Specialty Small Grain Crops: Potential Markets, Challenges,

Varieties and Management

Carl A. Griffey, Wade E. Thomason, Wynse Brooks, and Limei Liu

Virginia Tech

Development and Production of two and six-row Winter Malt Barley in the Eastern U.S.

Wynse Brooks and Mark Vaughn

Malt Barley Market Opportunities

Copper Fox Distillery

Wasmund’sSingle Malt

Whiskey from Thoroughbred

(6 row barley)

VIR Gin from

Endeavor

(2 row barley)shop-whisky-vodka-rum.com

Craft Maltsters / Brewers Location

Cooper Fox Distillery Sperryville, VA

Shenandoah Brewing Alexandria, VA

Star Hill Brewing Co. Crozet, VA

Legend Brewing Richmond, VA

Deer Creek Malthouse Glen Mills, PA

Keystone Malt LLC Philadelphia, PA

Epiphany Craft Malt Durham, NC

Riverbend Malthouse Asheville, NC

Old Dominion Brewing Dover, DE

Malt Barley Market Opportunities:Craft Malt & Micro Brewers in region

Malt Barley Breeding at VT 2014-2015

• Collaborating with breeding programs in 13 states (WA, VA, OR, ID, UT, VT, NE, ND, MN, MT, OH, NY, TX and WI) in the Uniform Winter Malt Barley Trial (UWMBT).

• Entries in the UWMBT are evaluated for malt quality by the USDA-ARS Cereal Crops Research Unit in Madison, WI.

• One 2-row malt barley cultivar (Violetta), develop by LimagrainCereal Seeds and evaluated for 2 years in the UWMBT, is being grown at Virginia Crop Improvement Association’s (VCIA) Foundation seed farm in 2015 to increase seed for potential production in the Eastern U.S.

• A small amount of seed of one potential new Thoroughbred type malt barley cultivar (VA09B-34) is being grown at the VCIA Foundation seed farm in 2015 as potential release candidate.

Winter Malt Barley Germplasm developed and being evaluated by the Virginia Tech

Breeding Program in 2015

Tests Year(2015)

New Crosses 50

Breeding Populations 85

Progeny Rows 704

Doubled Haploid Rows 65

UWMBT 24

Virginia Tech

Current Winter Malt Barley Varieties grown in the Eastern United States

Variety Year Released Developed by

Thoroughbred(Six-row) 2003 VIRGINIA TECH

Charles(Two row) 2005 USDA-ARS, Idaho

Endeavor(Two row) 2007 USDA-ARS, Idaho

Virginia Tech

Agronomic performance and Disease reaction of Thoroughbred versus check varieties in the 2014 Winter Malt

Barley Trial

Parameter Thoroughbred Endeavor Charles

Yield [Bu/ac] 131 112 96

Test Weight [Lb/bu] 47.5 46.7 40.2

Date Headed [Julian] 121 124 120

Leaf Rust [0-9] 6 3 5

Powdery Mildew [0-9] 5 5 0

Netblotch [0-9] 2 2 3

Winter Survival [0-100] 94 80 90

Virginia Tech

Summary of Malting Quality of Thoroughbred versus Check varieties in the WMBT

Parameter Score Lo-Hi Thoroughbred Endeavor Charles

Malt Extract [%] 78-81+ 76.9 80.9 80.2

Protein Content [% dm] 11.8-13.5 13.9 14.0 13.7

Diastatic Power [°ASBC] 110-150 102.5 109.2 156.8

Alpha amylase[20°DU] 40-70 54.4 71.3 102.2

Beta glucan [ppm] 100-120 236.5 162 157.0

Overall quality score 31 38 41

Row type 6 2 2

Analyses performed by the USDA Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI

Virginia Tech

Two year (2013 and 2014) Summary of Agronomic performance and Disease reaction of entries in the UWMBT

at Blacksburg and Warsaw, Virginia .

LineRow Type

Yield Rank

Yield Bu/ac

Test weight (Lb/bu)

Date headed(Julian)

Winter Survival (0-100%)

Leaf rust (0-9)

PowderyMildew

(0-9)

Net blotch (0-9)

Locations (2) (2) (2) (1) (2) (1) (1)

VA10B-43 6 1 132 47.2 117 85 1 1 1

Violetta 2 2 131 48.5 118 89 1 1 3

KWS Joy 2 4 124 44.2 125 95 3 1 1

VA09B-34 6 6 122 48.7 114 92 2 2 2

Thoroughbred 6 7 121 45.3 119 93 7 4 2

McGregor (check) 6 3 125 43.0 120 91 2 3 1

Charles (Check) 2 12 80 37.1 118 91 7 0 2

Mean (n=12) 112 43.4 120 90 4 2 2

LSD (0.05) 9.7 1.2 0.8 4.6 1.0 1.9 1.2

C.V. 12.7 4.2 1.0 5.3 39.3 119.8 55.2

Virginia Tech

Summary of Malting Quality of VA lines versus Check varieties in the WMBT, 2013 harvest

ParameterScore Lo-

Hi VA09B-34 VA10B-43 Thoroughbred ViolettaMcGregor

(Check)Charles (Check)

Malt Extract [%] 78-81+ 74.0 75.3 76.9 78.4 74.3 80.2

Protein Content [% dm] 11.8-13.5 13.8 13.1 13.9 14.6 15.1 13.7

Diastatic Power [°ASBC] 110-150 69.4 53.9 167.5 208.8 70.3 156

Alpha amylase[20°DU] 40-70 53.4 57.5 54.4 64.7 48.3 102.2

Beta glucan [ppm] 100-120 483.7 492.6 236.5 216.3 502.2 157.0

Overall quality score 17 21 32 41 15 41

Row type 6 6 6 2 6 2

Analyses performed by the USDA Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI

Virginia Tech

Malt Barley Disease ManagementWade Thomason and Wynse Brooks

• Control of foliar and head diseases is very important to ensure: High Yields and Good End-Use Quality

LINEYield

(Bu/ac)Test Wt. (Lb/bu) FUNGICIDE

Yield (Bu/ac)

Test Wt. (Lb/bu)

Thoroughbred 101 44.4 None 83 43.4

VA10B-43 99 44.1 Tilt 81 43.0

VA09B-29 97 43.1 Prosaro 87 43.8

Endeavor 88 42.7 Tilt + Prosaro 88 44.2

VA09B-35 85 44.9 Mean 84.8 43.6

VA09B-34 80 44.6 LSD (0.05) 5.6 NS

Novosadski 183 75 44.2

Novosadski 293 75 43.0

Charles 66 39.3

Mean 85.1 43.4

LSD (0.05) 8.9 2.1

Palisade Plant Growth Regulator: Barley

• Preventing lodging will:• Facilitate harvest

• Protect grain yields

• Ensure grain quality

Hard Winter Wheat Variety Development

Vision 45: Released in 2012LCS Wizard: Released in 2013

Vision 30 and Vision 40HRW Wheat Released in 2010

Virginia Tech Small Grains ProgramDr. Limei Liu

Vision30

Vision40

2014 Mennel Bread Baking Evaluation

Exp 21Vision 45

KS061637K-4ControlShirley

Control

VA09HRW64

VA09HRW-64 Performance in UKY and Bluegrass Baking Co: Baguette Baking Tests

Sensory Panel Scores:VA09HRW64 = 75.5Control Flour = 69.0

Dough Mixing Tolerance

3-Year (2012-14) Bread Wheat Elite Test

LineYield

(Bu/A)

Test

Weight

(Lb/Bu)

Heading

Date

(Julian)

Height

(Inch)

Lodging

(0-9)

Powdery

Mildew

(0-9)

Leaf

Rust

(0-9)

Barley

Yellow

Dwarf

(0-9)

FHB

Index

(%)

SHIRLEY (SRW) 90 57.2 122 33 1 0 0 1 7

5187J (SRW) 85 60.3 119 33 3 2 2 1 16

EXP21 85 56.8 125 31 1 0 1 1 11

VISION 45 80 59.0 126 39 1 0 1 2 7

VISION 30 77 58.3 120 34 2 0 3 1 9

VA09HRW-64 77 57.9 121 34 1 1 0 4 13

LCS WIZARD 76 59.6 123 34 1 1 1 1 9

TRIBUTE (SRW) 74 60.6 120 32 2 4 2 3 7

LCS COMPASS 73 60.3 123 38 3 0 1 1 7

SOISSONS 73 57.3 124 31 0 0 3 1 8

Vision 40 72 57.9 123 36 1 2 2 2 12

VISION 20 70 59.2 120 34 2 1 1 2 15

JAGGER 64 58.0 115 33 2 5 1 3 8

KARL 92 60 58.7 119 33 2 1 3 2 11

Mean (N=22) 75.6 58.3 121.3 34.5 1.7 1.1 1.3 1.8 10.2

LSD 6.6 0.8 1.9 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.1 8.4

CV 6.3 1.0 1.1 1.9 46.3 53.1 58.0 46.6 60.0

2014 VT-Bread Wheat Elite Test: 3 Locs

Line

Yield

Rank

Yield

(Bu/A)

Test

Weight

(Lb/Bu)

Heading

Date

(Julian)

Height

(Inches)

Lodging

(0-9)

Powdery

Mildew

(0-9)

Leaf

Rust

(0-9)

Stripe

Rust

React

(0-9)

Stripe

Rust

Sev

(%)

FHB

Index

(%)

Leaf

Blotch

(0-9)

Barley

Yellow

Dwarf

(0-9)

Grain

Protein

(%)

VISION 45 1 91 60.3 133 38 1 0 1 0 1 15 2 1 13.45187J (SRW) 1 91 62.6 129 32 2 1 1 5 8 41 2 0 13.3EXP21 4 86 58.3 133 29 0 0 1 0 5 28 2 1 13.0VA09HRW-64 4 86 59.0 133 32 0 0 1 6 10 33 2 2 13.0VA11HWW-117 5 85 61.3 131 33 1 0 2 0 5 16 2 1 13.3

SHIRLEY (SRW) 5 85 57.9 131 31 0 0 0 9 28 13 2 1 12.6

VA11HWW-113 7 83 61.7 131 33 0 1 3 0 5 23 2 1 12.9VA11HRW-105 7 83 61.1 129 32 1 1 1 6 18 11 3 2 14.0

TRIBUTE (SRW) 9 81 62.2 130 32 2 2 2 0 10 18 2 4 13.3

SOISSONS 14 76 58.7 132 30 0 0 5 0 3 21 2 0 13.1VISION 40 14 76 59.1 131 33 1 1 2 3 15 26 3 2 12.7LCS WIZARD 14 76 61.0 131 32 1 1 2 3 15 21 3 0 13.2VISION 30 15 75 60.1 131 32 1 0 3 9 20 20 2 0 13.9

VISION 20 16 74 61.4 130 31 1 1 1 0 5 32 3 1 13.8

JAGGER 18 72 60.5 126 32 1 4 4 0 3 24 3 3 13.3

KARL 92 20 69 60.9 129 32 1 1 4 3 10 25 3 0 13.8MEAN (N=54) 79.0 60.1 129.7 32.0 0.6 0.7 1.4 1.9 8.5 21.5 2.7 0.8 13.3LSD (0.05) 5.4 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.5 1.2 3.9 7.1 17.8 0.6 1.9 0.4CV (%) 8.3 1.6 0.7 3.2 143.1 93.3 89 99.3 41.8 41.2 13.4 137.9 3.8

2014 Uniform Bread Wheat TrialTest

Weight

Heading

Date

Plant

Height

Plant

Lodging

Leaf

Rust

Powdery

Mildew

S. nodorum

Leaf Blotch

Hessian

Fly

Grain

Protein

Kernel

Hardnes

bu/a rank lb/bu Julian in 0-9 0-9 0-9 1-9 0-9 % score

Shirley (SRW) 80 1 55.0 130 32 2 1 0 4 4 11.4 10

VA11HWW-113 74 2 58.4 129 37 2 1 2 5 5 11.2 69

USG 3120 (SRW) 72 6 57.1 124 34 3 1 1 6 4 11.6 16

VA11HWW-117 71 8 57.9 129 36 3 1 1 5 4 11.4 70

LCS Wizard 70 9 57.1 130 33 2 1 2 5 3 11.7 63

VA09HRW-64 70 12 56.6 128 33 3 1 4 5 5 12.2 60

Vision 45 69 15 56.8 133 39 3 1 0 4 6 12.1 51

NuEast 69 16 59.3 128 37 2 1 3 6 4 11.9 57

VA11HRW-105 69 17 57.5 126 33 3 1 4 6 5 12.0 57

Everest 68 19 59.2 124 32 2 1 2 7 4 11.5 59

Appalachian White 68 21 57.6 130 36 4 1 1 4 4 12.1 58

LCS Mint 68 22 57.9 128 35 3 2 5 5 5 11.3 51

Vision 30 67 23 56.3 129 34 3 2 0 4 4 12.7 59

Mean (N=41) 67.7 57.0 128.5 33.8 2.4 0.9 1.1 5.0 4.3 11.9 54.6

LSD (0.05) 5.2 1.1 1.8 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.7 1.7 1.2 0.5 3.4

CV (%) 13.9 3.3 1.7 4.8 46.2 76.6 142.7 28.4 21.1 4.6 7.1

Number of locations 18 17 8 13 9 4 5 4 3 8 7

YieldLine

20

Winter Durum Variety Development

VT-Durum Yield Test: 2yr Means (2013-14)

LineYield

(Bu/A)

Test

Weight

(Lb/Bu)

Heading

Date

(Julian)

Plant

Height

(Inches)

Plant

Lodging

(0-9)

Powdery

Mildew

(0-9)

FHB

Index

(%)

Protein

(%)

SHIRLEY (SRW) 94 56.0 129 31 1 0 34 12.2

Vision 30 (HRW) 81 57.1 127 33 2 0 27 13.3

VA05WD-12 61 57.4 131 35 4 3 50 14.1

KanDur 1114 56 57.6 128 29 2 1 47 14.0

VA05WD-42 56 57.6 131 33 4 4 67 14.0

KanDur 1116 56 56.0 127 30 2 2 54 12.8

LUNADUR 54 57.2 133 32 2 3 49 13.8

VA05WD-16 53 58.2 131 33 2 3 48 14.2

SNOWGLENN 52 59.5 131 32 5 3 59 14.2

KanDur 1120 52 56.0 129 28 5 4 50 14.3

KanDur 1104 51 56.9 129 30 2 1 66 14.0

KanDur 1112 51 57.8 128 28 2 1 52 14.1

GRAND MEAN 59.7 57.3 129.4 31.2 2.7 2.1 50.3 13.8

CV (%) 7.5 2.7 1.2 2.9 32.1 19.0 17.8 3.3

LSD (0.05) 8.0 2.8 2.8 1.6 1.5 0.7 16.0 0.8

Mean + LSD 67.8 60.0 132.2 32.8 4.2 2.8 66.3 14.6

Mean - LSD 51.7 54.5 126.6 29.5 1.1 1.4 34.2 12.9

No. environments 5 5 4 4 4 3 2 4

Durum wheat delivered in 2012 to Miller Milling Co. in Winchester, VA

Grain from two durum populations grown in scab nursery at Mt. Holly

2015 VT-Durum Wheat Breeding Pipeline

Test No. of Lines

Observation Yield Test 164

Progeny Rows (F5-F6) 2240

Populations : Total No. 113

F5 6

F4 12

F3 20

F2 75

New Crosses: F1 Rows 250

Limei Liu Carl Griffey

Subas Malla Wynse Brooks

John Seago Wade Thomason

CJ Lin

Bob Pitman David Dunaway

Mark Vaughn Robin Markham

Mary Beahm Lin Barrack

David Marshall Jill Karalis

Myron Fountain

Gina Brown-Guedira

Acknowledgements

EVAREC

VSGB

Miller MillingCompany