Demography1

Demography of Spain and Basque Country

Demography of Spain and Basque Country

Maite FresnilloBeasain BHI

www.themegallery.com

Teacher: Maite Fresnillo

Contents

Sources1

Evolution2

Structure 33

Distribution44



Definition

Demography studies population from a qualitative point of view, this is, using statistical methods. The Population Geography studies population from an spatial point of view, using statistical techniques and demographic analysis applied to a territory. Both are complementary sciences. We can consider demography as an auxiliary science of Geography.

DEMOGRAPHY

Statistics

POPULATIONGEOGRAPHY

Territorial analysis

Uses

Gives data

Realises



Sources

Population census

Municipal register

Civil register

Parish register

Others: Public statistics, inquiries, annual reports

Sources Sources ofof

DemographyDemography

Sources Sources ofof

DemographyDemography



Diagram1

Population census:It is the individual account of population in a country at a concrete moment. Not only does it collect demographic data, but economic and social as well: number of inhabitants, sex, age, civil status, birth place, nationality, language, education level, economic characteristics, house.

2

Municipal register:It is the vicinity register of a municipal area. It collect demographic and economic data of the population. It is actualised every year and every five years there is a general account. The responsible are Councils.

3

Civil register:There are notes of births, deaths and marriages. Their information is compulsory. INE uses this date as part of their statistics.

In Spain the census is realised every ten years, the years ending in 1. It is made by the INE (Instituto Nacional de Estadística).



Diagram

4

Parish registers:Made since 1563, they collect the changes occurred in a parish (baptizes, marriages, funerals). It is useful for studying the historical evolution of population. Nowadays there are not compulsory so they do not collect the totality of the demographic phenomena.

5

Others: Public statistics, inquiries, annual reports Statistics and inquiries made by public institutions (Autonomous Communities, Ministers) or private (Banks), they offer detailed information but over sample populations: EPA, Annual statistics



Definitions

De facto It is the result of adding up the present residents and the visitors in the moment of the census. It is the population that is physically in the place where the census is done.

Population

Of rightIs the addition of the present and no present residents in the census moment. It is the population of a place even when they are temporarily out of there.

De facto population = Present residents + Visitors

Population of right = Present residents + non present residents



Evolution

Industrial Revolution

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Neolithic

Humans started producing their own food (agriculture and livestock) and keeping them (craftsmanship). This led to sedentarization, liberalization of part of the work force to non productive activities. Population increased to reach 300 millions at the beginning of our times

Economic resources multiplied due to the use of new techniques in every sector. The advances of health care allowed the control of mortality, mainly infant mortality. Demographic explosion happened reaching to numbers over 6500 millions



Evolution

EXPANSION NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION

EXPANSIONINDUSTRIALREVOLUCION

LOW AND CATASTROPHICAL

INCREASE



Spain

Characteristics

Delay respective to other countries

Industrial revolution

Delayed

Religion influence

Conservadurism

Delay health care



Characteristics

It explains the evolution of population since an old demographic regime, with high birth and date rates, to a modern demographic regime, with both rates at low level and with an intermediate period in which first death rate reduced, resulting in an important increase of population, followed later by a reduction of the number of births.



Evolution

-Evolution similar to Southern Europe

-No catastrophic mortality

-Little increase -Negative migratory

results

-Evolution similar to Southern Europe

-No catastrophic mortality

-Little increase -Negative migratory

results

-Reduction of epidemies and hunger

-Reduction of mortality and a bit

infant mortality -High birth rates

-Increase lower than in Europe

-Little control of mortality

-Reduction of epidemies and hunger

-Reduction of mortality and a bit

infant mortality -High birth rates

-Increase lower than in Europe

-Little control of mortality

-Until end 18th century-Moderate increase

-High birth rate-Continous death

spells: illness, food-Very stagnated

-Until end 18th century-Moderate increase

-High birth rate-Continous death

spells: illness, food-Very stagnated

Old regimeOld regime TransitionTransition Modern regimeModern regime



Evolution

Biths increase

Inflexioncrisis 75

Civil Ward andaftermath

Changes due to external migrations

1918 flu

Immigrationincrease

Spanish population evolution during the 20th century



Evolution of Spanish population 1900-2000












Basque Country

Basque Country was characterised for being a region which traditionally emigrated until the development of industrialization, moment in which they started attracting people, what resulted in a huge development of population. Only the effects of the industrial crisis of the 70s of the 20th century have inverted the trend, being this region nowadays an issuer of population effectives. The reduction after the crisis looks to be evolving positively during the last decades, but without reaching the previous levels of increase.



Basque Country

The Basque Country entered the 20th century with a population of 603596 inhabitants (3.24 per cent of the total of Spain).

During the first half of the century the increase was important mainly as a result of the firm industrial development, even when it was also affected by the flu and the Civil War, being the latter specially strong in our territory.

In 1950 the population was of 1062,240 inhabitants and it has reached a new peak in 2007 with 2.141.860 inhabitants, having had in the middle, a slight reduction about the 90s of the 20th century.



The most spectacular change occurred at the beginning of the 20th century due to the effect of immigration, when the industrial development took place. After the War, the reactivation of economy resulted in a new immigration wave that combined with the high number of births resulting of the baby boom ended in an important increase. After that the development was progressive, even if slower.



Basque Country

The only census registering population losses are those of 1991 and 1996, even if after them there was a progressive recovery and by 2001 the level of the 80s was almost completely recovered.

The percentage of Basque population over the total of the state continued raising until 1991 but after that there is a progressive reduction.

After the crisis of the 70s the evolution of population changed and even if the levels have been recovered, the expansion rhythm is not the same as it was at mid 20th century.



Basque Country

Influence crisis

Modern demography

Industrial developmentStability

3.24 of Spain

603596

Peak in 1950

1062,240

End baby boom

Problem

s in industry

Negative increase

1900 1950 1975 21st centuryS

tagnation



Basque Country: Life expectancy

Life expectancy has evolved in a positive way as it can be in the graphs. It is longer for women than for men and, as we can deduce from the images, the previsions for longevity have improved during the last decades.

Elaboración propia a partir de datos del EUSTAT



Basque Country: Birth rate

The image shows the situation of maternity in the Basque country. The number of births has been reduced to levels that can not assure the generational substitution. The age of mothers is also higher than it used to be, what has had an influence on the reduction of maternity.




Basque Country: Migration influence

A 4.6 per cent of the population of the Basque Country comes from foreign countries. This is one of the lowest levels of the Spanish state.

The immigration from other regions of Spain is more important than that of foreigners.




Basque Country: Migratory result

Being the number of foreign immigrants not very important, they have an essential incidence in the demographic increase because they suppose a 98 per cent of it.

The graphic shows that while vegetative increase is reduced, the amount related to the migratory result is the most important component of the population raise.Elaboración propia a partir de datos del EUSTAT



Basque Country: Population distribution

The concentration of population has experience a huge change: areas that attracted population massively due to industrialization are nowadays in the last positions of the ranking while others such as many regions in Alava in which the main activity is agriculture are in clear expansion.


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