Development Theories

“The humble latrine, or flush toilet, reduces disease by twice as much as just putting in clean water.”

“I'd grown up thinking that a [sanitary toilet] was my right, when in fact it's a privilege — 2.5 billion people worldwide have no adequate toilet.”

- Rose George, Lets Talk Crap: Seriously, Ted Talk, 2013

Learning Objective

By the end of this lesson I will…

Understand the theories that have been put forward to explain the widening development gap between nations

Rostow’sModel

Demographic Transition

World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Models Population Change

Rostow’sModel


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PoliticalDimensions

What

causes

the Death

Rate to

drop?

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

What

causes

the Death

Rate to

drop?Why does Birth Rate reduction lag?

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

What

causes

the Death

Rate to


What causes the Stage 5 decline?

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

What

causes

the Death

Rate to


What causes the Stage 5 decline?Have we

now

reached

stage 6?

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Is the

Demographic

Transition Model

Eurocentric

?

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Is the

Demographic

Transition Model

Eurocentric

?Can we accurately say which

stage non-European countries

are in?

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Is the

Demographic

Transition Model

Eurocentric



are in?

How would China’s one child

policy fit the demographic

transition model?

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Is the

Demographic

Transition Model

Eurocentric



are in?

How would China’s one child

policy fit the demographic

transition model?

What about Turkey?

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

What about Turkey?

“In May 2012, Turkey's Prime

Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan

argued that abortion is murder and

announced that legislative

preparations to severely limit the

practice are underway. Prior to this

move, Erdogan had repeatedly

demanded that each couple have

at least three children.”

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

What about Turkey?

“In May 2012, Turkey's Prime

Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan

argued that abortion is murder and

announced that legislative

preparations to severely limit the

practice are underway. Prior to this

move, Erdogan had repeatedly

demanded that each couple have at

least three children.”

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

There is a correlation between

andDemographic Transition

IndustrialisationBut it remains unclear which

one causes the other

The Demographic Model makes

a useful means on comparison but

cautiouslymust be deployedas with all development indicators

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Rostow’s Modelis said to be so simple

you can draw it in under

One Minute

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Rostow’s Modelis said to be so simple

you can draw it in under

One Minute

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Let’s Try

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Match the Economic and Social and Political

System to the correct stage of the model

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions



Social Stratification

Stagnant and Static Society

Rostow’sModel


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PoliticalDimensions




New Social and Political Elite


Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

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Social, Political and

institutional change

favours dynamic growth

Rostow’sModel


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Decreasing social equality





Rostow’sModel


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Welfare Capitalism




InternationalPower

Rostow’sModel


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Welfare Capitalism

Basic Subsistence

Agriculture and Craft Industries




InternationalPower

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions







Welfare Capitalism

Basic Subsistence


Export Mining and

Cash Cropping




InternationalPower

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions







Welfare Capitalism

Basic Subsistence


Beginning of one or more

manufacturing industries

Export Mining and

Cash Cropping




InternationalPower

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions







Welfare Capitalism

Basic Subsistence




Growth to all sectors

of the economy

Export Mining and

Cash Cropping




InternationalPower

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions







Welfare Capitalism

Basic Subsistence




Growth to all sectors

of the economyService

Industries

Durable consumer Industries

Export Mining and

Cash Cropping




InternationalPower

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Is Rostow’s Model

of Development

Eurocentric

?

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Is Rostow’s Model

of Development

Eurocentric



are in?

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Is Rostow’s Model

of Development

Eurocentric



are in?

How would China’s planned

economy fit Rostow’s model of

Development?

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Is Rostow’s Model

of Development

Eurocentric



are in?

How would China’s planned

economy fit Rostow’s model of

Development?

How would the UK’s austerity

driven welfare reforms fit

Rostow’s model?

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Can we predict the stage

in Rostow’s model using only

GDP per Capita?

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Why is Rostow’s Model

of Economic Development considered

a structured model when

compared with

Alexander Gerschenkron’s

Backwardness Model?

Research Task

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Economic growth without social progress lets the great majority of people remain in poverty, while a

privileged few reap the benefits of rising abundance.

John F. Kennedy (1917-1963) Thirty-fifth President of the USA

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Political Models examine the impact

of Development on

Equality

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Neo-Liberalism Populism Marxism

Greater Inequality Greater Equality

Free markets, privatisation,

rich get richer, poor get poorer

Supports the people againstsocieties elite

Seeks to remove all

existing socialclasses andeconomic inequality

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Does

Rostow’s

Model

explain this?

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

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Gundar Frank’s theory suggested

that Developed Countries like

the

USAcontrol and exploit

less developed

satellite areas

Rostow’sModel


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Friedmann developed this into the

Core-Peripherymodel of development

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

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Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Core and Periphery regions are identifiable from their involvement in world trade

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Core-Peripherymodel of development stresses that

countries do not develop

The

independently

of one another

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Core-Peripherymodel of development stresses that

countries do not develop

The

independently

of one another

And that a Global Perspectiverather than a national perspective

is needed for social analysis

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Human Development Index 2008

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

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Human Development Index 2008

Is the Core-Periphery

Model supported by

HDI Data?

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

How robust is the Core-Periphery

Model in explaining the

Development Gap?

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions



Development Gap?

Does it focus

exclusively on

economy instead of

cultural development?

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions



Development Gap?

Does it focus

exclusively on

economy instead of


Does it make any

recognition of

development in

gender equality?

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions



Development Gap?

Does it focus

exclusively on

economy instead of


Does it make any

recognition of

development in

gender equality?

Can the

development gap

be explained

solely by

exploitation of the

periphery by the

core?

Rostow’sModel


World-SystemsModels

PoliticalDimensions

Outline the characteristics of the

core, periphery, semi-peripheral and

external areas as defined by the Core-

Periphery Model

Research Task

Learning Objective

At the end of this lesson I can…

Understand the theories that have been put forward to explain the widening development gap between nations

Research TasksWhy is Rostow’s Model of Economic

Development considered a structured model when compared with Alexander

Gerschenkron’s Backwardness Model?

These slides, video links, and further support will be shared

@WhitehavenGeog

Outline the characteristics of the core, periphery, semi-peripheral and external areas as defined by

the Core-Periphery Model

Education

Development Theories