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Developing food safety systemsinternationally: Experiences from
India and Codex Alimentarius
S. Dave Director - APEDAand Chair - CAC
2
Structure of Keynote Presentation
� India – domestic experience
� India – international experience (Codex)
� The Iceberg
� Codex and action points for us
3
l India - domestic experience
� 30 States, 7 Union Territories; 2.97 million sq. Km.
� 585 Districts; 638,596 Villages; 22 official languages
� One-tenth of world’s arable land (169 million Ha)
� One-fifth of world’s irrigated land (56 million Ha)
� Coastline of 8000 km, vast marine wealth; 10 major ports
� India is third largest food producer(China: 856 m MT; USA: 608 m MT; India: 601 m MT)
� Grocery market (154 bn $) - 77% of total retail sales
� Total expenditure on food: > 21% of GDP
� Rising expense on meat, egg, fish, coffee, tea, cocoa
Facts about India
4
Why FSS Act..?
� Multiple food laws, and enforcement agencies
� Varied standards restricting innovation
� Limited manpower, poor labs. & other resources
� Standards rigid, non-responsive to scientificadvancements and modernization
� Poor level of consumer interface5
How FSSA integrates..?
6
Key Features of the Act
☺ Shift to a single line of command
☺ FSSAI is the single reference point
☺ Effective and transparent regulatory framework
☺ Decentralisation of licensing
☺ Integrated response to Novel / GM foods, trade, etc.
☺ Achieve high degree of consumer confidence
☺ Adequate information to consumers for informed choice
☺ Mechanism for speedy disposal of cases7
Chief Executive Officer
Chief Scientific Advisor Chief
Surveillance
Officer
Chief
Enforcement
Officer
Chief, Product Approvals
and Quality Assurance
Chief, Management
Services Officer
• Standards development
(based on
Codex)
• Research
• Scientific Reference
• International Science Cooperation
• Scientific Outreach
• Committee / panel support
FOOD AUTHORITY (FSSAI)
FOOD AUTHORITY (FSSAI)
• Risk/Crisis Management
• Epidemiology
• Clinical Surveillance
• Human
Resources
• Information Technology
• Communication and Public Relations
• International Relations
• Compliance
• Inspection
• Prosecution
• Regulated Product Approval
• Oversight for self regulations
• Food safety and Biosafety approvals
• Inter-agency approvals
• Accrediting and Monitoring third party certification & labs
• Providing and reviewing protocols for critical product validation tests
Central Advisory Committee
( 22 members )
Finance Division
Vigilance Division
Scientific Committee and Panels
( 8 panels )
Codex Cell
Central Food
Laboratories (72)
FSSAI set up in Sept. 2008
8
� Central Advisory Committee� Scientific Committee and Panels (8)
� Food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food
� Biological hazards� Contaminants in the food chain� Labeling and claims / advertisements� Method of sampling and analysis� Pesticides and antibiotic residues� Genetically modified organisms and foods� Functional foods, nutraceuticals, dietetic products, etc.
Committees and Panels of FSSAI
9
10
India - international experience
� Table Grapes (traceability)
� Organic Products (best practices, equivalence, conformity assessment)
Maharashtra
Andhra PradeshKarnataka
Grape growingstates of India
11
� STAGE I: Government of India Regulation - Regulation of Export of Fresh Grapes from India through monitoring of pesticide residues
� Standards to meet international market standards
� Agencies to test compliance with these standards
� No export of fresh grapes to EU without adherenceto this procedure
� STAGE II: IT enabled the regulation, compliance and monitoring
� Integrating all stakeholders in the supply chain of grapesexport from India in a centralized database
Implementation by India
12
Traceability live
� Traceability through labels pasted on pallets / cartons
� Pasted in barcode andhuman readable format
� Leads to farms from where grapes were sourced
� Helps importers manage their inventory
Screen shot from GrapeNetGrapeNetGrapeNetGrapeNet13
Major Gains
☺ Self confidence among farmers
☺ Culture for food quality and safety
☺ Farmers earned 40% more value
☺ Benefits went to 40,000 farmers and 132 exporters
☺ FOB realization: 8 Euro 11.5 Euro for 5 kg.
☺ Value - addition through improved packaging
☺ EU labs accepted that Indian labs are better
☺ Zero paper-work; total accountability; works 24 x 714
15
India’s export market fororganic products
United States
E UJapan
Others
Source: APEDA16
☺ Set standards for Organic Production (NPOP)
☺ Qualified inspectors with agriculture background
☺ Best Practices for Accreditation (ISO-17011); Certification (ISO-65); Lab. testing (ISO-17025)
☺ Regular training of inspectors, Certification Bodies and Evaluation Committee
☺ Group Certification (small farm holdings)
What has been India’s focus…?
17
What were the next steps…?
� Continue best practices at all levels
� Develop more Certification Bodies for competition andbetter delivery of services
� Initiate equivalence negotiations: EU and US (Codex)
� Introduce Traceability throughout the chain (Codex)
� Implement NPOP for domestic market
� Set standards for organic all livestock products,aquaculture and textiles
� Invest in promotion18
India’s Export of Organic Products
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
Volume(MT)
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011until Sept.Year
Quantity exported 90,000 MTby end of year
19
Let’s talk about Codex…
20
21
Relevance of Codex to members
� Based on scientific principles and risk analysis � Consensus based approach – truly global
� Covers a wide range – products, codes of practice, methods, MRLs, audits, ethics, equivalence, etc.
� Easy to harmonize national legislations� Provides flexibility in adaptation� Exchange of information is standardized� Saves time and facilitates trade� Helps settle differences� Reference standard in WTO
22
Issues currently under discussion
� Codex Strategic Plan 2014 -19
� Private standards
� Participation of developing countries
� Capacity building of developing countries
� National Food Control Systems
� Veterinary drugs
23
The Iceberg
Codex Codex
24 Consumer Consumer Consumer Consumer
Codex Standards and Texts
National Standards
Private Standards
25
Legal Standard
A Legal Standard
B
Private Standard
A
Private Standard
BLegal
ProcedureA
Legal Procedure
B
Private Procedure
A
Private Procedure
B
AuditAud
it
Aud
it
Audit
Audit
Audit
AuditAudit
26
Legal Standard
A Legal Standard
B
Private Standard
A
Private Standard
BLegal
ProcedureA
Legal Procedure
B
Private Procedure
A
Private Procedure
B
AuditAud
it
Aud
it
Audit
Audit
Audit
AuditAudit
Better, I eat Better, I eat myselfmyself ……!!!!
27
The Solution…!
Harmonise with Codex…
� Helpful in absence of national standards
� Orients standardized process of food safety
� Overall development of consumer health / safety
� Facilitates equivalence process
� Facilitates export to developed markets
� Let’s support single standard across the globe
� Identify specific capacity building needs of countries
� Encourage countries to harmonize standards with Codex
� Develop guidance documents for small business / farmers
(e.g., GAP, organic, conformity assessment)
� Facilitate equivalence, conformity assessment
� Help developing countries introduce food safety education
� Encourage pvt. std. setting bodies engage with Codex
� Remove any negative perceptions about speed of Codex
� Enhance global awareness for Codex - the bench-mark
Action Points
How can WE help…??
28
Global Awareness for Codex
The Three Sisters:
Animal Health
Plant Health
Human Health ??29
30
Together, we makeTogether, we make
that differencethat difference ……