Prof (Col) Rajive Kohli, Ph.D.10 February 2015 from 12.45 p.m. to 2:15 p.m

9910744340 kohli9r@gmail.com

UGC-Academic Staff College01st 3-week Refresher course in Disaster Management (ID) from 09 February to 02 March 2015

I. CHARACTER. Honesty, integrity, truth, health,

helpful, kindness, well wisher, positive, being good, cooperative, constructive, moral, ethical, honorable, upright, fair, sincere, humble, virtuous,

II. HARDWORK. Action, active, doing, proactive,

industrious, zeal, laborious, conscientious, diligent, persevere, perform, change agent,

III.KNOWLEDGE. Learning, awareness, reading, study,

information, understanding, comprehension, education, expertise, grasp, facts, insight, grasp, observation, scholarship, theory, proficiency

DISASTER

DISASTER alphabetically means-

D – Destructions

I – Incidents

S – Sufferings

A – Administrative

S – Sentiments

T – Tragedies

E – Eruption of Communicable Diseases

R – Research programme and its Implementation

DEFINATION“a sudden accident or a natural catastrophe that causes great damage or loss of life” (Oxford dictionary)

“a catastrophic, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or man-made cause, or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of property, or damage to, or degradation of, environment, and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area” (Disaster Management Act 2005)

A Disaster is an event or series of events, which gives rise to casualties and damage or loss of properties, infrastructure, environment, essential services or means of livelihood on such a scale which is beyond the normal capacity of the affected community to cope with.

DEFINITION OF DISASTER

A disaster is a natural or man-made

hazard resulting in an event of

substantial extent causing significant

physical damage or destruction, loss of

life, or drastic change to

the environment.

Disaster = 𝒗𝒖𝒍𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚+𝒉𝒂𝒛𝒂𝒓𝒅

𝒄𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚

DISASTER dimensions– Disruption to normal pattern of life, usually

severe and may also be sudden, unexpected

and widespread

– Human effects like loss of life, injury, hardship

and adverse effect on health

– Effect on social infrastructure such as

destruction of or damage to government

systems, buildings, communications and

essential services

– Community needs such shelter, food,clothing, medical assistance and social care.

Impact of Disasters

• Direct effects include deaths, injuries and physical damage.

• Secondary disaster impacts such as releasing fire or hazardous material that is triggered by disasters.

• Indirect impacts include the ripple effect resulting from the flow of goods, services, unemployment etc.

GENERAL EFFECTS OF DISASTER

LOSS OF LIFE.

INJURY, ILLNESS, DISEASE

DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY.

DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF PRODUCTION.

DISRUPTION OF LIFESTYLE.

LOSS OF LIVELIHOOD.

DISRUPTION TO ESSENTIAL SERVICES.

DAMAGE TO NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE.

DISRUPTION TO GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEMS.

NATIONAL ECONOMIC LOSS.

SOCIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL AFTER EFFECT.

ENVIRONMENTAL DISRUPTION

CHARACTERISTIC OF DISASTER

• Predictability • Controllability• Speed of onset• Length of

forewarning• Duration of impact• Scope and intensity of

impact

PHASES OF DISASTER

Pre-impact phase

Impact phase

Post-impact phase

TYPES OF DISASTER

Natural Disasters

Meteorological

Topographical

Environmental

Man-made Disasters

Technological

Industrial accidents

Security related

Disasters occur in varied forms

•Some are predictable in advance•Some are annual or seasonal•Some are sudden and unpredictable

Floods Days and weeksEarthquakes Seconds/minutesCyclones DaysDroughts Months

NATURAL DISASTER

• A natural disaster is a consequence when a natural calamity affects humans and/or the built environment.

• Various disasters like earthquake, landslides, volcanic eruptions, flood and cyclones are natural hazards

MAN MADE DISASTER

• Airplane crashes and terrorist attacks are examples of man-made disasters.

• they cause pollution, kill people, and damage property.

Why is this important?

Natural disasters are important, because they don’t only effect buildings and land, they affect human beings. They can severely injure or kill. They tare families apart.

Natural disasters caused the death of 295,000 people in 2010

Who is effected?Natural disasters can effect everyone,

everywhere. Even if it didn’t happen in your state or area, the cost effects the nation as a whole.

In 2009, natural disasters cost insurers about $110 billion. In 2010, the cost was double that, at $218 billion.

The Effects

10,000 people have died in Japan’s latest Tsunami/earthquake

Katrina caused about $81 billion dollars in property damage

alone

80% of New Orleans was

flooded, with some parts under

15 feet of water. total property

damage was estimated at $81

billion

There were about 454,000

living in metropolitan New

Orleans in 2001. Only this

year has New Orleans

recently surpassed 350,000

citizens.

• Many organizations that

are based around helping,

supporting, and rescuing

victims, are places that

you can donate to and

where they raise money.

How to Prevent• Natural disaster are something that can

not be stopped, or prevented, but we can do some thing's before and after disasters to help reduce the amount of trauma caused by these disasters.

Ways to Help:

• Donate to organizations that deal with natural disaster relief

• Volunteer with these organizations

• Help rebuild cities

The Aftermath• Natural disasters don't just create

damage when it hits. The effects after can be worse. Many of them can cause lose ground, creating landslides. Some can start fires in your homes, also it can cause the loss of everything you know.

Something needs to be done…

Distinction between Hazard and Disaster :

“A hazard is a natural event while the disasteris its consequence. A hazard is a perceivednatural event which threatens both life andproperty….a disaster is a realization of thishazard…”

– John Whittow, Disaster. 1980

Water and Climate related disasters• Floods and Drainage Management

• Cyclones

• Tornadoes and Hurricanes

• Hailstorm

• Cloud Burst

• Heat Wave and Cold Wave

• Snow Avalanches

• Droughts

• Sea Erosion

• Thunder & Lightning

• Tsunami

Geologically related disasters

• Landslides and Mudflows

• Earthquakes

• Dam Failures/ Dam Bursts.

• Mine Fires

Earthquake

Chemical, Industrial & Nuclear related disasters

• Chemical and Industrial Disasters

• Nuclear Disasters

Accident related disasters• Forest Fires

• Urban Fires

• Mine Flooding

• Oil Spill

• Major Building Collapse

• Serial Bomb Blasts

• Festival related disasters

• Electrical Disasters & Fires

• Air, Road and Rail Accidents.

• Boat Capsizing.

• Village Fire

Biologically related disasters

• Biological Disasters and Epidemics

• Pest Attacks

• Cattle Epidemics

• Food Poisoning

WHY? And WHAT about

Man made Disasters?

Manmade Disasters

• Urban fires • Village fire • Mine fires• Air, road and rail accidents• Boat capsizing • Electrical disasters • Chemical and industrial

disasters• Nuclear disasters• Mine flooding• Oil spill• Major building collapse• Serial bomb blasts• Festival related disasters

civil strife

communal violence

internal conflict,

“complex emergencies”

rapid or slow onset types

COMPLEX DISASTERSurbanisation chaotic growth

policy disasters

war and civil strife

Social violence

THESE ARE THE TIMES WHEN EVERYONE HAS TO HELP OUT

DISASTER MANAGEMENTThe body of policy and administration decisions and

operational activities that pertain to various stages

of a disaster at all levels.

An applied science which seek, by systematic

observation and analysis of disasters, to improve

measures relating to prevention, mitigation,

preparedness, emergency response and recovery.

Encompass all aspects of planning for and

responding to disasters, including both pre and post

disaster activities.

... Contd.

a continuous and integrated process of planning, organising, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary or expedient for:

(i) Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster;

(ii) Mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences;

(iii) Capacity-building;

(iv) Preparedness to deal with any disaster;

(v) Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster;

(vi) Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster; evacuation, rescue and relief;

(vii) Rehabilitation and reconstruction;

(Disaster Management Act, 2005)

The traditional approach to disaster management has been to regard it as a number of phased sequences of action or a continuum.

These can be represented as a disaster management cycle.

The basic disaster management cycle consists of six main activities.

• Prevention

• Mitigation

• Preparedness

• Response

• Rehabilitation

• Reconstruction

Six elements that defines the complete approach to

Disaster Management.

DISASTER MANGEMENT CYCLE

1. DISASTER

PREPAREDNESS• Planning

2. PERSONAL MITIGATION• Structural measures

• Non-structural measures

3. RESPONSE• Search

• Rescue

• Fulfilling humanitarian needs

4. RECOVERY• Bring affected area and people back

to normal

PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• Disaster management is the responsibility of all spheres of government

• Disaster management should use resources that exist for a day-to-day purpose.

• Organizations should function as an extension of their core business

• Individuals are responsible for their own safety.

• Disaster management planning should focus on large-scale events.

Contd….

• Disaster management planning should recognize the difference between incidents and disasters.

• Disaster management operational arrangements are additional to and do not replace incident management operational arrangements

• Disaster management planning must take account of the type of physical environment and the structure of the population.

• Disaster management arrangements must recognise the involvement and potential role of non- government agencies.

Integrated

Disaster

Management

Prepared-

ness

Response

Recovery

Mitigation

Activities prior to a disaster.• Preparedness plans• Emergency exercises• Training,• Warning systems

Activities that reduce effects of disasters• Building codes &

zoning• Vulnerability

analyses• Public education

Activities following a disaster.• Temporary housing• Claims processing• Grants• Medical care

Activities during a disaster.• Public warning

systems• Emergency

operations• Search & rescue

PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Disaster Preparedness

Disaster impact

Disaster Response

Rehabilitation

Disaster Mitigation

Disaster Preparedness

• It involves measures to ensure that communities and services are capable of coping with the effect of disaster.

Disaster preparedness

Preparedness should be in the form of money, manpower and materials

• Evaluation from past experiences about risk • Location of disaster prone areas • Organization of communication, information and

warning system • Ensuring co-ordination and response

mechanisms • Development of public education programme • Co-ordination with media • National & international relations • Keeping stock of foods, drug and other essential

commodities.

E.g.: Indian Meteorological department (IMD) plays a key role in forewarning the disaster of cyclone-storms by detection tracing. It has 5 centres in Kolkata, Bhubaneswar, Vishakapatanam, Chennai & Mumbai. In addition there are 31 special observation posts setup a long the east coast of India.

The International Agencies which provides humanitarian assistance to the disaster strike areas are United Nation agencies.

Office for the co-ordination of Humanitarian Affair (OCHA) World Health Organization (WHO) UNICEF World Food Programme (WFP) Food & Agricultural Organisation (FAD)

E.g.: Non Governmental Organizations • Co-Operative American Relief Every where (CARE) • International committee of Red cross • International committee of Red cross

EXAMPLE FOR DISASTERPREPAREDNESS

1. Community awareness and education

2. Proper warning system

3. Mutual aid arrangement

4. Mock drill, training practice

Disaster impact

Disaster response

• Epidemiologic surveillance and disease control

• Vaccination • Nutrition

Disaster Response

It involves measures taken

in anticipation of, during

and immediately after a

disaster to ensure that the

effects are minimized.

EXAMPLE FOR DISASTERRESPONSE

1. Implementing the disaster management plan

2. Setting up medical camps and mobilizing resources

3. Providing adequate shelter and sanitary facilities

4. Development of search and rescue team

Disaster Recovery

It involves measures, which support emergency

affected areas in reconstruction of the physical

infrastructure and restoration of economic and

emotional well being.

EXAMPLE FOR DISASTERRECOVERY

1. Counseling programmefor those who lost the near ones

2. Restoring services like roads, communication link

3. Providing financial support employment

4. Reconstructing damaged buildings

Rehabilitation phase

• Water supply • Food safety • Basic sanitation

and personal hygiene

• Vector control

Disaster mitigation

• This involves lessening the likely effects of emergencies. These include depending upon the disaster, protection of vulnerable population and structure.

• For examples, improving structural qualities of schools, houses and such other buildings so that medical causalities can be minimized. Similarly ensuring the safety of health facilities and public health services including water supply and sewerage system to reduce the cost of rehabilitation and reconstruction. This mitigation compliments the disaster preparedness and disaster response activities.

Prevention and Mitigation

• It involves measures to eliminate or reduce the incidence of severity of disasters.

EXAMPLE FOR PREVENTIONAND MITIGATION

1. Preventing habitation in risk zones

2. Disaster resistant buildings

DISASTER DRILL

A disaster drill is an exercise in which people simulate the circumstances of a disaster so that they have an opportunity to practice their responses.

Disaster Preparedness Framework

RehearsalsPublic

Education

and Training

Response

Mechanisms

Warning

Systems

Resource

Base

Information

System

Institutional

Framework

PlanningVulnerability

Assessment

COMPONENTS OF PREPAREDNESS

Role Players in Disasters

• People : Individuals, House -Holds,

Volunteers

• Gram Panchayat : Sarpanch, Panchayati

Secretary, Panchayat Members

• Village Elders : Caste/Community/Religious

Leaders, Teachers, Doctors, Engineers,

Retired Army & Police Personnel

• Govt. Deptl. Officers : Agriculture, Medical,

Engineers (Housing, Roads & Buildings,

Irrigation) Revenue Department, Public

Health, Police, Defence, NGOs

The Myths about Disasters

• It Can’t Happen to Us.

• The Nature’s forces are so Deadly the Victims will Die anyway.

• There is Nothing We Can Do.

Disasters: Negative and Positive Aspects

Aspects Negative Aspects Positive aspects

D

I

S

A

S

T

E

R

Damage

Interruption

Severe

Antagonistic

Scourge

Traumatic

Emergency

Risk

Development

Innovation

Sharing

Awareness

Self sufficiency

Transformation

Education

Resilience

INDIA MUST STOP

VIEWING DISASTERS AS

ACTS OF GOD!!

CONCLUSION