Prepared BY:-

Dr. Alok Bharti

Dept. of AGB

• French word ‘Desastre’, in which ‘Des’ stands for evil or bad and ‘astre’ stands for star.

• Disaster Management Act,2005 defines it as - “Disaster” means a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or man made causes or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to and destruction of property. or damage to,or degradation of environment and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the copying capacity of the community of the affected area.

• India is geographically situated in such place where it is bound to suffer very often from natural disaster.

• 30 types of disaster are identified.• The major ones are:-

1. Floods

2. Heavy rains,

3. Droughts,

4. Landslides,

5. Earthquakes and

6. Cyclones• Among all floods most common.

Temporary inundation of large regions as the result of an increase in reservoir or of rivers flooding their banks because of heavy rains, high winds, cyclones, storm surge along coast, tsunami, melting snow or dam bursts.

• Inadequate capacity within the banks of the river to contain high flows.

• River bank erosion and silting of river beds.• Landslides-obstruction of flow• Synchronization of floods in the main and

tributary rivers.• Retardation of flow due to tidal and backwater

effects• Poor natural drainage• Cyclones and storm surge• Cloud burst and flash floods

• Reforestation.

• Construction of levees.

• Construction of dams, reservoirs and channels diverting flood water called floodways. Floodways-diverts flood waters so that a controlled area of land is flooded.

• Soil management, contour ploughing, crop rotation.

• Series of underground shock waves and movements on the earth’s surface caused by natural processes writhing the earth’s crust.

• UNESCO study shows that on an average 10,000 people die each year due to earthquakes.

• Every year over a million are recorded but only a few are strong to cause substantial damage.

• Power of earthquake is reckoned in terms of its “Magnitude” which is measured on an open ended Ritcher scale from 1 to 8.9

• Classification on the basis of Ritcher scale

App.magnitude Effects of shallow shocks in populated areas

No of earthquakes per year

8.0 Damage,nearly total 1-2

7.4 Great damage 4

7.0-7.3 Serious damage-rails bent 15

7.2-6.9 Considerable damage to buildings 100

5.6-6.1 Slight damage to buildings 500

4.9-5.5 Felt by all 1,400

4.3-4.8 Felt by many 4,800

3.5-4.2 Felt by some 30,000

2.0-3.4 Not felt but recorded 8,00,000

• Education about earthquake danger.• Canvassing should be done for constructing

earthquake resistant houses in a specific manner in earthquake prone areas.

• A strict policy and law should be framed in a hilly area to stop construction of multi-storey building or it should not be more than 12 meters height and be followed.

• Violent storm, often of vast extent, characterized by high winds rotating about a calm center of low atmospheric pressure. This center moves onwards, often with a velocity of 50 km/hr.

Pre-requisites for cyclones

• Warm ocean temperature-above 27oC.

• Absence of strong vertical wind shear.

• Presence of low pressure.

• Presence of coricolis force.

“EYE” of the cyclone – Centre of the cyclone where the wind speed remains the lowest.

• Warm ocean temperature-above 27oC.

• Absence of strong vertical wind shear.

• Presence of low pressure.

• Presence of coricolis force.

“EYE” of the cyclone – Centre of the cyclone where the wind speed remains the lowest.

CYCLONES

Wind Speed

Disaster

Bay of Bengal

Coastal Areas

Arabian Sea

Storm tide 5-6 m

Speed – 200 km/s up to 320 km/s

Death & Injuries

Destruction of public utilities

Destruction of crops

Damaging buildings

Uprooting damage of electricity, telecommunication equipment as well as tress

Crisis all around

Rainfall – 50-100 cms in 24 hours

Post-monsoon Oct-Dec

Pre-monsoon Apr-May

Rare in winter months

• Cyclone shelters should be constructed in cyclone prone areas.

• A cropping strategy has been evolved, keeping in view cyclone seasons to reduce loss of crops.

• Cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons can be predicted in several days in advance.

• Technical assistance regarding monitoring of cyclone reduction comes from India Metrological Department which works through 10 cyclone detection radars located on coasts.

• A geo-stationary satellite (INSAT-1B) monitors cyclone movements.

• An extended period of below normal rainfall, a long term depletion of groundwater, or the stunting of vegetation growth due to lack of water.

• Geographical location of Indian subcontinent not favouring abundant monsoon rainfall.

• Poor quality and excessive depth of ground water limiting its use for irrigation.

• Absence of perennial rivers and forests.• Poor water holding capacity of soil and uneven

distribution of rainfall.• Overgrazing, deforestation along with mining.

• Mixed cropping by drought resistant species.

• Social forestry and waste land development programmes.

• Proper storage of water, utilization of surplus water in water deficit areas, developing rain water harvesting methods in water deficit areas.

• Regulating ground water.

• Downward movement of mass of rock or soil as a result of slope failure.

• Steep slopes• Fragile geology• High seismic activity• Intense Rainfall• Extensive deforestation• Unscientific cultivation on steep slopes and rapid

increase in developmental activities like road construction, mining and rampant building construction on hill slopes.

AVALANCHE – Sliding of heavy snow mass along a slope.

Loss & damage to

cattle

IMPACT OF DISASTER

Loss & damage to human life

Loss of property

Loss & damage

to building

Disruption of business

activitiesEpidemics

Depression

Fear

Unc

erta

inity A

nxiety

• A continuous & integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary or expedient for –

i. Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster.ii. Mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its

severity or its consequences.iii. Capacity building.iv. Preparedness to deal with any disaster.v. Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation.vi. Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any

disaster.vii. Evacuation, rescue and relief.viii. Rehabilitation and reconstruction.

Disaster Management

Prev

entio

nRehabilitation

Preparedness

Miti

gatio

n

Measures designed to organize & facilitate timely and effective rescue, relief

and rehabilitation. Measures at all level -

International to National

Advance planning & environmental

protection

Returning to normal life through well-laid out plans.

To reduce both the effect of hazard and vulnerable conditions through sustainable

development

Prev

entio

n

Prev

entio

n

• Whenever we go to protect the nature from disaster we have to plan preparement which is categorized into 4

1) Warning phase

2) Emergency phase

3) Rehabilitation phase

4) Recovery phase

a) In any kind of situation i.e flood cyclone we should be well aware of the conditions like animals and humans died and effected for getting this information we have to identify the vulnerable location which may regularly effected with disasters.

b) identify the animal population in that location

c) formation of voluntary organization or coordinating agency which may be govt

or the agency formed by non govt organization.

• The major functions of these 2 organizations-

a)formation of rescue team

b)giving training to people how to act during the natural disaster.

Procurement of resources ,feed,fodder,resources,medicine,vaccine collected before and used while natural disasters

The action that we are going to take during the natural disaster i.e action on the hour.

• Major functions-

1)rescuing of animals

2)removal of the animals to the safer places

3)treatment giving to the animals at the rescue centers.

4)vaccination to the healthy animals to prevent spreading of infectious diseases.

Continuing phase of emergency phase

Major functions-

1)compensation to the farmers who lost their livestock

Compensation can be given by 2 ways:

a)financial institution

b)government The service of the veterinarian is very

important in this phase

A committed veterinarian should be present in the team for isolation of dead carcass,isolation of the infected animals and identification of the farmers who have lost their livestock.

Major activity taken by rescue team by govt or NGO’s

Major functions-

1)consulting the financial institutions to give

the loan to the farmers

2)introducing the new livestock management systems

3)educating the peopleabout the steps to be taken when natural disasters occur etc.

Whenever disaster occurs,to prevent untoward incidence of nature the govt has issued a well planned schedule,by carrying 2 meetings every year to discuss the measures that should be taken when natural disasters occur,

Ist meeting in may

IInd meeting in sep/octIST meeting- carried by high power

committee i.e by all the heads of govt and further people of Army,Navy,Airforce.

The people discuss the various measures to protect the life of animals.

IInd meeting- carried by Joint director of disaster proned area and Additional Director of Animal Husbandary,Joint director of disease diagnosis and Joint director of vaccine production-VBRI persons.

The meeting is carried by the Director of Animal Husbandary.

• III) District Meeting- All the heads of different Govt

organizations will be called,among them Joint Director of Animal Husbandary will be one,people of Army,Navy,Airforce will be called,these meetings will be conveined by District collector.

• IV) Meeting at the level of Revenue division-

Different Govt officers along with Assistant directors,Revenue divisional officers carry meeting

V meeting- carried by Joint director of disaster prone districts.Participants will be Assistant directors from disaster proned areas.

Deputy director of veterinary polyclinic

Assistant director of AHC and conveyed by JD

VI meeting- conducted by Mandal along with VAS,parastaff will be there.

Meeting conducted by Assistant director.

Team Member Activities

Warning phase

(multidisciplin

ary team)

VAS,Revenue inspector,

village extention officer,

village secretary,

members of

rescue team

•Isolation & identification of particular place for storing feed, fodder, water etc

•Procurement of life saving drugs.

•Procurement of vaccines

•Procurement of feed and fodder for a pd of 15 days

•Preparing people to face disasters

•Selection of proper health camp place for treatment the location

•Sending information to the higher authorities

Team Member activities

2)During natural disasters- 2 teams seen

1. Ist team

VAS

Livestock assistant and attenders

•Rescuing of the affected animals•Treatment of sick animals•Supply of feed,fodder to livestock•Vaccination of the healthy animals•Sending information to the higher authuorities

2. IInd team

(Multidisciplinary team)

VAS,Revenue inspector,village extension officer,

village secretory,

insurance and banking assistants

•Identification of carcass and dead bodies of the animals•Identification of the farmers disposal of the carcass•Information send to the higher officials

Post disaster management

VAS,

Bank and insurance officials.

Team from the Govt and NGO’S i.e. Rescue Team

•Arranging compensation to farmers who loose their livestock through the insurance company •Facilitating the people to get New Loans, livestock units , infrastructure etc•Supply of cattle, feed and fodder at subsidiary rates• conduction of regular health camps in disaster prone areas