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Research shows that college freshmen face a real challenge when they first conduct research at the college level. Despite their high levels of confidence, the reality is that many of them lack information literacy skills to find and access academic resources and scholarly information, in turn hindering their academic careers. Where are students struggling with information literacy? How are students using sources in higher ed? And how have K-12 librarians tackled this issue to better prepare their students for research in higher education? This informational presentation will discuss what we have learned from both external studies as well as our own data analysis from EasyBib's 40 million users.
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DON’T FALL INTO THE GAP Understanding Information Literacy Struggles Between High School & Higher Ed.
We are Imagine Easy Solutions,
a tiny company with big ideas.
How do students approach research?
EVERY 60 SECONDS:
1.8 million “likes” “What Happens Online in 60 Seconds?” Qmee.
6/1/12
2,000,000 search queries
“What Happens Online in 60 Seconds?” Qmee.
6/1/12
278,000 tweets “What Happens Online in 60 Seconds?” Qmee.
6/1/12
20 million Flickr views
“Bridging the Gap: Preparing High School Students for College Level Research.”
“High school students are often not allowed enough time to do in-depth research. Students are often told what to learn rather than asked to conduct self-directed research. Standardized testing at the K-12 level makes it difficult for teachers to emphasize information literacy skills.”
“Are They Ready? Exploring Student Information Literacy Skills in the Transition From Secondary to Tertiary Education.”
Students often “get by with Google” in high school.
19x more databases
Academic libraries have
than the average high school library.
9x more books/journals
“Learning the Ropes: How Freshmen Conduct Course Research Once They Enter College.”
“Are They Ready? Exploring Student Information Literacy Skills in the Transition From Secondary to Tertiary Education.”
College freshmen are overly confident with research skills.
Bad experience in the library = less likely to use it.
40% of college students have never used their library's website. “Perceptions of Libraries, 2010: Context and Community.”
Case in point:
Of those who have not used it….
23% believe other websites have better information (!) “Perceptions of Libraries, 2010: Context and Community.”
Wikipedia – 8% Yahoo! Answers – 7% eNotes – 3% Answers.com – 3% OPPapers – 3%
“The Sources in Student Writing – Secondary Education. Turnitin.”
Where are they going?
1!
2!
3!
4!
5!
Secondary, 2011-2012
6/1/12
“The Sources in Student Writing – Higher Education. Turnitin.”
Wikipedia – 11% Oppapers – 4% SlideShare – 4% Course Hero – 4% Scribd – 3%
What are they citing?
1!
2!
3!
4!
5!
Higher Ed., 2011-2012
6/1/12
EasyBib data.
What Students Think of Wikipedia
"Both Sides Now: Librarians Looking at Information Literacy from High School and College."
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0%-‐20% 21%-‐40% 41%-‐60% 61%-‐80% 81%-‐100%
K-‐12 Academic
0 2 4 6 8
10 12 14 16 18
Short quotes
Long quotes In-text citations
Relevance Use of quotes as
filler
Recognize publication
bias
Include Cultural context
First-year English Composition N = 16 Senior Capstone N = 16
“Information Literacy Learning Outcomes and Student Success.”
But it’s not so bad!
“Are They Ready? Exploring Student Information Literacy Skills in the Transition From Secondary to Tertiary Education.”
Areas of Understanding
Boolean Operators • 38.6% understood “AND”
functions
Website Credibility • ~25% selected 3 correct
characteristics • Almost all selected at
least one
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
First-year English Composition N = 16 Senior Capstone N = 16
“Information Literacy Learning Outcomes and Student Success.”
Areas of Understanding
“Information Literacy Learning Outcomes and Student Success.”
Sources Used in Student Writing
Freshmen used: • LexisNexis Academic • Quick Search (federated search) • Academic Search Premier • Library catalog
Sources Used in Student Writing
Seniors used: • Academic Search Premier • Library catalog • JSTOR • Montana Rules of Civil Procedure • Science Direct • Business Search Premier
“Information Literacy Learning Outcomes and Student Success.”
What can we do?
There are solutions!
“Train the Trainers” Information literacy for educators
Why? ü CCSS ü Familiarity ü Comfort
levels
“Bridging the Gap: Preparing High School Students for College Level Research.”
6/1/12
Collaborate!
6/1/12
High school learning outcomes
“Bridging the Gap for Information Literacy: Connecting High Schools, Colleges and the Workforce.”
Common Ground
Task definition
Source selection
Information access
Make connections, draw conclusions
Ethical writing and presentation
Reflect on research
1!
2!
3!
4!
5!
6!
• Discussion forum of K-12 and academics
• Document covering IL skills between H.S. and college
• Shared with teachers and parents
• Visit each other’s learning environments
Academic K-‐12
Committees
Easing the High School to College Transition: Creating an Information Literacy Continuum. Educator's Spotlight Digest.
6/1/12
• Library media specialists
• High school English teacher
• University librarians
• Instructional designer
http://helios.weber.edu “HeLIOS: Bridging the Information Literacy Gap from High School to University.”
Academic K-‐12
Curriculum Collaboration
6/1/12
“Bridging the Gap: Preparing High School Students for College Level Research.”
Collaborate!
Visit academic libraries • LC classification • Inter-library loan • Subject specialists • Breadth of resources • Virtual reference
Twitter • #infolit • #libchat • #highered
Connect!
LinkedIn • Groups • Follow local colleges • Explore your network
Connect!
List Servs • infolit-l • K-20 collaboration • lists.ala.org/sympa
Connect!
6/1/12
Understand the Struggles
“Coming up with keywords”
“Sorting through irrelevant results”
“Identifying and selecting sources”
Cloud made using Tagxedo
In Summary
Works Cited Ashbridge, Carole. Bridging the Gap for Information Literacy: Connecting High Schools, Colleges and the Workforce. Watertown, NY: Connections
Abound, 2010. PDF. http://connectionsabound.com/Bridging the Gap.pdf Bayliss, Sarah. "Students Wary of Wikipedia But Still Use for Research, Study Finds." School Library Journal. Library Journal, 1 Oct. 2013. Web. 25 Apr. 2014.
<http://www.slj.com/2013/10/research/easybib-survey-students-wary-of-wikipedia-but-still-use-for-research/#_>. De Rosa, Cathy, Joanne Cantrell, Matthew Carlson, Peggy Gallagher, Janet Hawk, and Charlotte Sturtz. Perceptions of Libraries, 2010: Context and
Community. Rep. Ed. Brad Gauder. OCLC, 2011. Web. 29 Mar. 2012. EasyBib Student Survey. June 2013. Raw data. Imagine Easy Solutions, LLC, New York, NY. Head, Alison J., and Michael B. Eisenberg. Truth Be Told: How College Students Evaluate and Use Information in the Digital Age. Seattle: Project
Information Literacy, 1 Nov. 2010. PDF. http://projectinfolit.org/images/pdfs/pil_fall2010_survey_fullreport1.pdf Head, Alison J. Learning the Ropes: How Freshmen Conduct Course Research Once They Enter College. Rep. Project Information Literacy, 5 Dec. 2013.
Web. 13 Feb. 2014. Kasowitz-Scheer, Abby. Easing the High School to College Transition: Creating an Information Literacy Continuum. Educator's Spotlight Digest, Winter
2007. PDF. http://www.informationliteracy.org/users_data/admin/V2I1-college.pdf Kinikin, JaNae. HeLIOS: Bridging the Information Literacy Gap from High School to University. Ogden, UT: Weber State University, 21 Apr. 2010. PDF. http://
www.mpla.us/documents/handouts/2010/kinikin.pdf Learning the Ropes: How Freshmen Conduct Course Research Once They Enter College. Rep. Project Information Literacy, 5 Dec. 2013. Web. 16 Apr. 2014.
<http://projectinfolit.org/images/pdfs/pil_2013_freshmenstudy_fullreport.pdf>.
Works Cited Nix, Donna E., Marianne Hageman, and Janice Kragness. Information Literacy and the Transition from High School to College. Publication. University of St.
Thomas, Minnesota, 1 June 2011. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. Salisbury, Fiona, and Sharon Karasmanis. "Are They Ready? Exploring Student Information Literacy Skills in the Transition from Secondary to Tertiary
Education." Australian Academic & Research Libraries 41.1 (2011): 43-58. Print. Samson, Sue. "Information Literacy Learning Outcomes and Student Success." The Journal of Academic Librarianship 36.3 (2010): 202-10. ScienceDirect.
Web. 2 Mar. 2013. Schein, Christine, Linda Conway, Rebecca Harner, Sue Byerley, and Shelley Harper. "Bridging the Gap: Preparing High School Students for College Level
Research." Colorado Libraries 36.1 (2011). 2011. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. http://coloradolibrariesjournal.org/content/bridging-gap-preparing-high-school-students-college-level-research
Schroeder, Robert. "Both Sides Now: Librarians Looking at Information Literacy from High School and College." Educator's Spotlight Digest 4.1 (2009): 5
Pp. ERIC. Web. 28 Mar. 2013. The Sources in Student Writing – Higher Education. Rep. Turnitin, Jan. 2013. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. http://pages.turnitin.com/
sources_in_writing_he_2012.html The Sources in Student Writing – Secondary Education. Rep. Turnitin, Jan. 2013. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. <http://pages.turnitin.com/
sources_in_writing_sec_2012.html> "What Happens Online in 60 Seconds? [Infographic]." Qmee. Qmee, 24 July 2013. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. <http://blog.qmee.com/qmee-online-in-60-
seconds/>.
Title image © Utah State Library (Flickr, CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) Students in library © Mary Woodard (Flickr, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) Google Lego © Antonio Manfredonio (Flickr, CC BY-SA 2.0) Twitter © Scott Beale (Flickr, BY CC-NC-ND 2.0) Photographer © Wikicommonuser (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.5) Students at computer © Berkeley Lab (Flickr, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) Students in classroom © Bard College at Simon’s Rock (Flickr, CC BY-NC 2.0) Female student with laptop © CollegeDegrees360 (Flickr, CC BY-SA 2.0) Female student in stacks © Tulane Public Relations (Flickr, CC BY 2.0) Frustrated © Sybren Stüvel (Flickr, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) Thumbs up © Sarah Reid (Flickr, CC BY 2.0) Male student with computer © Thompson Rivers University (Flickr, CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) Handwriting © (Flickr, CC BY-SA 2.0) Collaboration © Josie Holford (Flickr, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) Question mark © Stefan Baudy (Flickr, Attribution 2.0 Generic CC License) Research box-man © Nomadic Lass (Flickr, CC BY-SA 2.0) Social media © Jason Howie (Flickr, CC BY 2.0) All other images are public domain.
Image References
Emily Gover [email protected] @Emily_EasyBib
Rachel Wolfe [email protected] (212) 675-6738 ext.019
Bibliography: tinyurl.com/NYLASSLeasybib
content.easybib.com
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