Upload
rodney-b-murray
View
319
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
1
Disruptive Technologies in Education
Adapted from “Dancing with the Devil: the Knowledge Worker Waltz”
by Rodney B. Murray, Ph.D.Presented at AISR Retreat
June 1999
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
2
Technology Drivers
• Shift from manufacturing to services (atoms to bits; books to Web)
• Digital convergence(television, telephone, computers, Web)
• Supply chain economics (just-in-time manufacturing; learning)
• Information as commodity
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
3
Societal Needs
• Industry and the Military still spend more on education than the Public and Private Education Sector
• Shift from – "just-in-case" education to – "just-in-time/any-time/any-place" education– and eventually, "just-for-you” education
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
4
Changing Nature of Academic Activity
• 20th Century: Time-honored trinity of "teaching, research & service" (education, research & patient care)
• 21st Century: creating, preserving, integrating, transmitting and applying knowledge
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
5
We are “Knowledge Workers” and the University is a “Knowledge Server”
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
6
University as "Knowledge Server"Creating
Preserving
Integrating
Applying(Serving)
Transmitting
Research
Education
PatientCare
KnowledgeWorkers
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
7
Teaching to Learning
• Now: teacher centered; classroom-based• Future: learner centered; anywhere, anytime• Teacher role designer, consultant,
coach
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
8
Restructuring Higher Education
• Unbundling• Outsourcing• Strategic Partnerships• Spinning Off
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
9
Unbundle Education
• Separate general education from mastery in a discipline or profession, i.e.,
• Separate delivery of content from certification of competency
• Sell educational modules, then full courses• Offer 'certificate' programs (Microsoft does)
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
10
Outsource Services
• Keep core competencies in-house• Let others do what they do best• Email? Desktop support?• Lectures? Educational media?• What's next?
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
11
Strategic Partnerships
• We provide the knowledge (content)• Partner with distributors:
– Traditional & Open Source publishers– Self Publishing (Jefferson Digital Commons)– Broadband delivery services
• Public Broadcast TV (WHYY?)• Cable Operators (Comcast?)
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
12
Spinning Off
• Like outsourcing, but we outsource to ourselves • We do it now with Technology Transfer
“the creation of new companies based on University technology is also encouraged”
• Why not with computer-based learning and distance education?
• This is how we avoid the "Innovator's Dilemma"
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
13
The Innovator's Dilemma: How disruptive technologies can destroy established markets
Clayton Christensen (1997, Harvard Business School Press)
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
14
The Innovator’s Dilemma
• Why do some well-managed companies (education institutions) that stay on top of new technology and practice quality customer service still falter?
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
15
The Innovator’s Dilemma
• Christensen suggests that by placing too great an emphasis on satisfying customers' current needs, companies fail to adapt or adopt new technology that will meet customers' unstated or future needs, and he argues that such companies will eventually fall behind. He calls this phenomenon “disruptive technology.”
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
16
The Innovator's Dilemma• "Incumbent companies (Universities) ... hardly
ever bring new technologies to market"• "Sustaining and disruptive technologies are
very different..."• Educational technology is a "sustaining"
technology if we use it just to provide better, faster and cheaper education the same old way
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
17
The Innovator's Dilemma (con't)
• The Internet and WWW are "disruptive" technologies for almost all businesses including the Education Establishment
• “incumbents will miss the value of the Internet, and new companies (institutions) will rise to dominate the Internet's new markets” (Amazon, Google, University of Phoenix, virtual universities)
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
18
Why do incumbents fail with disruptive technologies?• DT development teams fail to compete for
resources with incumbent core technologies• Hewlett-Packard failed at first by keeping
laser printer development in-house• Xerox didn’t embrace the DT they helped to
invent -- the GUI• Many, many business cases show similar
failures
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
19
Recent Examples of DT Failures
• The music and film industry incumbents are struggling to fight the tide of DT in media (downloadable music and movies) instead of embracing the new DTs and re-inventing themselves
• Sony of Walkman fame totally misses the portable mp3 music player market thanks to Apple and its iPod
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
20
How can Incumbents Meet the Challenge of Disruptive Technologies?
• …by spinning off, or at least “in-sourcing”• IBM established a new unit and built the PC
at a new location in Boca Raton, Florida• Toys-R-US spun off ‘toys-r-us.com’• Barnes & Noble spun off
‘barnesandnoble.com’
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
21
Classic Case Study
• AA (AMR Corp.) developed the Sabre Airline Ticket Reservation System for in-house use
• Sabre was ‘spun off’ as a separate business (TSG) selling it’s services to other airlines; runs travelocity.com, and sells IT services
• AMR makes more money selling information via Sabre than it does flying airplanes!!!
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
22
Lessons Learned
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
23
Lessons Learned
• Remove unnecessary processes and administrative structures
• Micromanaged institutions will not flourish• Engage campus in a vision (AISR’s
Learning Infrastructure Project)• Develop the capacity for change -- be a
change agent!
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
24
Lessions Learned (con't)
• Develop the faculty• Manage IT as a strategic campus asset• Focus on assessment of student outcomes• Make universal, convenient, and affordable
access to PCs, the Internet, and software a reality for all students and employees
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
25
Lessions Learned (con't)
• Devise strategies ... Be agile• Focus on core competencies• Outsource where practical• Spin off business units to exploit the new
disruptive technologies
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
26
What “Disruptive Technologies” are Challenging Education now?
• Web 2.0 Technologies– Blogs– Wiki’s– Podcasting– Enhanced (video) Podcasting– Open education
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
27
university.com ?Maybe our University should spin off a “dot
com” and develop these “disruptive” educational technologies
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
28
References
• Dancing with the Devil, Richard N. Katz (Editor), Jossey-Bass Publishers.
• The Monster Under the Bed, Stan Davis, Touchstone Books.
• The Innovator's Dilemma, Clayton M. Christensen, Harvard Business School Press.
July 11, 2006 Disruptive Technologies in Education
29
For more information visit…
Rod’s Pulse Podcasthttp://www.RodsPulsePodcast.com