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PORTFOLIO l a u r a _ v e : 2 0 1 0 M A S T E R D I P L O M A P R O J E C T : (y)our alternative legacy

Diploma-exhibition portfolio

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Page 1: Diploma-exhibition portfolio

P O R T F O L I Ol a u r a _ v e : 2 0 1 0

M A S T E R D I P L O M A P R O J E C T : (y)our alternative legacy

Page 2: Diploma-exhibition portfolio

laura_ve : MASTER DIPLOMA PROJECT _ (y)our alternative legacy WERGELAND-BERGENexhibition photos

(y)our alternative legacy

Page 3: Diploma-exhibition portfolio

laura_ve : MASTER DIPLOMA PROJECT _ (y)our alternative legacy WERGELAND-BERGENexhibition photos

Byparken

Nonneseter

Bystasjonen

Nygård

Florida

Danmarksplass

Kronstad

Brann stadion

Wergeland

Sletten

Slettebk

Fantoft

Paradis

Hop

NesttunN

(y)our  alternative  legacydeveloping urbanity along bergen light rail

urbandevelopmentbergen.blogspot.com

BYPLANLEGGING SOM VERKTØY for å oppnå mindre økologisk fotavtrykkfor fremtidige innbyggere.

- styrket mobilitet for gående, syklende etc.- kunnskap- lokal ressurs sirkel- lokal produksjon- lokal handel- styrket sosial tilhørighet

Page 4: Diploma-exhibition portfolio

laura_ve : MASTER DIPLOMA PROJECT _ (y)our alternative legacy WERGELAND-BERGENexhibition photos

posted by laura kl. 16:22Etiketter: :: background, :: process, :: workshop/confronta-tion

energy, rain and stormwa-ter catchment and treat-ment, and other “green” design practices #Increase current City stormwater capacity #Automobile depen-dence and transportation alternatives #Pedestrian streets, public space, and street design #The need to demon-strate effective ecological design, materials, and methods #Education and out-reach to the community #Advanced and in-novative watershed and stormwater management models #Sustainable public in-frastructure improvements #Linkages between environmental restoration and sustainable develop-ment

- stick to your local footprint, bergen rain/ stormwater, light rail/ less cars, walkable/ bikeable distance to kindergarten/shops/ activities, local gar-dens/food/seeds/action-ism ideas and dive in!!!!

look fwd to follow! vibeke jensen 17. april 2010 15:56

posted by laura kl. 16:22Etiketter: :: background, :: process, :: workshop/confronta-tion

energy, rain and stormwa-ter catchment and treat-ment, and other “green” design practices #Increase current City stormwater capacity #Automobile depen-dence and transportation alternatives #Pedestrian streets, public space, and street design #The need to demon-strate effective ecological design, materials, and methods #Education and out-reach to the community #Advanced and in-novative watershed and stormwater management models #Sustainable public in-frastructure improvements #Linkages between environmental restoration and sustainable develop-ment

- stick to your local footprint, bergen rain/ stormwater, light rail/ less cars, walkable/ bikeable distance to kindergarten/shops/ activities, local gar-dens/food/seeds/action-ism ideas and dive in!!!!

look fwd to follow! vibeke jensen 17. april 2010 15:56

posted by laura kl. 16:22Etiketter: :: background, :: process, :: workshop/confronta-tion

energy, rain and stormwa-ter catchment and treat-ment, and other “green” design practices #Increase current City stormwater capacity #Automobile depen-dence and transportation alternatives #Pedestrian streets, public space, and street design #The need to demon-strate effective ecological design, materials, and methods #Education and out-reach to the community #Advanced and in-novative watershed and stormwater management models #Sustainable public in-frastructure improvements #Linkages between environmental restoration and sustainable develop-ment

- stick to your local footprint, bergen rain/ stormwater, light rail/ less cars, walkable/ bikeable distance to kindergarten/shops/ activities, local gar-dens/food/seeds/action-ism ideas and dive in!!!!

look fwd to follow! vibeke jensen 17. april 2010 15:56

posted by laura kl. 16:22Etiketter: :: background, :: process, :: workshop/confronta-tion

energy, rain and stormwa-ter catchment and treat-ment, and other “green” design practices #Increase current City stormwater capacity #Automobile depen-dence and transportation alternatives #Pedestrian streets, public space, and street design #The need to demon-strate effective ecological design, materials, and methods #Education and out-reach to the community #Advanced and in-novative watershed and stormwater management models #Sustainable public in-frastructure improvements #Linkages between environmental restoration and sustainable develop-ment

- stick to your local footprint, bergen rain/ stormwater, light rail/ less cars, walkable/ bikeable distance to kindergarten/shops/ activities, local gar-dens/food/seeds/action-ism ideas and dive in!!!!

look fwd to follow! vibeke jensen 17. april 2010 15:56

posted by laura kl. 16:22Etiketter: :: background, :: process, :: workshop/confronta-tion

energy, rain and stormwa-ter catchment and treat-ment, and other “green” design practices #Increase current City stormwater capacity #Automobile depen-dence and transportation alternatives #Pedestrian streets, public space, and street design #The need to demon-strate effective ecological design, materials, and methods #Education and out-reach to the community #Advanced and in-novative watershed and stormwater management models #Sustainable public in-frastructure improvements #Linkages between environmental restoration and sustainable develop-ment

- stick to your local footprint, bergen rain/ stormwater, light rail/ less cars, walkable/ bikeable distance to kindergarten/shops/ activities, local gar-dens/food/seeds/action-ism ideas and dive in!!!!

look fwd to follow! vibeke jensen 17. april 2010 15:56

posted by laura kl. 16:22Etiketter: :: background, :: process, :: workshop/confronta-tion

energy, rain and stormwa-ter catchment and treat-ment, and other “green” design practices #Increase current City stormwater capacity #Automobile depen-dence and transportation alternatives #Pedestrian streets, public space, and street design #The need to demon-strate effective ecological design, materials, and methods #Education and out-reach to the community #Advanced and in-novative watershed and stormwater management models #Sustainable public in-frastructure improvements #Linkages between environmental restoration and sustainable develop-ment

- stick to your local footprint, bergen rain/ stormwater, light rail/ less cars, walkable/ bikeable distance to kindergarten/shops/ activities, local gar-dens/food/seeds/action-ism ideas and dive in!!!!

look fwd to follow! vibeke jensen 17. april 2010 15:56

IDE OM OPPGAVESTRATEGI OG PROBLEMSTILLING ETTER ANDRE KONFRONTASJON

Page 5: Diploma-exhibition portfolio

laura_ve : MASTER DIPLOMA PROJECT _ (y)our alternative legacy WERGELAND-BERGENexhibition photos

WORLD BIO - CAPASITY & ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

Wild species and natural ecosystems are under pressure across all biomes and regions of the 

:: habitat loss, fragmentation or change, especially due to agriculture

:: pollution:: the spread of invasive species or genes:: climate change(Livingplanet report)

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

Humanity depends on healthy ecosystems, they support or improve our quality of life, and with-out them, the Earth would be uninhabitable. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) de-scribes four categories of ecosystem services, starting with the most fundamental::: supporting services such as nutrient cycling:: soil formation and primary production provisioning services such as the production of food, freshwater, materials or fuel

pest control:: cultural (including aesthetic, spiritual, educational and recreational) services.

The MA reported that biodiversity loss contributes to food and energy insecurity, increased -

ability and quality of water, and the erosion of cultural heritage.Most supporting, regulating and cultural ecosystem services are not bought and sold com-mercially, so have no market value. Their decline sends no warning signal to the local or global 

producers and consumers, but often undermine the biodiversity and ecosystem services on which the production and consumption ultimately depend. The value of biodiversity to human 

planet that can support its human population and one which cannot.

In a globally interdependent economy, people increasingly use ecological capacity from afar. When China imports wood from Tanzania, or Europe imports beef from cattle raised on Brazil-ian soy, these countries are relying on biocapacity outside of their borders to provide the re-sources being consumed by their population.

Biocapacity is not evenly distributed around the world. The eight countries with the most bio-capacity ñ the United States, Brazil, Russia, China, Canada, India, Argentina and Australia ñ contain 50 per cent of the total world biocapacity. Three of the eight countries with the largest biocapacity ñ the United States, China and India ñ are ecological debtors, with their national 

Ecological debtor countries face increasing risk from a growing dependence on the biological capacity of others, while countries with ecological reserves can view their biological wealth as an asset that provides an important competitive advantage in an uncertain world. (Livingplanet report)

With the consumption level of the average Norwegian, equivalent to 6,8 gha (global hectares) in 2009 we would need about 4,5 planets to sustain our lifestyle, relative to the number of peo-ple inhabiting the planet now.   Increasing local bio-capasity, managing organic waste, re-use of goods and resources, local food production and accessibility for pedestrians will start the change and raise awareness around this.

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laura_ve : MASTER DIPLOMA PROJECT _ (y)our alternative legacy WERGELAND-BERGENexhibition photos

SHORT TRAVELED FOODand why this is important

Small-scale processed, locally manufactured and short-trav-elled food areimportant to the environmentally conscious as it relies on and support local economy and businesses. Supporting local food-businesses shifts our food system from a global set of production and economy more dependent on oil as energy source, and a system that consumes a lot more oil. The so called hundred mile diet, or low carbon diet as it is also called, minimizes the emissions released from the production, packaging, processing, transport, preparation and waste of food.Major tenets of a low carbon diet include eating less indus-trial meat and dairy, eating less industrially produced food in general, eating food grown locally and seasonally, eating less processed and packaged foods and reducing waste from food by proper portion size, recycling or composting.*1

Transport of food across great distances of land or sea in high speed refrigerated ships or airplanes is a contributor to carbon dioxide emissions in the food industry. Some studies have argued that growing food only accounts for 21% of the energy required for many food products. Transportation (14%), processing (16%), packaging (7%), food retailing (4%), restau-rants and caterers (7%) and home refrigeration and preparation (32%) account for the rest. *2

Locavore describes a person attempting to eat a diet consist-ing of foods harvested from within a 100-mile radius.

*1 (Randy Hall, “Low Carbon Diet’ Aims to Take Bite Out of Global Warming,” Cybercast News Service, April 18, 2007)

*2 (Danielle Murray, “Oil and Food: A Rising Security Challenge,” Earth Policy Institute, May 9, 2005)

blue dot : hundred mile diet outline of Bergen (160 km)

Bergen

12 13

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laura_ve : MASTER DIPLOMA PROJECT _ (y)our alternative legacy WERGELAND-BERGENexhibition photos

soil improvem

ent seeding planting

harv

estin

g

p

roce

ssin

g

consumption celebration waste-m

anagement

THE

URB

AN

GA

RDEN

ING

CYC

LE O

F LI

FE

introducing the food cyclethe cycle of life

Visualization of the processes involved around our need for food can increase our knowledge and awareness around its origin and the destination of the waste products. We have grown a global economy depending on huge amounts of oil, and we are currently in a position to neglect the recourses lost by throwing away the waste products, be it organic waste or excess food.

Using planning, regulations and education as tools we can little by little facilitate, encourage and show each other how to get more out of the local resources just lying there in front of us, spe-cially in a mild humid climate like in the city of Bergen, on the west coast of Norway.

Explaining the steps of the cycle;

soil improvement, organically, means f.ex charging the soil with nutrients using compost from organic waste, nutrient made from nettle leafs and by using clover, and other cover crops, to let the fields rest in between productive seasons. seeding; is the start of the productive season. Schools, kindergartens and private galleries and conservatories can be effective producers in this stage of the cycle. Either for own use or for sales. planting; in larger fields, agro-parks, vegetable gardens or in the conservatories and galleries; giving the seedlings good environment and enough space to grow into crops. harvesting; for direct use or when the time is right harvesting of the planted fields, the forest gardens, the forest, in the mountain or at sea. In surroundings like Bergen the opportunities are endless from early summer to late autumn.processing;the harvested raw is made into delicate products.consumption; sales of raw and processed local food-stuff in grocery stores, farmers markets, cafes and restaurants. And of course the food used directly from your private vegetable garden, gallery and conservatory.celebration; of the local products and produce with festivals, farmers markets or simply dinner parties with your family or neighbors.waste management; urban organic waste managed locally in small scale facilities. Compost makes excellent organic nutrient. Kept at a small scale the emission of the green gas methane is much less than in large facilities.

Page 8: Diploma-exhibition portfolio

laura_ve : MASTER DIPLOMA PROJECT _ (y)our alternative legacy WERGELAND-BERGENexhibition photos

escalated. Connecting Bergen to the rest og theworld with oil.

This development of Bergen (prioritating private car infra-structure) has continued up until today, and still seems to be the political mentality in the Region of Bergen.Bergen Municipality masters an area of 465,68km2. 50% of this landscape is above 160m. 4,4% is freshwater surface.

The urban areas are spread out over 108,5 km2, 23,3% of the total area of the Municipality,divided into eight boroughs. With 267 860 inhabitants it is not a big city.

3,5% of Bergens area is farmland supporting only 11 780 people with food, on a vegetarian diet.

through the year.

If all the 267 860 inhabitants was living on a vegetarian diet and it was all to be producedwithin the Municipality it would require 333,58 km2, 71,6% of

The Goverments amitions for the future is that we must be able to support ourselveswith 50% of consumed food within national borders to not put ourselves in a voulnerable position.Based on these goals and ambitions to lower our eco-foot-printsa change in local political mentality is required.

posted by laura kl. 15:22Etiketter: :: background, :: oil dependency, :: planning, :: politics, :: process, :: project, :: youralternativelegacy

tirsdag 27. juli 2010

BERGEN - LANDSCAPE, PRODUCTIVE LAND & NEEDS The city of Bergen is situated on the west coast of Norway and has been one of the most important national (and inter-national) harbours in its history, with connection to the rest of

The city is situated in a landscape with strongcaracter surrounded by 7 more or less steepmountains, shaped in arcs called Bergens buene.This hilly topography causes the caracteristichumid climate the city is known for; mild humidair from the North Sea and Atlantic comes in andis pushed up along the mountain sides, causing thetemperature to drop and rain. The topography ofBergen also makes city-planning challenging,regarding settlement pattern and infrastrucutralmobility strategies connected to settlement and

After centuries of beeing a city connected by seaand horse (and by foot naturally), from 1900Bergen developed connection-lines by rail.

Bergens banen crossing the mountain to theeastern part of Norway (Oslo) was built in thebeginning of the 20th century. But also within itscity-limits and to neighboring municipalities (nowsome included into Bergen Municipality) light raillines were developed, one of them turning intodays light rail stop, access-point : Wergeland.

From the middle of the 20th century the privatecar was more and more prioritated, and by massivedevelopment of the road system a new settlementpattern spread out caused by the accessibility ofthe car.

465,68 km

Bergen region

100 %=

2

Page 9: Diploma-exhibition portfolio

laura_ve : MASTER DIPLOMA PROJECT _ (y)our alternative legacy WERGELAND-BERGENexhibition photos

Bergen City Centre and its ten satelitecentres connected by roads,and now the light rail from the centreto Netun in south end of the valley.

Housing constructionOver the last 30 years housing construction has accounted for the greatest urban growth in terms of area. Despite the recent intensi�cation of housing construction in the centre, population growth has still been greatest in the outermost city districts. The current master plan of the municipalityintends to reverse this trend by utilising more development areas for housing and business purposes nearer the city centre.The recommendation is to build 1,500 new housing units per year during the plan period, with a clear focus on densi�cation in and around the centres of the city districts, the local centres and around the light railway stops. Sixty per cent of the building is planned as densi�cation and forty per cent as �eld development. The next few years will also see the construction of 2,000 new student housing units and other rental housing.

URBAN SPRAWL -and the settlement pattern of Bergen

Bergen City Centre and its ten satelitecentres connected by roads,and now the light rail from the centreto Netun in south end of the valley.

Housing constructionOver the last 30 years housing construction has accounted for the greatest urban growth in terms of area. Despite the recent intensi�cation of housing construction in the centre, population growth has still been greatest in the outermost city districts. The current master plan of the municipalityintends to reverse this trend by utilising more development areas for housing and business purposes nearer the city centre.The recommendation is to build 1,500 new housing units per year during the plan period, with a clear focus on densi�cation in and around the centres of the city districts, the local centres and around the light railway stops. Sixty per cent of the building is planned as densi�cation and forty per cent as �eld development. The next few years will also see the construction of 2,000 new student housing units and other rental housing.

URBAN SPRAWL -and the settlement pattern of Bergen

Page 10: Diploma-exhibition portfolio

laura_ve : MASTER DIPLOMA PROJECT _ (y)our alternative legacy WERGELAND-BERGENexhibition photos

30 000

25000

20 000

15 000

10 000

5 000

02010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100

28 1

41

21 2

79

13 9

92

10 5

80

ESTIMATED POPULATION GROWTH FOR WERGELAND (model view) 2010 -2100(based on 15% growth every ten years) SSB : 2010 - 2030 238% ESTIMATED GROWTH NEXT90 YEARS

DENSIFICATION STRATEGIES AND GROWTH CALCULATIONS

900 000

800 000

700 000

600 000

500 000

400 000

300 000

252 0512010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100

852

497

644

611

423

838

320

555

ESTIMATED POPULATION GROWTH FOR BERGEN 2010 -2100(based on 15% growth every ten years) SSB : 2010 - 2030 238% ESTIMATED GROWTH NEXT90 YEARS

POPULATION GROWTH

access-point : WERGELAND ; 2010 - 2030 + 2580

access-point : WERGELAND ; 2030 - 2050 + 3412

access-point : WERGELAND ; 2050 - 2080 + 7287

SIZE OF LIVING SPACE

one persons average living space 1980 = 34 m2 (102 m3)

one persons average living space 2003 = 162 m3

one persons living space after 2010= 90 m3 ( 30m3 x 3m hight)*

* large space is energy waste, smaller space is energy saving

posted by laura kl. 16:22Etiketter: :: background, :: process, :: workshop/confronta-tion

energy, rain and stormwa-ter catchment and treat-ment, and other “green” design practices #Increase current City stormwater capacity #Automobile depen-dence and transportation alternatives #Pedestrian streets, public space, and street design #The need to demon-strate effective ecological design, materials, and methods #Education and out-reach to the community #Advanced and in-novative watershed and stormwater management models #Sustainable public in-frastructure improvements #Linkages between environmental restoration and sustainable develop-ment

- stick to your local footprint, bergen rain/ stormwater, light rail/ less cars, walkable/ bikeable distance to kindergarten/shops/ activities, local gar-dens/food/seeds/action-ism ideas and dive in!!!!

look fwd to follow! vibeke jensen 17. april 2010 15:56

Page 11: Diploma-exhibition portfolio

laura_ve : MASTER DIPLOMA PROJECT _ (y)our alternative legacy WERGELAND-BERGENexhibition photos

KONSEPTUELLE STRATEGIER FOR MOBILITET

1. eksisterende forbindelseslinje med Bybanen og “access points” på stoppene2. organisere gatestruktur til å forsterke tilgjengeligheten til stoppet / “the access-point”3. åpne opp for “snarveier” (sykkel og gangstier) gjennom bakgårder; øker trygghet med synliggjøring (“watching windows”), øker hyppigheten av sosiale møter, øker tilgjengeligheten.

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laura_ve : MASTER DIPLOMA PROJECT _ (y)our alternative legacy WERGELAND-BERGENexhibition photos

1.

2.

3. 3.a 3.b

KONSEPTUELLE STRATEGIER FOR FORTETTING

1. harde flater til myke flater - grått til grønt, gir bedre utnyttelse2. “fill in” volum - legg til nye volum innimellom eksisterende struktur, skaper “innsider” og “utsider”- offentlige gater og semi private bakgårder3. flere sosiale møter ved å legge til aktivitet og trekke ut noe av aktiviteten fra innsiden av boligene i den tillagte “fill-in” strukturen. Glasshus og innebygde balkonger på og mellom husene skaper en klimatisk mellom-sone som utvider sesongen for uteaktiviteter og øker den visuelle kontakten mellom mennesker, forbipasserende og naboer. Utvider vekst-sesongen i forhold til produksjon.

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laura_ve : MASTER DIPLOMA PROJECT _ (y)our alternative legacy WERGELAND-BERGENexhibition photos

DENSIFICATION STRATEGIES300 circle & TRAVEL CORRIDORS

Densification of the travel lines with buildings, green and programmes attracts people to walk and bike, as there is more to experience on the way to work etc.Adding building volumes into the existing structure to intensify an urban street feeling,is important especially along the travel corridors leading to the acces-points.This improves the “street feeling”, ap-posed to a “road feeling”, decreasing urban sprawl.

Within the 300 mtrs radius of the access point it is strategical to build tall and tight (high density of business and housing), to keep the accessibil-ity to many haigh.Closer is shorter is more accessible.

Desification of green zones becomes higher as one travel further out of the 300 circle and into the areas of lower density.

in the 300 circle radius;tall and tight to make the ligaht rail stop accessible to more people.

fill in structures intensifies the street feeling.allowing office,-shop,-café or other commercial/public/open window activities to the street level intensifies the feeling of an urban environ-ment

ACTIVE & QUIET : STREETS AND PLACES

Striving for inviting ( vs. privatized / repellent) environments in the streets and squares it is important to get people out of the buildings. Without visual connection between people in the streets they appear empty and unattractive. Closed facades, especially on street level is experienced as uninviting.Shops on ground level of the build-ings makes streets, places and spaces experienced more public, and it attracts activity. By applying galleries on the outside of the facades, and conservatories in between, people living there get a climatic zone between inside and outside. This can help extract some activity from the inside, and increase more outside activity.

The season is extended.

UTSTILLINGS PLANSJER FOR URBAN PLAN

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laura_ve : MASTER DIPLOMA PROJECT _ (y)our alternative legacy WERGELAND-BERGENexhibition photos

UTSTILLINGS PLANSJER FOR URBAN PLAN

FOREST GARDENS &“URBAN WILDS”

Blueberries, strawberries,raspberries, blackberries,hazelnuts, rhubarb, mountain cranberries, wild garlic...

Forest gardens and urban wilds gives us the opportunities to harvest berries, fruits and nuts, and it attracts birds and insects away from the crops in the gar-dens, public agro-parks and the production fields.

1.CANOPY (LARGE FRUIT & NUT TREES)2. LOW TREE LAYER (DWARF FRUIT TREES)3. SHRUB LAYER ( CURRANTS & BERRIES)

4. HERBACEOUS ( COMFREYS, BEETS, HERBS)5. RHIZOSPHERE ( ROOT VEDGETABLES)

6. SOUIL SURFACE ( GROUND COVER, EG, STRAWBERRY, ETC.)

7. VERTICAL LAYER (CLIBERS, VINES)

FOREST GARDEN:SEVEN LEVEL BENEFICIAL GUILD.

forest garden zones in the urban plan

SURFACE WATER TREATMENTDealing with water on the surface addsqualities to the urban, rurban and rural environment.Green roofs, wetlands and permeable surfaces filters the water before it enters streams and ponds/lakes. Surroundings like this also helps fighturban heat island effect in the grey environment of the city.In an urban gardening environment, surface water installations can also work for irrigation of gardens and fields.

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laura_ve : MASTER DIPLOMA PROJECT _ (y)our alternative legacy WERGELAND-BERGENexhibition photos

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laura_ve : MASTER DIPLOMA PROJECT _ (y)our alternative legacy WERGELAND-BERGENexhibition photos