28
May Allah bless you all ! Cross Cultural Communication

Does society affect language?

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Does society affect language?

May Allah bless you all !

Cross Cultural Communication

Page 2: Does society affect language?

DOES SOCIETY AFFECT LANGUAGE?

Presented BY

Asif Mushtaq

Page 3: Does society affect language?

What is Language?

Language has been defined as a phenomena or a

systematic way to communicate effectively

with other speakers.

Page 4: Does society affect language?

What is Society?

Society is a group of people or community living together

and sharing a set of norms .

Page 5: Does society affect language?

RELATION BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND SOCIETYLanguage and society are complimentary to each other; its difficult to imagine one without considering other.

The connection between language and society is tightly anchored. The relationship of the two is deep rooted. Language performs various functions in the society and the society does the same way. If one does not exist, the other one will be affected.

Page 6: Does society affect language?

Language is the primary tool for communication purposes, for establishing peace and order in our society, for showing authority and power, and for attaining goals and objectives. But, it can also destruct the society if it is used inappropriately. It must follow the conformity governing the society to avoid conflicts and to meet the boundary of individual differences.Society however controls our language by giving us preferences as what are acceptable and not, because each one of us has our own perception or point of view. A group of people may accept our language, but for others, it could be kind of offence or insult. We must know how, when and where to say it and for what purpose.

Page 7: Does society affect language?

Social changes produce changes in language. This affects values in ways that have not been accurately understood. Language incorporates social values. However, social values are only the same as linguistic values when the society is a stable and unchanging one. Once society starts changing, then language change produces special effects.

Page 8: Does society affect language?

Number of Languages Being Spoken

According to a rough estimate, today, about 6, 900 languages are spoken throughout the world – more than 2 000 languages in Africa, 1 000 in the Americas, more than 2, 250 in Asia, about 220 in Europe, and more than 1300 in Australia. ( Dawn News)

Page 9: Does society affect language?

To what extent does society influence languageBorrowingCoining SpellingPronunciation

Page 10: Does society affect language?

LIVING LANGUAGES

The process of loaning words from other languages is a sign of a living and progressing language.

Thus it is a foregone conclusion that society has great contribution to keep languages alive enriching the vocabulary by borrowing, coining, variation in pronunciation and by changing spellings. Languages would die if society didn’t want them to be used.

Page 11: Does society affect language?

Borrowing of WordsEnglish has borrowed words from as many as 120 languages including Urdu. This is, perhaps, one of the reasons why English has one of the richest vocabularies among the world languages . Thus it is a living language of today . Some of the major influences are mentioned below.

Page 12: Does society affect language?

Borrowing Languages don’t borrow words

from one another in a haphazard way but rather under particular conditions.

To trace the history of borrowing of words is to trace the history of people; where they settled and whom they conquered and who conquered them or their religion and development of society.

Page 13: Does society affect language?

Borrowing from Latin & French Words borrowed by English from Latin for religion: Mass, creed , bishop, monk etc. It was the language of their church. When Normans conquered England in 1066

Words borrowed from French for Feudal society, Law and Government & Food:

Castle, court, prince , Jury, prison, crime country, state , nation, angel, religion, saint, beef ,

pork. Many thousands of words were borrowed as French was

thought to be the language of power and prestige .

Page 14: Does society affect language?

Borrowing from Greece & UrduWords borrowed from Greece: Accurate , dental, specimen, vacuum. Words borrowed from Urdu: Sufi, Sahib, charpoy, dungarees,

jungle English people borrowed words from

almost all languages to enrich their language to meet their needs while staying at a particular place.

Page 15: Does society affect language?

Urdu Borrowed words from EnglishUrdu borrowed a lot of words from English

as it is the language of the dominant at the moment.

Court ,Alarm, album, bank, bureaucracy, depot, coffee, car, code, committee, conference, majesty, computer, mobile, TV, documents, factory, town, technology, clock, college ,road etc.

Society borrows words because of the unavailability of those words in their own languages as nothing is constant but change.

Page 16: Does society affect language?

Blend of Urdu & English We see a copious blending of Urdu and

English with phrases “shaandaar offer”, “aur haasil kijiye amazing discounts”, “fun ko on karo”  “raho connected everyday”.

Such blend is mostly seen on billboards and advertisements to attract the consumers. 

Page 17: Does society affect language?

Arabic words in UrduThis list contains 1,546 pure Arabic words most of them are Quranic words.

Ayat (Quranic verse), bait (house), azeem (great), barq (thunder), jahil (illiterate), jannat (heaven), jamal (beauty), jaib (pocket), jehad (holy war), dakhil (interior), jurm (crime), dalil (proof), deen (religion), ambiya (prophets), ahim (important),

Page 18: Does society affect language?

Common words in Urdu & Turkish

The most interesting part of this research is that the list of 2,608 words common in Turkish and Urdu only contains 24 words which are pure Turkish. The rest are either Arabic, Persian or English words used commonly by Turks and Urdu speakers.

Page 19: Does society affect language?

Urdu borrowed Turkish words Words purely Turkish Urdu, Begam, Baji, Quli, jouq dar

jouq,yalghar,Qanchi, Qanaat, Aailchi ,

Chougha

Page 20: Does society affect language?

CoiningCoining : Creating something new, usually something related to

language. For example, you could coin a phrase or a new word. 

Coining words is an English literary tradition. William Shakespeare was an avid neologist. Some words that we still use today, and many others that we don't, made their first appearance in one of his plays. 

Onomatopoeia, a modified kind of coining, is defined as a word, which imitates the natural sounds of a thing. It creates a sound effect that mimics the thing described, making the description more expressive and interesting.

“whisper” not only represents the sound of people talking quietly, but also describes the action of people talking quietly.

Tinkle, Buzz, Pop, Cuckoo, splash, gush, sprinkle, drizzle, drip etcAnimal noises : Moo, Bow-wow, Meow,

Page 21: Does society affect language?

SELFIE ‘SELFIE’ is one of the best examples how society invents new words to suit the purpose. Coining, therefore is a tool used by society to keep any language alive.

Grandfie , Chalkie , Guluism, Funbatbulous

Page 23: Does society affect language?

Influence of Society on Spelling Most words of this kind came

from Latin, where the ending was spelled -or. They were first adopted into English from early Old French, and the ending was spelled -or or -ur. After the Norman conquest of England, the ending became -our to match the Old French spelling. ( Concise Dictionary)

Page 24: Does society affect language?

Webster’s VS Johnson’s

Webster's 1828 dictionary had only -or and is given much of the credit for the adoption of this form in the United States.

Johnson's 1755 dictionary used -our for all words still so spelled in Britain (like colour), but also for words where the u has since been dropped

  Ambassadour, emperour, governour, perturbatour, inferiour, superiour;errour, horrour, mirrour, tenour, terrour, tremour.

Johnson, unlike Webster, was not an advocate of spelling reform, but chose the spelling best derived

Page 25: Does society affect language?

PronunciationVerbs ending in –ate Most 2-syllable verbs ending -

ate have first-syllable stress in AmE and second-syllable stress BrE

 castrate, cremate, dictate, donate, locate, 

migrate, narrate,  prostrate, rotate,  striate, 

translate, vacate

Page 26: Does society affect language?

PronunciationAmericans pronounce ‘r’ at the end of a

word while British people do not. Brother , Sir, park, sharp, jar Americans change /a:/ in /æ/ /ɔː/ in /a:/ Cant /kænt/ Talk /ta:k/ Neutral pronunciation Assume, Assumption, Comparison, consumer,

consumption, Suggestion, Purpose, tomb, leisure, pleasure, treasure, measure, engine, agree, agreement, entertainment, truth, canal, asthma, Photography, alternative , energy, chase, Gourmet , chocolate, breakfast

Page 27: Does society affect language?

SUMMARY To recapitulate, I strongly believe that

society has an everlasting impact on language to let it live . The languages which are neglected by the society, they loose their attraction and die out with the passage of time.

‘IT TAKES A VILLAGE TO RAISE A CHILD’

Language is a baby brought up society.

Page 28: Does society affect language?