Enhancing Literacy and Curriculum Using

Digitalized Collections and Approaches

Bill Lukenbill, Professor Emeritus

University of Texas at Austin

UTA 5.442 – D8600

Austin, Texas 78701-1213

USA

Diversity Challenge Resilience: School Libraries in Action - The 12th Biennial School Library Association of Queensland, the 39th International Association of School

Librarianship Annual Conference, incorporating the 14th International Forum on Research in School Librarianship,

Brisbane, QLD Australia, 27 September – 1 October 2010.

1. Digitized collections offer a wealth of

resources for improving a wide variety

of literacies.

Why Digitization?

2. Promote critical thinking skills and

creative.

3. Enhances instruction and curriculum.

What Is Digitalization?

Digitization is the process of converting analog

information into digital format.

Analog signals are continuous electrical signals. Digital signals are non-continuous.

1. Analog

2. Digital

3. Binary coded digital

The materials to be converted can include

letters,

manuscripts,

books,

photographs,

Materials and Digital Conversion

photographs,

maps, audio recordings,

microforms, motion pictures, ephemera

three-dimensional objects

medical objects.

.

Goal: Providing Access

The goal of digitization is to improve access

to the materials and to preserve materials

for future use. To that end, most digitized

materials become searchable via the

Internet and other forms of electronic mediaInternet and other forms of electronic media

The World Community and Digitalized Information

1. Governments around the world offer an

abundance of digitalized information, often

with curriculum guidance.

2. Content and evaluation of government

materials

2. Widespread availability of digitalization

affects our perception of the world and our

attitudes and beliefs about the world as a

community.

Problems and Issues

1. Digitized collections and processes are

increasing rapidly in their development and

availability.

2. Issues such as :

public access, copyright laws, public access, copyright laws,

limitations on use, integration of both free,

self-created and commercially available

digitalized materials into curriculum and

instruction.

Evidence-Based Learning

Question: Can evidence-based research support

the claim that electronic learning facilitates

literacy?

Evidence-based learning centers on hard evidence

showing the effectiveness of instruction.

How Effective Is Digital Learning?

Evidence-Based Learning Is Influenced by Medical Practice

The “If” Questions

If evidence-based learning shows digitalization is

effective, it might free us from older theories and

practices about how students learn and allow us to

look at learning and the methods of learning in new look at learning and the methods of learning in new

ways.

Examples of Processes

and ProductsConversion into digital format requires devices

that can transform analog signals into

digitalized signals. Typically this is done by

scanning, digital photography, and digital

recordingrecording.

PROCESSES1. Collaboration (scientific and educational)

2. Text to digital (print items) (e.g., ebooks, ejournals)

3. Preservation of library, museum, and archival items

4. Records and their management (health records,

business files and data)

5. Fictional creation, interactions and gaming

6. Medical imaging

7. Music and video.

8. Instruction and Virtual Learning

Synchronous technologies

Web-based VoIP

Telephone

Videoconferencing

Web conferencing

Direct-broadcast satelliteDirect-broadcast satellite

Internet radio

Live streaming

Teaching Technologies

Asynchronous technologies

Audiocassette

E-mail

Message board forums

Print materials

Voice Mail/Fax

Videocassette/DVD

On Demand Streaming

(Delayed)

Web 2.0

Web 2.0 allows schools to have many

ways of making digitalization products

and instruction available to students.

Web applications … facilitate interactive

information sharing, interoperability,

user-centered design, and collaboration

on the World Wide Web.

.

Web 2.0 and Personal Interaction

A Web 2.0 site gives its users the free

choice to interact or collaborate with each

other in a social media dialogue as creators

(prosumer) of user-generated content in a

virtual community.

Examples of Web 2.0 include:

social-networking sites, blogs, wikis,

video-sharing sites, hosted services, web

applications, smashups and folksonomies

(Definitions: “folksonomies”, e.g., collaborative

Format Examples of Web 2.0

(Definitions: “folksonomies”, e.g., collaborative

tagging, social classification, social indexing,

and social tagging);

“smashups is a Web page or application that uses

and combines data, presentation or functionality

from two or more sources to create new services).

[Source for definitions and examples: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki ].

Helpful Guides

Scott

Kelby

Miranda Doyle

Lynne

Schrum and

Barbara B.

LevinRoss

Harvey

Literacy and Digitalization

across the Curriculum

Reading and Writing Literacy

Cultural Literacy

Art and Visual Literacy

Science LiteracyScience Literacy

Health Literacy

Visual Literacy.

Examples from Beverly E. Crane

Language Arts – Blogging

A blog is a personal log where information can be

placed and updated:

Instructional Examples

placed and updated:

Discussions and questions about literature

Personal writing on topics

Book reviews

Storytelling

Oral histories

Sharing of photographs, digital videos,

sound files and other media.

History and Geography – Podcasts

Podcasts transmit audio or visual content automatically

over a network via free subscription (e.g., RSS. Atom

feeds).

Geography. Students create and give clues as to

where they are located in the world.

History. Students create information about historical

events, (e.g., immigration based on primary sources,

interviews, films, stories, oral histories, etc.)

For suggestions, see “K-12 Handhelds” at

http://k12handhelds.com/podcasting.php

Social Sciences -- Wikis

A wiki is a collaboratively developed and

upgraded website, e.g., Wikipedia.

Historical events

Local and community history

Local demographics

Mapping projects

For examples see:

http://educationalwikis.wikispaces.com

Mapping projects

Health and history

Sociology of community

Art and Visual Literacy

Artistic techniquesArtistic stylesArt in historyBiography of artists

Science and Environment Literacy

Other Curriculum Areas

that Support Digitalization

Science and Environment Literacy

EnergyAstronomyBiology

Health Literacy

Health issues in communities Prevention and careSports medicine and exercises

Examples of Digitalized

Resources

BBC Digital Curriculum

BBC – Reading, Writing, & Thinking, grades 6-9

The British Library

Bibliothèque nationale de France

The Cuban National Library

International Children’s Digital Library—University of Maryland, USA

New York Public Library’s Digital Gallery

U. S. Dept. of Agriculture –National Library of Agriculture

U.S. Dept. of State. Bureau of International Information Programs

The Library of Congress

The U.S. Library of Congress

Lesson Plans

U. S. Library of Congress—World Digital Library

U. S. National Library of Medicine

U. S. National Library of Medicine –History of Medicine

University of Texas at Austin Libraries –Digital Map Collection

Access to and Using Electronic Collections

Copyright laws in each country vary but most countries protect the right of creators to control the distribution of their intellectual works.

The United States provides limited use through its “Fair Use” provision:

1. The purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of commercial including whether such use is of commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes

2. The nature of the copyrighted work3. The amount and substantiality of the portion

used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole

4. The effect of the use upon the potential market for, or value of, the copyrighted work.

Students’ Rights to Copyright Protection

Principle of the creator having control of his or her materials

Do students have the right to their digitalized materials Do students have the right to their digitalized materials produced within a school assignment or expectation?

Do school have control over the student’s creation?

Policy: Schools may ask or even require students to sign over their rights so that it becomes the property ofthe school for later use.

Acceptable Use

Standards and Policies

Certain norms of behavior and attitudes of respect are expected.

Establish an Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)

“AUP is a written agreement, signed by students, their parents, “AUP is a written agreement, signed by students, their parents, and teachers outlining the terms and condition of Internet Use” (Crane 2009, p. 3) and expectations for student-produced digitalized resources

Cultural Differences and Respect

Encourage students to produce and distribute digitalized products that

respect and are sensitive to differing cultural and social norms:

Gender roles,

Religious symbols

National Images

Social issues

Narratives as well as pictorial displays must be considered in terms of

cultural differences and respect (International Council of

Museums/Conseil International des Musées, 2006).

Filtering Censorship and Government Controls

Many governments, including most American states and the U. S.

federal government have passed filtering laws in order to protect

students from harmful content from the Internet.

Filtering programs often use keywords to screen and

prevent information from being posted. Some examples:

Human anatomy

Diseases associated with body parts

Controversial personal lives

Legitimate information is then barred although it may contain scientific

and/or academically accepted information

Creating School Websites

.

Many schools published websites for both information for the

school as well as educational and instructional purposes.

Programs for website creation include:

Dreamweaver an Adobe program that is widely used by

educators to create high-end websites (educators to create high-end websites (

http://www.adobe.com/products/dreamweaver)

Weekly (http://www.weebly.com)

Google Sites

(http://www.google.com/sites/overview.html)

PBWorks in Education

(http://pbworks.com/content/edu+overview)

Library Website created with PBWorks in Education

Google provides a wide-range of applications for digital work:

Apps [Applications].

Alerts

Blogs

Documents

Groups

Earth

NotebookNotebook

Reader

Graphic Organizer

Section for educators (Google resources; Crane 2009, p

110).

Voice Thread

Ed.VoiceThread, part of VoiceThread, is:

a “communications network for K-12 students and educators.” (Crane 2009, pp. 134-150).

• Create and work together “on digital stories and documentaries,documentaries,

• Practicing and documenting language skills,• Explore geography and culture,• Solve math problems, • Study multiculturalism and foreign languages

See: http://ed.voicethread.com/about/features.

Social Networking in Education (Wikipedia, Social Network).

A social structure made of individuals (or organizations) called ‘nodes,

Nodes are connected by one or more specific types of

interdependency:

friendship

kinship

beliefs

knowledgeknowledge

prestige

Schools can use social networking well, but there are precautions that

must be observed such as ensuring inappropriate behavior will not

occur: (“Kim Klein : Weblog…” at

http://community.saugususd.org/jklein/weblog/441.html).

Klein suggests that those who are pondering social networking as an

instructional tool visit http://education.ning.com..

The eBook in School Libraries

Questions and Issues

Best practices for library ebook collections

New and evolving models for ebook content discovery

and delivery.

http://ebook-

summit.com

Content offerings: How to identify and evaluate

content

Platform vendors and device availability and library

needs

Source: Patricia Bordelon and Leslie Smith. LASL

Presentation : “EBooks and School Libraries: Will We Be

Bookless>”

http://lasl2.wikispaces.com/LASL+MidWinter+Conference

What Are the Advantages?

Accessibility

Cheaper when compared with traditional materials

Note Taking

Embedded media and links

Quick updating

May engage students more

What are the Disadvantages?

Limited number of sources

No standard format

Technological needs

Page access difficulties

Ebook Contents Availability

Materials:

EBSCO

Gale eBooks – Reference Made Easy (e.g., Literature for

Students Online)

Newsbank

Scribner Writers Series

Twayne’s Authors Series

Textbooks (e.g., various pubs.)

Journals and newspapers

Documents

Acquisitions and Review Sources

Distributors and sources

Review

sources

Distributors and sources

Venues for eBooks

Personal eReaders (various models Sony, Kindle, Nook,

Ebookwise)

Computers with Internet connections to supplier

Schools and Public Library (purchase and rental contracts)

Ellen Brooks West Memorial Library of Forney, Forney Ellen Brooks West Memorial Library of Forney, Forney

Texas (High School)

Illinois State Library (sharing program with public and

school libraries)

New York Public Library

Starting an eBook Program: Some Ideas

Investigate acceptance by students and faculty, cost, policies and

procedures needs. Technical needs (circulation and control systems)

Access the existing availability of readers and laptops, etc.

Start with required courses (e.g., English Literature)

Consider the advantages of having etextbooks available through the Consider the advantages of having etextbooks available through the

library

Offer eReference and eNonfiction support

Provide access to ePopular fiction

Provide for technical help

Develop a selection and acquisition plan and policy

(including contract provisions)

Let’s Conclude

Comments and Questions

Digitalization:

→Celebrates the wonders of electronic

technology and the rapid expansions of information.

→Meets and satisfies the intellectual and developmental needs

of students as they prepare to move into today’s complexof students as they prepare to move into today’s complex

world.

→Education within digital frameworks must always be humane,

paying close attention to ethnic and personal diversities,

cultures, and school environments and expectations that arise

with these sources (“Study on Value Orientation of Educational

Resources' Digitization”).

→Digitalization means change not only in how we teach and

learn, but how we accommodate change itself.

References on Request

Bill Lukenbill – Professor Emeritus Bill Lukenbill – Professor Emeritus

luke@ischool.utexas.edu