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Guided / Exploratory Approach Group 2 EDUC 112 F

Different Teaching Approaches and Methods

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Page 1: Different Teaching Approaches and Methods

Guided / Exploratory Approach

Group 2 EDUC 112 F

Page 2: Different Teaching Approaches and Methods

1. Inquiry Approach

Page 3: Different Teaching Approaches and Methods

1. Inquiry Approach • Sometimes termed as “discovery,” “heuristic” and “problem solving”

• Obtaining information through direct experiences

• The teacher guides the students as they explore and discover.

• This allows some degree of freedom, thus the children develop initiative and divergent thinking.

• This approach affords them a good chance to pursue their own learning methodologies and in the long run build on their own learning styles.

• A deep sense of responsibility is developed

• Facts and concepts that children discover by themselves become stored as part of their permanent learning.

• Builds up children’s feeling of confidence

• Strengthens one’s intellectual capabilities

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2. Problem Solving Method

Page 5: Different Teaching Approaches and Methods

2. Problem Solving Method• A teaching strategy that employs the scientific method in searching for information

• (1) sensing and defining the problem, (2) formulating hypothesis, (3) testing the likely hypothesis by observing, conducting an experiment, collecting and organizing data

• Used most often in science and mathematics classes

• Students are trained to be sensitive to any puzzling situation or to any difficult situation that needs to be solved.

• Serves as a strong motivation

• Develops higher level thinking skills, responsibility, originality and resourcefulness, critical thinking, open-mindedness, and wise judgment (much-needed ingredients for independent study)

• Students become appreciative and grateful for the achievement of scientists.

• The students learn to accept the opinions and evidence shared by others.

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3. Project Method

Page 7: Different Teaching Approaches and Methods

3. Project Method• A teaching method that requires the students to present in concrete form the

results of information gathered about a concept, principle or innovation

• Data can be organized and presented in the form of a model, a dramatization or any visual illustration

• The project may be a task or a product.

• Emphasizes “learning by doing”

• Students become resourceful and innovative.

• Adds to one’s feeling of accomplishment and satisfaction

• Develop the spirit of cooperation and sharing of ideas in group projects

• Students become productive and enterprising.

Page 8: Different Teaching Approaches and Methods

4. Metacognitive Approach

Page 9: Different Teaching Approaches and Methods

4. Metacognitive Approach• “meta” means beyond

• An approach that goes beyond cognition; makes students think about their thinking

• Making students conscious of their thought processes while they are thinking

• Effective problem-solvers subvocalize; that is they talk to themselves frequently

• Another example is to have our students describe what is going on in their mind.

• THINKING ALOUD SIMPLY MEANS SAYING ALOUD WHAT YOU ARE THINKING. THAT’S ALL!

Page 10: Different Teaching Approaches and Methods

5. The Constructivist Approach

Page 11: Different Teaching Approaches and Methods

5. The Constructivist Approach• Views learning as an active process that results from self-constructed meanings

• A meaningful connection is established between prior knowledge and the present learning activity

• Every individual constructs and reconstructs meanings depending on past experiences. They continue reflecting and evaluating accumulated knowledge with an end view of constructing new meanings.

• The absorption or assimilation of knowledge is somewhat personal and therefore no two learners can build up the same meaning out of one situation.

• Reflection is an important activity wherein the learner recaptures an experience, thinks about it and evaluates it.

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6. Reflective Teaching

Page 13: Different Teaching Approaches and Methods

6. Reflective Teaching • Anchored on the ability of the teacher to guide students to reflect on their

own experiences in order to arrive at new understandings and meanings

• According to Dewey, reflective teaching is “behavior which involves active, persistent and careful consideration of any belief or practice.”

• Involves a thoughtful analysis of a teacher’s actions, decisions and results of teaching

• Teacher’s ethic of caring – ethically bound to understand one’s students

• (1) confirmation, (2) dialogue, and (3) cooperative practice

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7. Cooperative Learning Approach

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7. Cooperative Learning Approach• Makes use of a classroom organization where students work in groups or teams to help

each other learn

• Two important components, namely:

• A cooperative incentive structure – one where two or more individuals are interdependent for a reward

• A cooperative task structure – a situation in which two or more individuals are allowed, encouraged or required to work together on some tasks, coordinating their efforts to complete the task

• Teams are made up of mixed abilities – high, average and low achievers.

• Develops skills of cooperation and collaboration, friendliness, willingness to assist and the more worthwhile value of caring and sharing

• Promotes maximum generation and exchange of ideas, tolerance and respect for other people’s points of view

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8. Peer tutoring / Peer teaching

Page 17: Different Teaching Approaches and Methods

8. Peer tutoring / Peer teaching• It is said that “the best way to learn something is to teach it.”

• Learning with the help of a classmate tutor who belongs more or less to the same age group

• Make students teach other in a “Pair, Think, Share!” manner.

• Commonly employed when the teacher requests the older, brighter and more cooperative member of the class to tutor other classmates

• Tutoring arrangement may be in any of the following:

• Instructional tutoring – older students help younger ones

• Same age tutoring

• Monitorial tutoring – the class is divided into groups and monitors are assigned to lead each group

• Structural tutoring – administered by trained tutors

• Semi-structured tutoring

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9. Partner learning

Page 19: Different Teaching Approaches and Methods

9. Partner learning• Learning with a partner

• Assigning “study buddy”

Page 20: Different Teaching Approaches and Methods

Guided / Exploratory Approach1. Inquiry Approach

2. Problem Solving Method

3. Project Method

4. Metacognitive Approach

5. The Constructivist Approach

6. Reflective Teaching

7. Cooperative Learning Approach

8. Peer tutoring / Peer teaching

9. Partner learning