Disaster management

Home Science Disaster Management

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Dr. DAXABEN N. MEHTAPRINCIPAL

SMT.SADGUNA C.U.SHAH HOME

SCIENCE

AND C.U.SHAH ARTS & COMMERCE

MAHILA COLLEGE WADHWANCITY

DIST: SURENDRANAGA


What is a “Disaster”?

Disaster- dis·as·ter n.

a.An occurrence causing widespread destruction and

distress; a catastrophe.

b. grave misfortune. c. Informal- A total failure


D: DetectionI: Incident CommandS: Safety & SecurityA: Assess HazardsS: SupportT: Triage & TreatmentE: EvacuationR: Recovery

DISASTER


DEFINITIONS OF DISASTER

• A disaster can be defined as anyoccurrence that causedamage, ecological disruption, loss ofhuman life, deterioration of health andhealth services on a scale, sufficient towarrant an extraordinary responsefrom outside the affected community orarea”.(W.H.O.)


• A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either nature or manmade that causes human suffering and creates human needs that victims cannot alleviate without assistance”. American Red Cross (ARC)


Hazards

Natural• Earthquake Landslides• Avalanche - mass ice fall • Volcano Fires • Tornado- rotating storm• Hurricanes- severe storm• Meteors Floods • Drought


Hazards

Man-made• Fires Explosive devices• Firearms Structural collapse• Transportation event

Air, Rail, Roadway, Water

• Industrial Epidemic• Terrorism


HAZARD

Damage

Potential

Elements at Risk

Slopes of hills

Sea & Sea-coast

Low-lying Areas

River/Stream Banks

Natural Features

Unsecured personal assets

Livelihood tools / Equipment

Public Infrastructure

Agri. & Horticultural crops

Weak Buildings

Huts & Semi-permanent Houses

People & Live-stock

Societal Elements


AIMS

Reduce (Avoid, if possible) the potential losses from hazards.

Assure prompt and appropriate assistance to victims when necessary.

Achieve rapid and durable recovery.


PHASES OF DISASTER

Pre-impact phase

Impact phase

Post-impact phase


STRATEGY Pre-disaster Phase:

1. Prevention. 2.Mitigation. 3. Preparedness.4. Capacity Building and Awareness.5. Community Based Disaster Management.

Post-disaster Phase:6.Prompt and Efficient Response –

Proactive.7.Reconstruction to build back better.


Cycle of DISASTER


Mitigation

Prevention of hazards developing into disasters

Reduce effects of disastersFocuses on long term measuresIs part of recovery processActions

• structural – use technology• Non structural –legislation

Most cost effectiveNecessitates identification of risk


Preparedness

• Communication plans• Emergency response teams• Emergency warning methods• Shelters, evacuation plans• Resources inventory building• Develop trained volunteers• Casualty prediction- helps in evacuation


Response

Mobilization of • Emergency teams

– Core emergency services– Specialist teams

• First responders in area• Search and rescue efforts

Runs on • principle of unified command• Mutual aid

Immediate needs are addressed


Relief…

the period immediatelyfollowing the occurrence of asudden onset disaster ordeteriorated slow-onsetsituation, when exceptionalmeasures have to be taken tosearch for and rescue survivorsas well as meet their basicneeds

Home Science Disaster Management17: www.time.com/.../0,29307,1779418,00.html

http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1779418_1660766,00.html


Early Recovery…

actions that restore nationalcapacities to provide a secureenvironment, offerservices, restorelivelihoods, coordinateactivities, prevent therecurrence of crisis, and createconditions for futuredevelopment

Home Science Disaster Management19

Photo rebuilding


Reconstruction…

the actions taken to reestablish a community after a period of rehabilitation subsequent to a disaster.

Home Science Disaster Management21

Photo of construction activity

A tradesman employed by Oxfam helps to build temporary shelter in Sri Lanka after the tsunami.


HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

The Government of India through an Act ofthe Parliament have decided to put inplace, necessary institutional mechanisms fordrawing up and monitoring theimplementation of disaster managementplans, ensuring measures by various wings ofGovernment for prevention of andmitigating the effects of disasters and forundertaking a holistic, coordinated and

prompt response to any disaster situation.


HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE1. High Powered Committee set up in August

1999.

2.Until 2001 – Responsibility with Agriculture Ministry,

3.Transferred to Ministry of Home Affairs in June 2002.

4.National Disaster Management Authority established.

5.Disaster Management Act passed in December 2005.


DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• DM STRUCTURE

NDMA set up as the Apex Body withHon’ble PM as Chairperson.

National Executive Committee (NEC) -Executive Committee of NDMA.

• At the CentreCentral Ministries will Continue with

Nodal Responsibilities.


State Level SDMA at State Level, headed by

Chief Minister.State Executive Committee (SEC), headed

by Chief Secretary, will coordinate and monitor implementation of National Policy, National Plan and State Plan.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT


District Level DDMA headed by District Magistrate. Chairperson of Zila Parishad as Co-

Chairperson – interface between Govt. andPublic.

SUPPORTING INSTITUTIONS National Disaster Response Force

(NDRF). National Institute of Disaster

Management (NIDM).

DISASTER MANAGEMENT


NDRF BNS – LOCATIONS

BHATINDA

GR. NOIDA

VADODARA

PUNE (Talegaon)

BHUBANESHWAR( Mundali)

KOLKATA

GUWAHATI

PATNA

CHENNAI (Arakkonam)

LEGEND

BNs

CBRN BNs

New Raisings

VIJAYAWADA

• Two more Battalions Approved.


MOCK EXERCISES

• Mock Exercises Conducted so far – 170

• Details of Mock Exercises –

• Mock Exercises on Chemical (Industrial) Disasters – 25

• Mock Exercises on Earthquake – 30

• Mock Exercise on Floods (including Urban Floods) – 11

• Mock Exercises on Cyclones – 10

• Mock Exercises on Fire – 10

• Mock Exercises on Mass Casualty Management – 08

• Mock Exercise on Man-Made Disasters – 04

• School Safety Exercises – 71


BANGALORE (KARNATAKA) –

18 SEPTEMBER 2007

MOCK EXERCISE ON FIRE

1.Place – Games

Village, Kormangla, Bangalore

2. People Participated – Over 2,000


KANPUR (UTTAR PRADESH) –

03 SEP 2008

MOCK EXERCISE ON FIRE

1.Place – Hotel Geet and Park

Palace Area.

2. People Participated – Over 10,000.


PITHAMPUR (MP) – 12 MARCH 2007

MOCK EXERCISE ON CHEMICAL (INDUSTRIAL) DISASTERS

1. Industrial Complex – Pithampur

2. Industrial Units – * M/s Bharat

Exercised Petroleum Corporation

Limited

* M/s Pratibha Syntex Ltd

* M/s AVTEC Limited

3. People Participated – 2,500 (approx).


SURAT – 28 MARCH 2008

MOCK EXERCISE ON CHEMICAL (INDUSTRIAL) DISASTERS

1. Industrial Complex – Surat.

2. Industrial Units – Oil and Natural

Gas Company Exercised

(ONGC).

Reliance Petrochemical.

3. People Participated – 5,000 (approx).


1.Place – Deoria District.

2. People Participated – Over

5,000.

DEORIA DISTRICT (UP) –

30 MAY 2008

MOCK EXERCISE ON FLOOD


MEGHALAYA – 24 – 25 MARCH 2008

MOCK EXERCISE ON EARTHQUAKE

People Participated – Over

10,000


KADMAT & KARAVATI ISLANDS, LAKSHADWEEP

MOCK EXERCISE ON CYCLONE

1.Islands – Kadmat and

Karavati.

2. People Participated – Over

10,000


HYDERABAD – 26 NOVEMBER 2008

MOCK EXERCISE ON MAN-MADE DISASTER

People Participated – 15,000

(Approx).


Major Disasters

in India

(1999-2009)

Disasters in States Year Casualties

Orissa Super Cyclone 1999 9,887

Gujarat Earthquake 2001 14,000

Tsunami 2004 15,000

J&K Earthquake 2005 1,336


Floods 26 July 2005

Tsunami 26 Dec 2004

S Cyclone 29 Oct 1999

Flood, Assam & Bihar 2004

MAJOR DISASTERS (1980-2005)Earthquake Uttarkashi, 20 Oct 1991, Chamoli, 23 April 1999

Bhuj, Earthquake, 26 January, 2001

Avalanche Feb 2005

Earthquake, Latur, 30 Sept 1993

Tsunami 26 Dec 2004

Tsunami 26 Dec 2004

Bhopal Gas Disaster, Dec 1982

Earthquake, Oct, 2005


Flood Map Gujarat


Cyclone Map Gujarat


Earthquake Map Gujarat


Multi Hazard Map


Education

Disaster management