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INTRODUCTION TO HATCHERY SYSTEMAquaculture traditionally depends on the supply of fish
seed from natural sources till the early 50’sUsually there were wild catch from the natural bodies
mainly the rivers and the wetlandsBut there were the demerits of the wild catch so some
alternatives were thoughtThe hatchery operations entered the golden age when
hypophysation techniques evolvedWith the development of induced breeding the efforts
were made to provide the conducive environment responsible for spawning and hatching
Its was the beginning of hatchery revolutions
DIFFERENT TYPES OF HATCHING DEVICES:Hatching pitsChitagoan type of hatching pitsGlass jar hatcheryTransparent Polythene Jar HatcheryShirgur Bin HatcheryHanging Dipnet HatcheryPlastic Bucket HatcheryLDPE-D-80 ModelLDPE-D-81 ModelPortable Circular HatcheryCement Circular Hatchery
HATCHING PITS:This is the most primitive type of hatching device
Mainly used in the bundh type of breeding in W.B
The earthen pits are dug in the ground of size 3x2x1 there inner wall plastered with mud
In each pits 3000 to 4000 eggs are kept for hatching
DISADVANTAGE:It is not suitable for large scale production of
spawn productionIt lead to mass mortality of the spawn
DOUBLE HATCHING HAPAIt was introduced by Dr.AlikuniThere are 2 separate Hapa Outer hapaInner hapaThe outer hapa is made of marlin
cloth and the shape is like rectangular trough without any cover and threads in its outer four corner
Usually the outer hapa is 2x1x1 [email protected]
Cont….• The inner hapa is made of mosquto net• Inner hapa dimension is
1.75x0.75x0.5m Bottom part must not touch the bottom• Hapa must be installed where there is
mild water current• And no algal bloom or pollution or
turbid water • Capacity : 0.75 to1 lakh egg
cont….MeritsUsed for very small scale spawn productionCheapRequires less or no technical knowledgeSeparates egg shell from the hatchling
effectivelyDemeritsWater quality cannot be controlledThe predatory fishes from outside can such
the hatchling through the hapa layersNeeds frequent replacement
GLASS JAR HATCHERY• Introduced in India by Dr.Bhomi• Designed by CICFRI• Comprises of 4 parts: 1) Water supply system 2)Breeding tank 3)Incubation or hatching jars 4)Spawnery
Cont…BREEDING TANKSOverhead showers are fitted2-3 breeding tanks are required for 20 glass
jar Dimension -2x1x1 or 1.8x0.9x0.9m
INCUBATION JARSCylindrical towards top and bottom funnel
shapeCylindrical part is 40.5 cm length 13 cm dia.Inner and outer diameter at the bottom end
are 1 and 1.27 cm respectively Capacity of each jar -6.35 l and accommodates 50000 developing eggs
Water supply is through the bottom and regulated by bibcork
Cont…SPAWNERYOverhead showers are also fitted in it.Dimension- 1.8xO.9x0.9m.It a nylon hapa fitted on a frame
placed inside cement system.OPERATIONIt takes 12-15 hrs to hatch out at
normal water of 26-27˚CFor IMC 0.6 to 0.8L/min EMC 0.8 to 1L/min
Cont…MERITSCan be adopted for large scale operation.Easy view of egg and larvae.Do not require much waterSimple in designWater quality can be controlledDEMERITSNeed constant vigil and careBecomes translucent in useCan breakPossibility of escape of egg through
TRANSPERENT POLYTHENE HATCHERY• Same as glass jar hatchery, but
polythene is used for hatching jar
• Jar is 27cm in ht. and 10 cm dia• Can hold 2 l of water• Provision of egg container• Flow of water is 1 l/min
SHIRGUL BIN HATCHERYAlso termed as aluminum bin
hatcheryIt has one rectangular al container
and three egg vesselDimension: 54x18x22 inchesParts 1. inlet 2. outlet 3. drain pipe 4. egg containerCan hold 6 lakhs of egg
HANGING DIP NET HATCHERYDevised by FAOThe componets of this hatchery: 1.spawning tank 2.breeding tank 3.hatching tanksAll tanks are provided with inlet and outletThere is provision or overhead sprayers
and aircoolersHanging dip net is a barrel shaped having
steel rings of 65cm and 45cm at the top and bottom
There is a 50 mm spray head fitted at the bottom of each net
PLASTIC BUCKET HATCHERYThis hatchery comprises of two components: 1)inner component 2)outer componentInner component:The outer component is plastic with
aluminum egg vesselOuter is the galvanized iron sheet spawnery It is cylindrical in shape and has 2 outlet in
the top and 2 inlet in the bottom47cm height and 30cm dia.Water holding capacity is 45L
LDPE D 85 MODEL• Designed by C.I.F.E by Dr.Dwivedi is
a portable or rigid type indoor system• Higher version of vertical jar hatchery• Hatchery units made of LDPE• Majour component:• I)Breeding cum Spawnery 2)hatching unit 3)air compressor with distribution
system
Cont…The breeding unit comprises of 1)Cooling tower2)Overhead tank3)1/2 or1 HP water pump4)Two large portable plastics pools of
0.9 to 2.5m dia. And 0.6 to 1.2m height and 2000 to 3000L capacity
It can be either rectangular or circular in shape with water sprayer
Cont…HATCHING UNIT• It consist of 6,12,24,48 conical bottom
hatchery jars• Capacity is 40L• Water inlet is from the bottom• There is a provision of egg container
and aeration• Total capacity of egg container is 20L• And it can hold 8 to 10 lakhs of egg• The outlet is at the top portion of jar
Cont….• We can stock 20 million spawn if
aeration is provided • It is a fiber glass or copper
container of 6 m dia. And 1m height
• Incubation in this hatchery is 13 to 14hr.
• A definite speed of water is maintained
• MERITS• Adaptable to large scale production
not very large scale• Water quality can be maintained• Distribution of oxygen is effective • Additional aeration is possible• Easy to repair without dismantling• Not very expensive to install• DEMERITS• Can not lead to large scale production• Needs vigil and care to operate [email protected]
CHINESE CIRCULAR HATCHERY• It is the most popular type of
hatchery• It comprises of different components 1)over head tank 2)spawning pool 3)incubation tanks 4)spawn collection tankOverhead tank• Capacity is 10000 to 15000L• It must be kept at a height
Spawning pool• Breeders are kept for mating• The dia is 5 to 8m• Bottom is slope towards the center
where the outlet is located • This outlet leads to egg collection
chamber if any or goes to the incubation tank directly
• Inlet pipes are fitted on the wall of the tank at an angle of 60 the pipe dia-2 to 3 inch.
• There are provision of water showers
Cont…• At a time 150 to 200 kg male or femal
can be introduced• Can get 9 to 12 million eggs in one
operation• Water current is kept at 0.2 to 0.5m/secINCUBATION POOLS• It comprises of two tanks• Outer tank(3 to 6 m dia.)• Inner tank (0.8 to 1.5m dia)
Conti…• Water holding capacity is 9 to 12
cubic meter• Circular wall separetes the outer
wall to inner wall and is fitted with fine mesh
• Center of inner pipe has outlet pipe• Inlet pipes are located in the bottom • These are duck mouthed and fitted
at an angle of 45 degree • Pool can hold 7 lakh egg /m3
Cont...SPEED• 0.4 to 0.5m/sec in 12hr• 0.1 to 0.2m/sec in 6 hr• Increased to 0.3 to 0.4 and continued• From the incubation pool there is a
pipe leading to spawn collection tankSPAWN COLLECTION TANK• It is a rectangular tank
POTABLE CIRCULAR HATCHERY• It is devised for small scale farmer• It is a low cost hatchery• It is made of galvanized iron of 80cm
dia and 60 cm height• Water holding capacity-300L• The hatchery unit comprises of 2
chambers• Outer is larger and there is a provision
of inlet pipe in the bottom made of cupper of 0.8cm dia at 60 degree
Cont…• At the bottom there is a outlet of 3cm
which is pluggable • Inner chamber is 28cm in dia and
separated by iron mesh grill surrounded by monofilament cloth 40-60m
• There is a plastic pipe in the middle to adjust the water level
RATE OF FLOW• 8-10L/min• 50l of egg can be harvested at the
same time [email protected]
