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This presentation slides were presented in a concurrent session presentation at the meeting of AECT 2013 International Convention, Anaheim, CA.
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Digital Natives: Do they have necessary technology skills for a career in teaching?
Taehyeong Lim, Ji Hei Kang, and Vanessa DennenFlorida State University
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Introduction & Background
• Who are Digital Natives?
“Our students today are all native speakers of the digital language of computers, video games and
the Internet” (Prensky, 2001, p.1)”
• Digital Natives in Education
-ISTE NETS for teachers and pre-service teachers
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Introduction & Background
• What are the problems to pre-service teachers as
Digital Natives?
- Pre-service teachers as Digital Natives are not proficient
with using specific classroom technologies (Lei, 2009).
- There may be a mismatch between their self-developed
technology skills and those needed in the work force.
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Purpose of the Study
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To examine the difference between pre-service teachers’ current technology skills and those they will
need in the work force
Research Questions1. Do today’s pre-service teachers’ incoming technology
skills match those skills desired in the work forces?2. What skills do they need to further develop?
Method
• Participants
: 83 undergraduate students enrolled in a technology course that satisfied both general computing and teacher education requirements.
• Survey –Online Questionnaire
: At the beginning of the semester, they were asked to answer the online questionnaire
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Method• Survey-Questionnaires
• Data Analysis: Frequency analysis Chi-square analysis
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Variables Type Examples
Usefulness 5-point “How USEFUL you believe it is for K-12 teachers”Not useful–Slightly useful–Useful–Very useful–Don’t know
Comfort 4-point “How comfortable are you with using each of technology”Not – Slightly – Comfortable - Very
Familiarity 4-point“How familiar you were PRIOR TO THIS COURSE with each technology”Not – Slightly – Familiar - Very
Method
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List of 19 technologies • Podcasts (as a listener)
• Email • Podcasts (as a creator)
• Facebook • RSS Feeds
• Blogs (as a reader) • MS Word
• Blogs (as an author) • MS PowerPoint
• Blackboard • MS Excel
• Web browsers • Inspiration *Mindmap
• Google • Wikis
• Google+ • Twitter
• Google Scholar • Web Site Creation• Baltaci-Goktalay, S., & Ozdilek, Z. (2010)• Chen, W., Lim, C., & Tan, A. (2010)• Lei (2009)
Result• Perceived Usefulness (N=83)
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Technology Very Useful Useful Slightly Useful Not Useful Don’t Know
Email 77 6 0 0 0
Facebook 15 25 33 10 0
Blog reader 26 30 17 4 5
Blog author 27 31 16 4 5
Blackboard 66 11 1 4 1
Web browser 68 15 0 0 0
Google 69 12 1 0 1
Google+ 12 16 17 12 26
Google Scholar 22 14 6 2 39
Podcast listener 13 23 26 4 17
Podcast creator 11 23 20 7 20
RSS Feeds 3 11 7 5 57
MS Word 75 6 1 0 1
MS PowerPoint 76 5 0 1 1
MS Excel 49 15 10 2 7
Inspiration 7 5 3 4 62
Wikis 11 12 7 6 46
Twitter 11 24 30 13 5
Website Creation 17 28 14 3 21
Result
• Perceived Usefulness (%)
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Web Bro
wsers
MS W
ord
MS P
owerPoint
Blackboard
MS E
xcel
Blogs (as a
n author)
Blogs (as a
reader)
Web Si
te Creation
Face
book
Google Scholar
Podcast
(as a lis
tener)
Podcast
(as a cr
eator)
Google+W
ikis
RSS Fe
eds
Inspira
tion0
20
40
60
80
100
Usefulness (N=83)
Usefulness
Very Useful + Useful
Result• Comfort (N=83)
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Technology Very Comfortable Comfortable Slightly Comfortable Not Comfortable
Email 79 3 0 1
Facebook 79 2 1 1
Blog reader 27 37 13 6
Blog author 16 33 24 10
Blackboard 67 14 1 1
Web browser 69 13 0 1
Google 74 6 0 1
Google+ 6 36 32 9
Google Scholar 7 17 43 16
Podcast listener 16 35 18 14
Podcast creator 1 12 40 29
RSS Feeds 5 7 36 35
MS Word 71 9 1 1
MS PowerPoint 61 20 1 1
MS Excel 20 33 25 5
Inspiration 2 5 40 36
Wikis 9 18 32 24
Twitter 39 23 16 5
Website Creation 2 13 35 33
Result• Familiarity (N=83)
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Technology Very Familiar Familiar Slightly Familiar Not Familiar
Email 78 4 0 1
Facebook 77 4 1 1
Blog reader 16 34 23 10
Blog author 9 26 29 19
Blackboard 63 16 3 1
Web browser 63 19 0 1
Google 73 8 1 1
Google+ 7 32 26 17
Google Scholar 7 14 30 31
Podcast listener 3 31 28 20
Podcast creator 1 5 29 48
RSS Feeds 3 6 23 51
MS Word 70 12 0 1
MS PowerPoint 57 25 0 1
MS Excel 20 34 23 5
Inspiration 1 3 39 39
Wikis 8 24 29 22
Twitter 37 23 18 5
Website Creation 2 14 29 37
Result
• Usefulness, Comfort, and Familiarity (Frequency)
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Web Bro
wsers
MS Word
MS PowerPoint
Blackboard
MS Excel
Blogs (as a
n author)
Blogs (as a
reader)
Web Site
Creation
Google Scholar
Podcast
(as a lis
tener)
Podcast
(as a cr
eator)
Google+W
ikis
RSS Feeds
Inspira
tion0
1020304050607080
UsefulnessComfortFamiliar
Result• Chi-Square between Usefulness AND Comfort
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Technology Useful/Not Useful(frequency)
Comfortable/Not Comfortable(frequency)
Chi-Square
MS Excel* 64/19 53/30 χ²(1, N=83)=7.79, p=.005
Blog author* 58/25 49/34 χ²(1, N=83)=5.36, p=.021
Blog reader* 56/26 64/18 χ²(1, N=82)=6.06, p=.014
Website Creation 45/38 15/68 χ²(1, N=83)=2.70, p=.101
Pod listener* 36/47 51/32 χ²(1, N=83)=4.93, p=.026
Google Scholar* 36/47 24/59 Χ²(1, N=83)=13.75, p=.000
Twitter* 35/48 62/21 χ²(1, N=83)=3.89, p=.049
Pod creator* 34/46 13/67 χ²(1, N=80)=4.54, p=.033
Google+* 28/55 42/41 χ²(1, N=83)=10.06, p=.002
Wiki* 23/59 26/56 χ²(1, N=82)=21.16, p=.000
Excluded Technologies due to the expected count in each cell was less than 5:Email, Facebook, Blackboard, Web Browser, Google, MS Word, MS PowerPoint, RSS Feeds, and Inspiration
Result• Chi-Square between Usefulness AND Familiarity
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Technology Useful/Not Useful(frequency)
Familiar/Not Familiar(frequency)
Chi-Square
MS Excel 63/19 54/28 χ²(1, N=82)=3.76, p=.053
Blog author* 58/25 35/48 χ²(1, N=83)=5.36, p=.021
Blog reader 56/26 50/32 χ²(1, N=82)=3.52, p=.061
Website Creation 44/38 16/66 χ²(1, N=82)=1.82, p=.177
Pod listener* 35/47 34/48 χ²(1, N=82)=8.65, p=.003
Google Scholar* 35/47 21/61 Χ²(1, N=82)=16.90, p=.000
Twitter 35/48 60/23 χ²(1, N=83)=1.80, p=.180
Google+* 28/54 39/43 χ²(1, N=82)=24.82, p=.000
Wiki* 23/59 31/51 χ²(1, N=82)=13.71, p=.000
Excluded Technologies due to the expected count in each cell was less than 5:Email, Facebook, Blackboard, Web browser, Google, Pod creator, RSS Feeds, MS Word,MS PowerPoint, and Inspiration
Conclusion
• The participants perceived that 10 technologies will be useful in their work forces.
: Email, Web Browsers, MS Word, MS PowerPoint, Google, Blackboard,
MS Excel, Blog as Author, Blog as Reader, and Website Creation.
• The participants perceived that they are comfortable and familiar with the most of 10 technologies.
• However, the participants need to more develop Blogs as Author and Website Creation skills.
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RQ. Do today’s pre-service teachers’ incoming technology skills match those skills desired in the work forces? What skills do they need to further develop?
Implication
• College of Education needs to consider what technologies Digital Natives will need to use as teachers when designing curriculum for pre-service teachers.
• Technology courses for pre-service teachers may be tailored to appropriately focus on areas where existing skills may be weakest.
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Limitation & Future Study
Limitations• Reliability cannot be measured due to single item question• Small number of participants• 19 technologies cannot cover all current technology• Technology trends are rapidly changing
Future Study• What technologies are actually useful for in-service
teachers?
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References• Baltaci-Goktalay, S., & Ozdilek, Z. (2010). Pre-service teachers’
perceptions about web 2.0 technologies. Procedia-Social and Behavioral
Sciences, 2(2), 4737-4741.
• Chen, W., Lim, C., & Tan, A. (2010). Pre-service teachers’ ICT
experiences and competencies: New generation of teachers in digital
age. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computers
in Education. Putrajaya, Malaysia: Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in
Education.
• Lei, J. (2009). Digital natives as preservice teachers: what technology
preparation is needed? Journal of Computing in Teacher Education,
25(3), 87-97.
• Prensky, M. (2001). Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants Part 1. On the
Horizon, 9(5), 1-6. doi: 10.1108/10748120110424816
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