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Survival skills are techniques a person may use in a dangerous situation (e.g. natural disasters) to save themselves or others. These techniques are meant to provide basic necessities for human life: water, food, shelter, habitat, the ability to think straight, to signal for help , to navigate safely, to avoid unpleasant interactions with animals and plants, and cure any present injuries. Survival skills are often basic ideas and abilities that ancient humans have used for thousands of years. Hiking, backpacking, horseback riding, fishing, hunting and many other outdoor activities all require basic wilderness survival skills to handle an emergency situation. Bush craft and primitive living are most often self implemented, but require many of the same skills.Before we know which survival skill we have to use first we have to know that which type of disaster has occurred.

Survival Skills

There are two types of Disasters

Man Made Disasters

AND Natural Disasters

Types of Disasters

The disasters which occurr naturally are know as Natural Disasters. There are so many dangerous natural disasters like :-

Tsunami

Flood

Earthquakes

Volcanic Eruptions

Cyclone

Avalanches

etc

Natural Disasters

A tsunami is a series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of a body of water, typically an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings , meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami.

And recent Tsunami was seen on Japan. Japan was hit by a 9.0 magnitude earthquake on March 11, 2011, that triggered a deadly 23-foot tsunami in the country's north. The giant waves deluged cities and rural areas alike, sweeping away cars, homes, buildings, a train, and boats, leaving a path of death and devastation in its wake.

Tsunami

A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land. The European Union (EU)Floods Directive defines a flood as a covering by water of land not normally covered by water. In the sense of "flowing water", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide. Flooding may result from the volume of water within a body of water, such as a river or lake, which

overflows or breaks levees,

with the result that some of

the water escapes its usual

boundaries.

Flood

An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The seismicity, seismic or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time. Earthquakes are measured using observations from seismometers. The moment magnitude is the most common scale on which earthquakes larger than approximately 5 are reported for the entire globe.

Earthquakes

During a volcanic eruption, lava , tempura , and various gases are expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure. Several types of volcanic eruptions have been distinguished by volcanologists. These are often named after famous volcanoes where that type of behavior has been observed. Some volcanoes may exhibit only one characteristic type of eruption during a period of activity, while others may display an entire sequence of types all in one eruptive series.

Volcanic Eruption

 A Cyclone is an area of closed, circular fluid motion rotating in the same direction as the Earth. This is usually characterized by inward spiraling winds that rotate anticlockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere of the Earth. A cyclone is a synonym for hurricane . Most large-scale cyclonic circulations are centered on areas of low atmospheric pressure.

Cyclone

An avalanche is a sudden, drastic flow of snow down a slope, occurring when either natural triggers, such as loading from new snow or rain, or artificial triggers, such as snowmobilers, explosives or backcountry skiers, overload the snowpack. The influence of gravity on the accumulated weight of newly fallen uncompacted snow or on thawing older snow leads to avalanches which may be triggered by earthquakes, gunshots and the movements of animals

Avalanches

There disasters which are occurred because of the mistake or intentionally by humans are know as Man-Made Disasters .Some of the common Man-Made Disasters are:-

► Nuclear Disaster

► Drought

► Environmental Disasters

► Engineering failures

►Terrorist Incidents

►Wars

and much more……..

Man-Made Disasters

A Nuclear Disaster is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency as "an event that has led to significant consequences to people, the environment or the facility. Examples include lethal effects to individuals, large radioactivity release to the environment, or reactor core melt. 

Nuclear Disasters

A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply whether surface or underground water. Generally, this occurs when a region receives consistently below average precipitation. It can have a substantial impact on the ecosystem and agriculture of the affected region. Although droughts can persist for several years, even a short,

intense drought can

cause significant damage

 and harm the local 

economy.

Drought

An environmental disaster is a disaster to the natural environment due to human activity. It should not be confused with the separate concept of a natural disaster. Environmental disasters can have an effect on agriculture, biodiversity, the economy and human health. The causes include pollution, depletion of natural resources, industrial activity or agriculture.

The most important example of Environmental Disaster made by Humans is GLOBAL WARMING

Environmental Disasters

Because of some Engineers mistake a major effects us and some times it effects the EARTH.

Some engineering failure are:-

1. Bridge Collapse

2. Gas Explosion

3. Nuclear Power Plant Disaster

4. Dam Flooding

5. Airship Disasters

And so on……….

Engineering Failure

Some terrorist plant bombs, Kidnappers some one, damage the national property, hijack the flights, trains, bus for their reasons. This things are childish. And sometimes government have to accept their wish. The recent incident was at Taj Hotel in Mumbai. And a terrorist was also caught named Kasab. He was given the punishment called “Hang Till Dead”.

9/11 that shook The WORLD

Terrorist Incidents

War is an organized, armed, and often a prolonged conflict that is carried on between states, nations, or other parties typified by extreme aggression, social disruption, and usually high mortality. War should be understood as an actual, intentional and widespread armed conflict between political communities, and therefore is defined as a form of political violence. The set of techniques used by a group to carry out war is known as warfare. An absence of war, (and other violence) is usually called peace.

War

Now I will tell you how to react , what to do when such calamities happens.

The first thing is that watch discovery channel daily. This channel shows and describes all the information which is needed. A program also comes daily names “Man vs. Wild”. In this program Bear Gryls make you learn all the thing that you can do in such situation. The second thing that whatever happens you should never Courage.

Surviving Disasters

Under no circumstance should you go near the coast to see the tsunami hit.  Remember this: if you can see it, than you are too close to escape.

If a tsunami is approaching and you cannot move to higher ground, stay indoors where you will be protected from the water.  It is preferable for you to find a space in the house away from any windows. 

Monitor the progress of the tsunami and be alert for any warnings or instructions from local authorities.  If you’re in a safe location when the tsunami strikes, stay there until local authorities indicate that the situation is under control.

After a tsunami, floodwater can accumulate and it can be dangerous to walk or drive through these waters.  Before driving, listen to instructions from local authorities that are coordinating the evacuation plans.

Be aware of risks such as hypothermia or drowning in the floodwaters.  Your local Red Cross chapter can provide more information on how to prevent these problems.

If Tsunami occurred then?

moving cars, pets, food, valuables and important documents to safety

put flood protection equipment in place

turn off gas, electricity and water supplies if it’s safe to do so

plug water inlet pipes with towels or cloths

call 108 immediately if you are in danger

avoid electricity sources

If Flood occurred?

Protect yourself

Extinguish flames

Open your door and secure an escape route

Be careful of broken glass

Walk to your refuge area

Calmly obtain accurate information

If a Earthquake occurred then?

How to prepare your family

Compile a list of emergency phone numbers and keep it somewhere that is visible to all family members.

Nominate an interstate family member or friend to be a point of contact in case you and your family become separated during the cyclone.

Find out if your home is located in an area that could be prone to storm surge or flooding by contacting your local council.

Identify the strongest part of the house (usually the smallest room) and ensure everyone knows where this is in case you need to seek shelter in your home.

Ensure at least one person in your household knows first aid.

If Cyclone occurred?

Secure the perimeter and establish zones of operation.

Control and identify the agent. Medical management calls for the safety professional to first protect him or herself.

Attend to the victims. This includes rescue, decontamination, triage, and treating and transporting victims.

Move crowds and other persons to safe zones, specifically upwind.

Avoid secondary contamination.

Secure evidence and the crime scene.

Protect against a secondary attack.

If terrorist strikes yourWorkplace?

Take effective protective action, before they strike, with confidence

decide FIRST if you need to prepare where you are, or attempt evacuation

Secure Food Supplies, Water and Shelter

What to do if a NuclearDisaster is Imminent?

Thank You And now I hope you have

Understood about the Surviving skills

Made ByPavas Nayak

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