Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Tree-ring toolsdesigned for teaching dendrochronology to visually impaired students- Dendropedagogical approach -
*1 The University Forest, Ehime University*2 School for the Visually Impaired,
University of Tsukuba
*3 Hashikurayamaso, Ikeda Hakuaikai
Social Welfare Corp.
Osamu Kobayashi*1
Yoko Takei*2
Wakana Umakoshi*3
7th ICD7th ICD
20062006
Kobayashi et alKobayashi et al
The role of dendrochronology inenvironmental science
Dendrochronology is successfullyrevealing past history of environmentalchanges.Dendrochronology contributed inraising academic/public awareness tochanges in the global environment.
International Tree-Ring Data Bank (ITRDBInternational Tree-Ring Data Bank (ITRDB 2000)2000)http://www.http://www.ngdcngdc..noaanoaa..gov/paleo/treeringgov/paleo/treering.html.html
7th ICD7th ICD
20062006
Kobayashi et alKobayashi et al
Tree rings are…multidisciplinary teaching tools
Tree rings can…
Wood anatomy
Tree physiology
Forest ecologyForest dynamics
Global changes
Macro/Local
For example….
Micro Global
7th ICD7th ICD
20062006
Kobayashi et alKobayashi et al
The role of dendrochronology inenvironmental education
DENDRO-PEDAGOGYDENDRO-PEDAGOGY
Dendrochronologists
Public(Individuals)
GettingGettingFunded!Funded!
ScoutingScoutingYoung scientistsYoung scientists
GovernmentAuthorities
Direct influence
Rubino D.L. and MacCarthy, B.C. (2002)
7th ICD7th ICD
20062006
Kobayashi et alKobayashi et al
Dendropedagogical Tools
"Try Skeleton Plotting for Yourself!”
Paul R. Sheppard (1998)
DifficultDifficult when applyingwhen applyingthe tools to teachthe tools to teach
dendrochronologydendrochronology to visual impaired to visual impaired
7th ICD7th ICD
20062006
Kobayashi et alKobayashi et al
Development of embosed tree ringsthat can be comprehended
by tactile senses
7th ICD7th ICD
20062006
Kobayashi et alKobayashi et al
Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl.)
7th ICD7th ICD
20062006
Kobayashi et alKobayashi et al
Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.)
7th ICD7th ICD
20062006
Kobayashi et alKobayashi et al
Redvein maple (Acer rufinerve Sieb. et Zucc.)
7th ICD7th ICD
20062006
Kobayashi et alKobayashi et al
Vertical samples (needle traces)
7th ICD7th ICD
20062006
Kobayashi et alKobayashi et al
Curriculum
Four classes with a total of 12 junior high and16 high school students.Time spent for each class was 110 minutes.Following topics took place in class…
Grasping the outer appearance of a tree.Understanding the inside appearance of the tree.
Imagine how tree ring looks like.Observing tree rings trough tactile senses.Where does the tree ring come from?Are the number of rings same from the bottom to the top?What makes the difference in the widths of tree rings ?
What tree rings tell
7th ICD7th ICD
20062006
Kobayashi et alKobayashi et al
Student s findings 1
Ring widths
The height of the bulge at latewood
Stiffness and weight (wood density)
7th ICD7th ICD
20062006
Kobayashi et alKobayashi et al
Sorting the disks to the heightswhere it was sampled
Students must recognize
The diameter of the disk
The number of rings
Not a big deal !
Too easy for them
7th ICD7th ICD
20062006
Kobayashi et alKobayashi et al
Listen carefully….
Tree-ring music profilesFrom
WHITE MOUNTAINS MASTER CHRONOLOGYPILO 604CALIFORNIA BRISTLECONE PINE 03724-11810-5141 1962
C. W. FERGUSON, EDMUND SCHULMAN, H. C.FRITTSObtained from ITRDB
Listening to the period -5000 to 4801
7th ICD7th ICD
20062006
Kobayashi et alKobayashi et al
Principles of transferring RWinto music notes
Periods of continuous wide ringsRapid growth -->High pitch and fast phonetic value
Periods of continuous narrow ringsSlow growth -->Low pitch and slow phonetic value
7th ICD7th ICD
20062006
Kobayashi et alKobayashi et al
Audiological crossdating ?Dated UnDated
7th ICD7th ICD
20062006
Kobayashi et alKobayashi et al
Future aims
To enhance their knowledge indendrochronology and environmentalscience in general…
Practical ring-width measurementExperiencing cross-datingSkeleton plot makingUnderstanding micro-scale tree-ringstructures
7th ICD7th ICD
20062006
Kobayashi et alKobayashi et al
Challenging issues in the fieldof dendropedagogy
Methodology of teaching suitable dendrochronologyin each development stage
KindergartenElementary schoolJunior high schoolHigher educationSocial communities
Evaluation of the impactKnowledge transferTechnical transferchanges in the consciousness of environmental issues.Along with developing valuation methods
