Design research: Why, how and

what? Some examples from

personal experiences

SEA-DR C 2013

Zulkardi,

Professor mathematics education

Sriwijaya Univ. Palembang, April 22th , 2013

Agenda

• Why we need Design Research?

• How we use Design research?

• What Design research for student S1,S2,S3?

• Some ‘personal’ examples • Some ‘personal’ examples

Designing an innovation

Why Design Research so important in

education? To Change

• The Netherlands: Developed high quality of learning materials exported to USA called Math in Context (1990-2000)

South Korea: 2012 started Teaching school mathematics • South Korea: 2012 started Teaching school mathematics with Story Telling

• Indonesia: - PMRI Team: We developed PMRI since 2001

- Government: To change the curriculum

The National School (mathematics and

Science) Curriculum 2013 (Zulkardi, 2013)

380

390

400

410

Mean

sco

re

Indonesia: Mean PISA scores for 2000 - 2009 for mathematics, science and reading

350

360

370

380

2000 2003 2006 2009

Mean

sco

re

Mathematics Science Reading

How Design Research is used?

• At the national level: The development of

PMRI since 2001-some best practices

• At the Teacher Education:

- PMRI meets Lesson Study- PMRI meets Lesson Study

- Final Projects: S1, S2, S3

PMRI is Indonesian

adaptation of “Dutch

Realistic Mathematics

Education” since 2001.

Characteristics

Math is students’ activity;

Development of Development of PMRI in Indonesia PMRI in Indonesia

Math is students’ activity;

use of Indonesian context,

models, intertwined among

strands, interactivity and

contributions of students

Results so far

Students interest toward

math and guided to

understand math. concept.

Example of Best Practices of PMRI

1) Designing pre-service (courses) and in-service training (workshops for teachers)

Up to 2012, PMRI has been implemented at 23 (33)

provinces (Sembiring, Dolk and Hoogland, 2010)

2) PMRI and PISA

• Research on Designing PMRI / PISA-type items • Research on Designing PMRI / PISA-type items

• Design KLM (National Mathematics Literacy Contest) for Junior High School and workshop PISA for math teachers since 2010

3) Sustainability of PMRI

• Development and used ICT-based materials ( portal

www. p4mri.net)

• Developing IMPOME-International Master Program on Realistic Mathematics Education in collaboration Indonesian-the Netherlands (Unsri, Unesa, Utrecht University) since 2009

PMRI meet Lesson Study

• Lesson study in Indonesia since last decade

funded by JICA at 3 Teacher Education

• SEAMEO mathematics in Qitep

Main content: SEA-RME (PMRI) & Lesson StudyMain content: SEA-RME (PMRI) & Lesson Study

• National Projects (PM-PMP): Lesson Study for

improving the quality of National exam

PMRI meets Lesson Study

Plan

Do

PMRI meets Lesson Study

Reflection

LS Center

PMRI and PISA

• PISA results of Indonesia students

• PISA effect to the curriculum and assessment

• PMRI and PISA: KLM competition for Junior

high School students and workshop PISA for high School students and workshop PISA for

teachers since 2010 (1 city), 2011 (7 Cities)

and 2012 (12 cities), 2013 (18?)

What is DR

• the systematic study of designing, developing and

evaluating educational interventions (such as programs, teaching-learning strategies and

materials, products and systems) as solutions for complex problems in educational practice,materials, products and systems) as solutions for complex problems in educational practice,

which also aims at advancing our knowledge about the characteristics of these interventions

and the processes of designing and developing them.

Design Research/Development research

A final note on terminology, following Van den Akker et al. (2006:4) we use design research

as a common label for a ‘family’ of related research approaches who may vary somewhat in

goals and characteristics – examples goals and characteristics – examples are design studies, design experiments, design-based

research, developmental research, formative research, engineering research.

Goal of Design experiment

to improve the initial design by testing and

revising conjectures as informed by

Ongoing analysis of both the students’ reasoning

and the learning environmentand the learning environment

(Cobb et al, 2003.

Educational researcher, vol 32 no.1, pp 9-13)

Phase of DR

Steps:

• Preparing for a design experiment

• Conducting a design experiment

• Conducting retrospective analysis• Conducting retrospective analysis

Charateristics:

• Extended (iterative)

• Interventionist (innovative and design based)

• Theory oriented enterprise whose theories do real work in practical educational context

What Design Research that is used at

the program s1,s2 and s3?

• S1: Design or implementing valid materials or

interventioned by previous designer

• S2: Designing and implementing an

intervention is requirement at the school or intervention is requirement at the school or

field

• S3: Designing, implementing and evaluating

an original intervention is a requirement

(zulkardi’s personal opinion)

Examples

S1/S2: Design research used in Master Program:

Designing learning materials

Designing assessment materials

Designing multimedia materials Designing multimedia materials

Designing training materials

Examples

S3- Dissertation at the University of Twente

Computer ASsisted Curriculum Analysis

Design and Evaluation (CASCADE)

CASCADE (Nienke Nieveen-1996)

CASCADE SEA (Susan McKenney-2000)CASCADE SEA (Susan McKenney-2000)

CASCADE MUCH (Wang Qiyun-2001)

CASCADE IMEI (Zulkardi-2002):

Designing a Learning environment that combined F2F course and website for math student teachers in Indonesia

Thanks for your attention

• zulkardi @ yahoo.com

• See p4mri.net – Portal of PMRI in

IndonesiaIndonesia

• See you in the Second SEA-DR next

year