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Estrateqia: Como usar el diccionario

.1:. pur, of the writing process, vou may have to look up unJamiliar q,ords in abilingual dictionarv occasionarv. Thd is something that should be done withcare. The following suggestions may be helpful wlien ,rsi^g a bilinguar dicdo-

nary; as 'ou

read them, complete the activities on a separate Jreet of {aper.:

A. No abuses del diccionario. while your Spanish vocabulary may be lim-1"d:.9o notrely on the dictionary excess-ively for the spanish equir.alents oflnglish 1'or{s or phrases. First, try to apply the strategy t},"t *", inkoduced inC.hapter 5 rrith regard to simplifling the E"g-iish sentenc?. Because there is morethan one $-av of saring,the same thing, soiretimes restating the ideas in Englishwill allorf r-ou to ti"a"tft" appropriatJ'Spur,isf, phrase without using the dictio.na.ry. when simplifving, avoid using slang or c-olloquiar pfuases thJt may com-plicate the sentence

First, simpli-r'the following Engiish sentences; then gi'e the spanish equivalentfor each one.

Modelo

I was grounded for two weeks.

Simplify:My parents did not allow me to go out for flvo weeks.Mis parlres no me permitieron salir por dos senTawts.

1. Latchkev kids need adult supen ision.2. Due to the financiar instabiliw- of the firm, I plan io change jobs.

B' conoce tu diccionario. The dictionary is a resource tool that, nhen usedproperlv, r'ill pro'ide you with a rn'ealth of information. It is, therefore, i*pe*_tive that you become familiar n'ith its content. It is also important to note thatsome dictionaries are designed to be more user-friendli,- than oth".r. Most dictio.naries ha'e an introductory section that sen,es as a guide on using the book suc_cessfuIlv' In addition, it may include a diagram that"explairs a typical entry.1. First, familiarize 1'ourself with vour personal dictionarv. Read the introduc_

tory section and, if it contains one, examine the diagtam that exprains a typi_cal entry'' Be sure to record any abbreviations thatire unfamiliar or are notidentified so that you can discuis them in class-2. Read and examine caref'lly the following entry from The Amnican Heritage

Lar ou sse S p anish D ictiona ry.what do vou think the cras- tQ"Grfi. ,fr ,G^fr*G*,t,,€,sifications "1" and"il" ll,t T $? i:L u,"i,i,ii'ui d;I;;7; hinder) estor-mean? |

bar; (ro hold up) entretener -inrr. (io procrastinare)

. ldemorarse: (ro linger).wdar IL s. (act)-demora; (posi_

Why are the abbreviations lponement) postergarci6n f.; (rine) ;.,.;;';;;;Jir;;"k'" and "nrr." used h the l:fi3'#1"i'J';,:XL::"'

minuri d- er tren Ilegarii con

first section?

-.g\qvv\rvv\Alhat do the abbreviations"s." bnd "f-" mean in thesecond section?

Capitulo 6 219

ln this particuJar dictionary the fust section of this enir,. is for verbs (uerbos) thatare transitive (a verb that is accompanied by a direA object) artd inkansitive (averb that doEs not take a direct object). The second sec=on is devoted to subjectsor nouns (susiantiaos), and the "f." that follows the eky postngaci6n indicatesthat it is a feminine noun- This order of presentation rrEv be reversed dependingon the most frequent use of the word.

C. Usa tu diccionario con cuidado. When looki-.g up a rvord, you shouldfust ideniifv the part of speech of the word you need and the context in rvhichyou will use it. By knowing the part of speech (that G, rvhether a rvord is fu:rc-tioning as a noun, verb, adjective, etc.), you will ar.oi<i errors that will greatlyinterfere with communication. When diIferent meamilgs are provided for thesame part of speech, choose the one that best fits the -qanse of the sentence. youmav have to look up each one in the spanish-Engiish -ction until you find theone you wanl

1. Use the iniormation provided in Exercise B to fusi icentifv. the part of speechof each of the followittg .tses of the word delay. 11=r, grr:e the spanish r.-ordthat is appropriate for each use-

a. I apoiogize for the delay in answering your leti=.b. Don't delay in making your reservation!c. lv{r. Jones will be delayed a ferv minutes.

2. Use the information provided in the entries on this:age and the next to com-plete the missing elements in the follorving sentenc=.El restaurante estd (inside o/) el hotel.(The peopb) _de la ciudad de Buenos Aires es mu'; cosmopoliia.Los hombres van a (fo httnt) _mafrana.Pepin (hurt) _el brazo en el accidente.El tren (lu':es) a las 8:10.llli novio 6 guapo, alfo y (dark)(The bar) _ es famoso por sus tapas.El museo est6 en (the corner)

-

de la Avenida Bcr'ar v la calle Col6n.El mddico fo""d) _un tumor.

bat' (biir) l. s- (rod) btna. (of goldt lzgore m: (lerer) pa-llacc.a: (of-a-prison,) barore m1 (o-i soop) pastill3 (dei

dark (iziir L 3dj. 1t,1sl(b'i,hout tiSirl osuro. sin luz'-l (ro perceive orzzlt) rerc. enccBtrse: (to discoyer one-i(dilni o?ao. gis: (said of a color) oiuro: (comple-riontl sef) descubrir =: su verdaden ldenridad . to l. one's imoreno-=gmho: (threatenine) imen27zri^- tioonlatel wav16tt^IM-,.,^?^-t-.,1 --,-i^^ -.-- t,^t- ^tt.i

ja6ny (oJ chocolare.l hbletat (oicobrt i,!a-frtnja: (ob-tt(.b,r obstiiculo; (ravem) bax m; {rouer) mosuador n..It{-ltr- banco (de ilena, gmva): DgL /rnlunolJ eibualn: (bgal profession) abogacfa; (/crlant cuerpo de aboga-dos: ui's. (line) bffia:. (measure) ccnois m I behindccnpis m I behindl

cslto: (i7oret)tiniebl{ i-- tri"h.t

bars enue rejas . prisoner at the b.'DER- acwdo II-u. barred, bar.ring lrc fostenl ccru con baru: fro

moreno- =cmho; (threatening) amenazador- I deep) pro- | way lo ( to lqa ' enconrru cl .-mino a: nc. (to bz ule ifundo lscrido, voz)| (dismal) triste: lerilt sinlejuo:l ro) ime maia =:. to f. out r:.: inresriparet avcierer ifundo licrido, voz): (disnit) trisre: feril, sinies'rro:l rojfundo lscrido, voz): (dismal) rrisre: feril, siniesrro:l loj dme maia F:. to f. out r:., nresrigare) ave:isra i(unknorzt desconocido, misterioso; (secrer) secre to.l lrc discoyeri A-:brin tro lecm rbrrrienterasc lc o IaDouri enterase de o iculto-:(i?oru!)-ignomre II. t(darkness) osuridcdll guei uo e.\poscr =*msffi -inrr. I to l. lor D€R.

unrebls,'i ttrghtolr) ilGhecer m, nahcf rrrr. (shadetl fallt a favor d:. !o t, out aboul bfomse sobn II. s.Sombn 0 to be in the d- noestr infomarJ. I deqcrrhrimienra --;trzoasombn 0 to be in the d- no estar infomado descubnmieDb- 1lluso.

cDfner (kdr'nor) L s- (exterior ug!21 csquina; {inrarfar

abrul) obstruir; (to cxclude) exclrr- (ro prohibit) oro-hibir /ro rurt) nyu IIl. prcp. I b. none sin erce6ri6n.

ans-|.) riDcdn m; (intersection) csa.xnz: (pred.icamcnr1aFiero, apuro; nc. (place) regi6nf, mctin'(de pais. ciu-dad f. ( * a r d ) cmronera. rinconea t ronoDol\ )'molorn-lio. rapmmiento: A\AT. rabillo tC<l oio): (iomlssire)comisun (de los labios) I around the c. : la rueln de laesquina . in a c. en un apriero . oi4 of c. ol one's eyecoo el rabillo del ojo. the lour comers ol the earthlas cinco parres del mundo. to cut corners {ro godireclh) tomu arajos: (ro economi-Jt rcducir gr.ros . lodrive someone into a c. ari:coorr a aionrlrr ralguieo . lo lum the c, doblu la +:quina: (ro ihpro\.e)piv el punro crfrico.

u. barred. (to fastenl c<Rr con barrs: (rofind (fircl L u- lound (found), finding {to encounteril hunt (hEn() L t- .!br spon) c2z- (b,n,v rrs, L s- ruurrq (touno.,r nnqtng tb encounter)l nunt (hunu Lt- .!br spon) c2Z- (to prrsue) perenir.encoDtjr- l;o..came_ across) roptr, dil con: (rc recoter)l acosil, (ro secc.'br1bu*s r to h- down it6 capiretencoRlrar zallar 4 found my ke_vs encoou€ mis llcve>;l captuttl 0o se;-i /or.) burr. to h. lor busca _inn-encoRr.ret zzllar 4 fo.und- my ke-_vs encol'rri nis llave>;l capturar: {ro sea----i/or) burr. tO h. lor busca -inU-(:! lt:?rr,!e1u$1, go arril'e !!) dzr cr <the danl cair, ir.de cu.. ai ."...ir,lro r.oiciltuscu r ro gofound riz rant el dardo dio en et. blaco>: (to regorill hunting ir de ! u- i. i-i'.--=rirr fi,"-rg,t f p.-*irlencootrc _<lf her cham inesistible encunuo su ei.m-l ci6nJ aiorc: r:ert, brisguedato inesise-:ie>; (to regain) rcctryru, recobro. DER. {rer-dicr.l pror:nciar. ae"ctarer; t,b ti'ppi1-j )igr;;;;;:;.1 hurr OIn) Lt z injurethtc.re"no. h.rir.Jrr r,.rr^,ip^t-?::::^,.?^,!,:r:).9_bj.-1r, httttr, (ro's.uryrise) u-l hacersurit. aTrtili:1io;;;t-q4';;",,qlu,i I,u )u,p.rrtt jur-l nrcer surrlr. a_slt3r: uo dcr:?e) danar. penuc:cf,r!Prender I io be tound encontm_rse,,eil5dr.<relic.s likel <highpriceswt:.-rot"i Io,p-.u'oi*p.r;"[i.;irl..irhis ore cte:o befound all oter Sowh Areica reliquisl u.n-r"i> I to h- someon'e's teeli-js ofenC:rie rcomo a:? 3 e ncuentran por toda Sudmiic> . io l-l alsuien

-inu. t:< a* hpn,! i:yrr me rtirele te r:.+2">.::i: a-.-f s e ncu.enrran por toda Sudmfic> ' io t-l alsuien

-inu. ti< q* hei ivru -. a"r.r. la.ozo,

!:ft yf.:lr.:ll.i;e) cririrus. (ro. disopp.ot?,t desapcl tri s,,g",1iurr= , 1" lJt nJ"..:*. ia-cere d:io . robu . t. iautt with (to critici.e) criricaf,'rro aitopp,'o,"11 ti. ;;"1;[]"=;;n.;. A;d;;(poia) oaicr m:desaoroba; . t- lavor with o in lhe eves ol

-caer er I / rnn,n l hetiri:. / -d,,;(! r .nd.c;r- t v..^^- t '.1t -o1t_"i^t:a._j: 9"9r.*]l! " i" Jh,","yg: ol'cier enl (injuo)heidtt=garihrmgu.i.. t*rong)malm

22O Puentes

!nc:r e -i1eme la buena volunrad de . to l. oneselll

F

inside (rn-:ii. in sid') I- s. (inner pan) irer a pmede edentroy <;,2 i. oJ mt xaslting nnchie t rstng laparte de aderric de mi lavedora se esti oriCf,ndo> )insides :rrr- if,mnJs. rrip6 . to be on l\g i- tps5[tionof conjidencet trupf,r un puesto de conltw iio hateaccess to inrcnarion) tener acceso a infom:in con[-dencial . to know something o someone i. cu.t conqcer alro o a ajr:ien a Iondo. to turn something i. outponer rleo { 3rds {prcnde. boisa} U- adj. (ittzrl nteior.intemo cn ;. rnmuna habinci6n intena>-(con:denriol)confidencial. sreto <i. infonnorion infcmdn contl-dencirl> | an i- job deiiro cometido oor aJria que m-baja en el lusr de un crimen III. rdv. (hiriu, dentro.adentro <il'J rcining, conte i. esti lloviendo. rn :i:€ntro>:lon rhe oiher izlel por dentro <blue outsicz ai':eilo* i-azul por fuen l muillo por dentro> I\'- pr.J. /6uo de ri. ol rrrt. en ncnos de, denuo de <the cor ttil b< readt i.of a *'eek el aromdvil estei listo deoro de m mmD,

leave' 11c".1 |J, teft (lEfi), Ieav-ing (rc go c*a frontlsalir de, mmles de <th* left their hotce ecr"; salie ronde su casa rercnoo>: (to forget) olvidu. &,ia 4 leJt nv*'ollet at hor.e deji mi billerera en casD: t:o let sta]'t

Ceju d. oi I rhe li-zi:s on de ja todas las luces enccniids:(to result in) deju <.2 jre left them hotne[ess ei ince;ciolos dej6 sin hoga>: f to hare 7s60ialngl dej:r <-'iamother died leot irz iree sons la madre muno Ceiaiotres hi.;o<>: 1to i:cLeoth) dejar, leerr: (ro en:,trt)encomeadu. deja < ;ie Mner to iirn deja el uunro enmos de tl>, (to cir:don) dejr, abandonu 4e ley his

lXmilt a tear cao rctono a su famiiia hice un ano>: /;orercre oneself ricr, icjr (de Frnenecet a). sepm- Ce

{Nup?ciin- cy.-nt-':o deposit) deitr 4 {eji nt itzzczear ti:e starion deii =i equipaje en lr estaci6n> | to l.alone deju mcdc- deju en pu <1. me alone! ',a€:neruquilol> . to l- ixhind (to ourdisronce) dejr aul.: toicxn withoutl L-* a rmir sin . lo l. in the Cark :c-de,ig g oscuru. C:i=:il entcnder. to l. it at that Ce;aloasi. ,iejrr las co:-;omo estin. to l. much to bedesired dejar r::1o que desear . to l- no stoneuntumed Hc. F:-'.L :o escmoteil esfuenos . to l. outomirir- excluir . to L word dejr dicho

-inrr- (to go1 w.

pffi <et J resume the rectig titre z c )r1 of ;-esrertiocon(inuenos la lectun dre :::]lE$:\--

people (pe'pal) I. s. [p, people] ,rc?.nl puebio <;ieAorcican p, ei pueblo Dr..*er-D: r:erionJ) qenlem <counrry p. gente de ! t-m>: ,:. 4.:Jite numbersipe rsons <cnl_v aboul ten ). airy sio ri;ion unas diezpersons>: ( c ni:ens ) gi!r;r.nc(' t :ia r : inar e s ) gente.empleados: (inhabitonrs t :.ii.. -i:e- habiranre s nr<a crry rrir,/r seteral miilizr- p. ur3 a.i:a de varios mi-llones de habitantes>: rzmii_r; ;:r:: (ancestorsiantepa<ados; (human beirz: t Fa:-:- ::res humrnos<ilte\'re p., not aninc!::cn :.--af,ai- no bestias>;{beingt1 seres m <ihe 1tr.: iiriz >. c.;:he voods lospequenoi seres peludos ia: rscrc I nany p. muchagenre- muchas persons . rcst pecfli€ ): maycnr de lagente . p€oples puebio. 2eople's erublic reprjbli-ce populu. old p. los \ii.5. p€r p- lc; pobres .lhecommon p. o the p. ei:uebio. i::-c comrin y co-rrieDte . young p. lo; j6ra::s II. tr. -pled,-pling poblr.

I oEU- (rsrurr. ru L wofu oejuqlcno-lnE- (to goJ w.I mmhrse: (o Cevt, salir, oanir I to be left cue Ca| <iere's some fou H quedi algo de comido . io be

I lett in the lurch rc. quedre coleado o pluhdo . loI be left over ouia-. iobr3r . lo L oft 1ro s;op1 Ccjt.

En la comunidad

Los servicios ptiblicos en mi comunidad

2Sabes si hay servicios ptiblicos para a\xdar a jos extranjeros quevisitan lu ciudad? EI proposiio de esie ejercicio 5 averiguar qu6oportunidades existen para tales personas- La cia--e debe dividirseen grupos pequeflos para hace: la siguiente investigaci6n.

1. Llama al departamento Ce relaciones priblicas ce los hospitalesen tu ciudad v pregunta lo siguiente: ZQud arreslos hay en loshospitales locales para pacientes que no hablan ingi6s?lExisien reglas federales Dara proieger a esios pacientes?;Cud,les son?

2. Preg.,r.,ta lo siguiente en la estacion de policia: ;Qu6 arregloshav ii,.ponibles localmenie para proteger los ce:echos de los ciu-dadanos extranjeros que r.ecesitan a\-uda poEiaca en trl comu-nidao?

3. Averigra lo siguiente en ei depafiarnento de -rv'icios interna-cionaies de los bancos ioca-les: ;Es posible carSiar dinero antesde viajar al exkanjero? ;C6mo se ilarna el dinero en Venezuela,Peru, Argentina, Urugua..', Chile, Coiombia-..? ;Cu6l es la tasade carr,bio entre el dolar ce los Esiacios Unidcs v el dinero de

Itloneda ecuatoriana

algur,os de estos paises?

|/l

ti

1

a5i-cncs bilingues

Caci?Llo 6 221