Distribution of lead ores in india

CONTENTS

• Introduction

• Lead

• Properties of lead

• Chief ores of lead

• Distribution of lead in India

• Uses of lead

• Conclusion

• References

INTRODUCTION•Lead was probably one of the first metals to be produced by man because itis highly malleable, easy to smelt and work with.

INTRODUCTION•Lead was probably one of the first metals to be produced by man because itis highly malleable, easy to smelt and work with.•. Romans used it for making iron pins to hold large stone blocks forbuildings.

INTRODUCTION•Lead was probably one of the first metals to be produced by man because itis highly malleable, easy to smelt and work with.•. Romans used it for making iron pins to hold large stone blocks forbuildings.•Ancient Indians possessed the knowledge of mining, metals and alloys; theliterary evidence of which is evidenced in Kautilya's ‘Arthsastra’, a treatise onmining and metals written in about 400 BC.

INTRODUCTION•Lead was probably one of the first metals to be produced by man because itis highly malleable, easy to smelt and work with.•. Romans used it for making iron pins to hold large stone blocks forbuildings.•Ancient Indians possessed the knowledge of mining, metals and alloys; theliterary evidence of which is evidenced in Kautilya's ‘Arthsastra’, a treatise onmining and metals written in about 400 BC.• India’s present need for lead is met mostly by imports from foreign countries..

INTRODUCTION•Lead was probably one of the first metals to be produced by man because itis highly malleable, easy to smelt and work with.•. Romans used it for making iron pins to hold large stone blocks forbuildings.•Ancient Indians possessed the knowledge of mining, metals and alloys; theliterary evidence of which is evidenced in Kautilya's ‘Arthsastra’, a treatise onmining and metals written in about 400 BC.• India’s present need for lead is met mostly by imports from foreign countries.• The total world productions of lead metal in 1990 were about 5.7 million tonnes, to which India’s contributions were about 0.7%(0.040 m.tonnes) lead.

INTRODUCTION•Lead was probably one of the first metals to be produced by man because itis highly malleable, easy to smelt and work with.•. Romans used it for making iron pins to hold large stone blocks forbuildings.•Ancient Indians possessed the knowledge of mining, metals and alloys; theliterary evidence of which is evidenced in Kautilya's ‘Arthsastra’, a treatise onmining and metals written in about 400 BC.• India’s present need for lead is met mostly by imports from foreign countries.• The total world productions of lead metal in 1990 were about 5.7 million tonnes, to which India’s contributions were about 0.7%(0.040 m.tonnes) lead.•USA, Russia, Japan, Germany, UK, Canada, France, Australia, Belgium, and China together produce majority of the world production of refined lead

INTRODUCTION•Lead was probably one of the first metals to be produced by man because itis highly malleable, easy to smelt and work with.•. Romans used it for making iron pins to hold large stone blocks forbuildings.•Ancient Indians possessed the knowledge of mining, metals and alloys; theliterary evidence of which is evidenced in Kautilya's ‘Arthsastra’, a treatise onmining and metals written in about 400 BC.• India’s present need for lead is met mostly by imports from foreign countries.• The total world productions of lead metal in 1990 were about 5.7 million tonnes, to which India’s contributions were about 0.7%(0.040 m.tonnes) lead.•USA, Russia, Japan, Germany, UK, Canada, France, Australia, Belgium, and China together produce majority of the world production of refined lead

LEAD

Lead(Pb) occurs in native state, but it is quite rare.

LEAD

Lead(Pb) occurs in native state, but it is quite rare.The metal is bluish grey in colour & shows on its fresh surface a bright metallic lustre which quickly oxidiseson exposure to air.

LEAD

Lead(Pb) occurs in native state, but it is quite rare.The metal is bluish grey in colour & shows on its fresh surface a bright metallic lustre which quickly oxidiseson exposure to air. It is so soft that it can be scratched with finger-nail and shows a black streak on paper.

LEAD

Lead(Pb) occurs in native state, but it is quite rare.The metal is bluish grey in colour & shows on its fresh surface a bright metallic lustre which quickly oxidiseson exposure to air. It is so soft that it can be scratched with finger-nail and shows a black streak on paper.Its high Sp.Gr of 11.34 makes it heavy.

LEAD

Lead(Pb) occurs in native state, but it is quite rare.The metal is bluish grey in colour & shows on its fresh surface a bright metallic lustre which quickly oxidiseson exposure to air. It is so soft that it can be scratched with finger-nail and shows a black streak on paper.Its high Sp.Gr of 11.34 makes it heavy.It is highly resistant to corrosion, hence is used for storage of acids

LEAD

Lead(Pb) occurs in native state, but it is quite rare.The metal is bluish grey in colour & shows on its fresh surface a bright metallic lustre which quickly oxidiseson exposure to air. It is so soft that it can be scratched with finger-nail and shows a black streak on paper.Its high Sp.Gr of 11.34 makes it heavy.It is highly resistant to corrosion, hence is used for storage of acids.Deposits of lead are either of hydrothermal (cavity –filling and replacement) or of sedimentary origin.

LEAD

Lead(Pb) occurs in native state, but it is quite rare.The metal is bluish grey in colour & shows on its fresh surface a bright metallic lustre which quickly oxidiseson exposure to air. It is so soft that it can be scratched with finger-nail and shows a black streak on paper.Its high Sp.Gr of 11.34 makes it heavy.It is highly resistant to corrosion, hence is used for storage of acidsDeposits of lead are either of hydrothermal (cavity –filling and replacement) or of sedimentary origin.

PROPERTIES OF LEAD

• Colour -metallic gray• Streak -lead gray• Luster -Metallic• Diaphaneity -opaque• Cleavage -None• Hardness -2 to 2.5 • Specific Gravity -11.34 • Diagnostic Properties -Luster, streak• Chemical Composition -Pb• Crystal System -Isometric

CHIEF ORES OF LEAD

• Galena(PbS)• Cerussite(PbCO3)• Anglesite(PbSO4)

DISTRIBUTION OF LEAD IN INDIA

85% of the lead deposits if India occur in Rajasthan.

The important lead deposits of India include Rampura-Agucha

(Bhilwara district), Rajpura-Daribaand Sindesar (Rajsamand district),

Zawar (Udaipur), Sawarand Kayar-Ghugra (Ajmer district), Basantgarh and Deri (Sirohi district)

in Rajasthan;Mineralisation occurs along several

belts in rocks ofthe Aravalli (Ca +1400 my) and

Delhi (Ca +740 my) Supergroupsand in

pre-Aravalli (Ca +2200 my) rocks.

RAJASTHAN

Rampura-Agucha Lead-Zinc Mines

Rampura-Agucha Lead-Zinc Mines

ANDHRA PRADESHGalena occurs at Chityala and Chelima in Kurnool district,

Karempudi in Guntur district and Zangamrajupalle in Cuddapah

district. Galena is also reported to occur near Chintakunta in

Nalgonda district and Jestaipalliin Khamam district.

These deposits and occurrences are mostly hosted in rocks of the Cuddapah Supergroup and to a

lesser extent in rocks of the Kurnool Group, Pakhal

supergroup

JHARKHAND

Occurrences of argentiferouslead ore had been located in

Hazaribagh district. Galena is found in parts of Singhbhum,

Ranchi, Hazaribagh and Palamaudistricts but with little chance of success in their working. The GSI

has taken up investigation in some parts of the State

MADHYA PRADESHLead-ores, often argentiferous, are on a fairly large scale. Mahanadi River near Padampur, Bilaspurdistrict. Occurrences have been

reported at Ranitalao near Chicholi, Thelkadand Karamatara in Durg

district, Bhelaunda and Chiraikhurdin Sarguja district, Andar in Shivpuri

district and near Kurol in Gwalior district.

In Madhya Pradesh, basemetaldeposits and occurrences have been

recorded from Malanjkhandgranitoid belt, Bhundelkhand granite

complex and the Mahakhosal and Vindhyan Groups of rocks.

KARNATAKA

Lumps of galena were found at Metri, 40 kms north-west of Bellary during 1951-52; but

detailed prospecting by drilling and pitting has shown that the deposits are not of economic importance. Some minor occurrences of lead-ore are known near Ingaldhal in

Chitradurga district.These deposits and occurrences are

mostly hosted in rocks of the Dharwar supergroup.

ODISHA

The lead-ore deposits were located along a 35 km belt of the

Sargipalli in Sundargarh, Kesarpur in Mayurbhanj

district,Karmali in Sambalpur. During the year 1986 the

district of Sundargarh produced 5,451 tonnes of lead

concentrate.Lead mineralization forms part of the southern extension of the

Singhbhum Copper belt of Jharkhand.

GUJARAT

Lead ores are found in Ambamata-Chitrasani

in BanasakanthaDistrict , Khandia in

Vadodara district

WEST BENGALSmall pockets of argentiferous galena, cerussite and sphalerite occur in the

dolomite bands in Buxa Duars area of Jalpaiguri district. Lead-ores occur also

in a number of other places in Darjeeling and western Duars area. In the district of

Darjeeling 2.27 million tonnes of probably recoverable reserves have been estimated in which each of the lead and

zinc metals, are estimated at 56 thousand tonnes.

Lead-zinc deposit occurs in the DalingGroup (Precambrian to early Cambrian

age) which consists mainly grey green orgreen chlorite-quartz-sericite

schist/phyllite, sericite-chlorite quartzite, quartzmagnetite

rock, mylonites, epidiorites, etc.

USES OF LEAD

• Lead is the main constituent of lead-acid batteries

USES OF LEAD

• Lead is the main constituent of lead-acid batteries• It is widely used as a coloring agent in stained glasses for reducing the

radiation transmission.

USES OF LEAD


radiation transmission.• Due to its high specific gravity it is used as fishing sinkers and in

balancing wheels of vehicles.

USES OF LEAD



balancing wheels of vehicles.• It is also used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic for coating the electrical

metal wires, and for shielding from radiation in x-ray laboratories.

USES OF LEAD



balancing whee.ls of vehicles.• It is also used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic for coating the electrical

metal wires, and for shielding from radiation in x-ray laboratories.• In electronics its use as soldering agent is well known.

USES OF LEAD




metal wires, and for shielding from radiation in x-ray laboratories.• In electronics its use as soldering agent is well known.• Molten lead is used as a coolant in lead cooled fast reactors.

USES OF LEAD




metal wires, and for shielding from radiation in x-ray laboratories.• In electronics its use as soldering agent is well known.• Molten lead is used as a coolant in lead cooled fast reactors.

• Lead has many applications in building constructions e.g. sheets as architectural metals in roofing, cladding, flashings, gutters and joints, etc.

CONCLUSION

• Occurrence of metallic or native lead is very rare.

CONCLUSION

• Occurrence of metallic or native lead is very rare.• It occurs as ore minerals mostly associated with zinc-cadmium-silver, and

some copper ores in varied geological environments and different rock formations.

.

CONCLUSION



• A total of 59 ore minerals of lead are known but the most common are galena (PbS ), cerussite (PbCO3), anglesite(PbSO4) and minium (Pb3O4).

CONCLUSION




• India has 176.8 Mt recoverable reserves of lead-zinc ore as on April 2000.

CONCLUSION





• The important deposits of lead are in the states of Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal.

CONCLUSION





• The important deposits of lead-zinc are in the states of Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal.

REFERENCES

• Umeshwar Prasad;2014, Economic Geology-Economic Mineral

Deposits. CBS Publications, pp. 109-114

• K.M Bangar;2014, Principles of Engineering Geology, Standard Publishers, pp. 349-351

• K.V.G.K. Gokhale & T.C Rao;1973, Ore Deposits of India, Thomson Press Ltd, pp.86-88

Digital Resources:

• http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/portal/page?_pageid=127,771815&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead

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Distribution of lead ores in india