka (JPN） 34 Ayu of the Nagara River System (JPN)
24 Kunisaki Integrated Forestry, Agriculture and Fisheries System (JPN） 35 Minabe-Tanabe Ume System (JPN)
25 Kuttanad Below Sea Level Farming System (IND） 36 Takachihogo-Shiibayama Mountaious Agriculture and Forestry System (JPN)
Article 8j, CBD: “Every contracting party shall (…) respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and promote their wider application with the approval and involvement of the holders of such knowledge, innovations and practices and encourage the equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of such knowledge innovations and practices.”
Article 10c, CBD : “…protect and encourage customary use of biological resources in accordance with traditional cultural practices that are compatible with conservation or sustainable use requirements”Aichi Biodiversity Targets
GIAHS contributes to biodiversity conservation, as established by
CBD
GIAHS concrete Activities in support of dynamic conservation• Promoting national mechanisms for the dynamic conservation of
traditional agricultural systems and their related biodiversity, landscapes, natural resources and traditional practices:
- NIAHS; - action plan; - monitoring systems; - national policies and plans; - Implementation of national strategies to ensure that traditional
varieties are better valued;• Establishing networks for exchange and dissemination of best
practices among the GIAHS sites and with new countries (example: twinning programmes; GIAHS trainings);
• Involvement of local communities in workshops and capacity building activities, to promote exchange of information on the traditional practices with universities, schools, government authorities;
Success story 1: Rice-fish culture in China1. Ministry of Agriculture has adopted and
implemented the National Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (NIAHS). (Overwhelming NIAHS applications were received from over 60 prefectures/counties.)
2. After the designation in 2005: • Rice with GIAHS label sells 60% higher than
similar rice with no label • The number of tourists increased by 100%
in 2008. 3. Model calculation by Liu et al in 2010 shows that rice-fish agriculture • increases net income per ha by 30% • reduces the fertilizer application per ha by 60% • Increases the ecological service value per ha by 100% compared with rice mono-cropping agriculture.
Success Story 2: Chiloé Island, Chile• Labelling of GIAHS products, farms,
hotels, restaurants(registered through the National Institute of Industrial Property);
• Formulation of a national system for the recognition of agricultural heritage sites and support for their dynamic conservation;
• Mechanisms to promote conservation of agro-biodiversity: Government policies and programs (include GIAHS principles in the management of production systems); private initiatives (such as investments to improve productivity and quality of products, through award of funds and projects to small farmers); others.
Opportunities for financial support to GIAHS
List of participating countries Title GEF Grant
Chile, China, Algeria, Peru, Philippines, Tunisia
CBPF: Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) 3,500,000
Bolivia Conservation and Sustainable Use of Agro-biodiversity to Improve Human Nutrition in Five Macro Eco-regions 2,600,000
EcuadorMainstreaming of the Use and Conservation of Agrobiodiversity in Public Policies through Integrated Strategies and In situ Implementation in three Provinces in the Andean Highlands
1,250,000
Philippines Dynamic Conservation and Sustainable use of Agro-Biodiversity in Traditional Agro-ecosystems of the Philippines. 2,182,631
Chile Establish a Network of National Important Agricultural Heritage Sites (NIAHS) 3,046,347
PeruSustainable Management of Agro-Biodiversity and Vulnerable Ecosystems Recuperation in Peruvian Andean Regions Through Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems GIAHS Approach
9,369,864
MexicoSecuring the future of global agriculture facing the threat of climate change, conserving the genetic diversity of the traditional agroecosystems of Mexico
5,329,452
Cuba
Introducción de nuevos enfoques agrícolas para la conservación y el uso sostenible de la Biodiversidad (Introduction of new farming methods for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, including plant and animal genetic resources, in production landscapes in selected areas of Cuba.)
2,973,288
G20 Communiqué, 3 June 2016
8. We support efforts made by the international community to exchange experiences, share knowledge and adopt technology for sustainable agricultural development,and replicate best farming practices conducive to the protection and appropriate utilization of land, forests and water resources. We welcome efforts to extend modelsas appropriate for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, including inheriting and developing good farming practices, such as the FAO’s GloballyImportant Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) initiative. (…)
Thank You!
