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CULTURAL STUDIES

The Traditional and Cultural Value of Asia

Topic:

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I. The Purpose of Life in AsiaII. Individualism – Saving FacesIII. The Social Status - Women in Asia IV. Respect Languages – PrejudiceReferences

Content

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► People in Asia is called “Asian” or “Asiatic People”.

► There has been 3.96 billion people in 48 countries of Asia which comprise 55% of world’s population.

I. The Purpose of Life in Asia

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I. The Purpose of Life in Asia

The population of Asia shown in percentage (%)

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► The population growth rates slowed in about three quarters of developing member between 1990 and 2013.

► The average annual population growth rate of developing members declined from 2.6% in 1990 to 1.0% in 2013.

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►Among the most populous countries, the PRC’s population growth rate fell from 1.4% in 1990 to 0.5% in 2013, and India’s rate declined from 2.1% to 1.3%.

► The average annual population growth rate in 1990-2013 exceeded 2.0% in 14 countries: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, the Cook Islands, Kiribati, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Malaysia, the Maldives, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Singapore (due to immigration), Solomon Islands, Tajikistan, Timor Lestes, and Vanuatu.

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► The life expectancy of people in Asia significantly increase.

I. The Purpose of Life in Asia

Bar graph of Life expectancy of people in Asia

E.g. Certain countries:Japan : 83 (1)Singapore : 82 (4)Korea : 81 (19)Cambodia : 72 (104)Afghanistan: 61 (165)

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► The Asia region generated more than 38% of global gross domestic product (GDP) in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms in 2013.

I. The Purpose of Life in Asia

GDP growth in Asia shown in percentage (%)

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• The quality of life measured by the Human Development Index (HDI) continues to improve. It includes three main factors of welfare: Life expectancy at birth Average of mean years of schooling and expected years

of schooling Per capita gross national income (GDI)

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I. The Purpose of Life in Asia

Quality of life of world people

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► In 2013, seven countries were in the top category of “very high human development” while 11 were classified as having “high human development.”

► About half the regional countries were in the category of “medium human development,” including India and Indonesia. Bangladesh.

► Pakistan, remains at the “low human development” group.► Afghanistan made the biggest improvement; Bangladesh,

Cambodia, the PRC, India, Myanmar, and Timor-Leste also showed significant increases.

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• Asia was the birthplace of most of the world’s mainstream religions including Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Jainism, Sikhism, Zoroastranism, as well as many other religions.

I. The Purpose of Life in Asia

IslamHinduismBuddhism

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► Road networks have expanded rapidly in most economies in Asia since 1990. The number of vehicles has surged in the region.

► Rail networks have expanded in all countries across the region, but rail line are still heavily concentrated in three economies -the PRC, India, and Japan.

► Mobile phone subscription have shown huge growth across the region since 2000. The number of fixed broadband internet subscriptions has risen throughout Asia, but many developing countries still have low penetration rates.

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►Mobile phone subscription have shown huge growth across the region since 2000. The number of fixed broadband internet subscriptions has risen throughout Asia, but many developing countries still have low penetration rates.

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► The Asia region accounts for more than 40% of global energy demand. The four biggest energy users -the PRC, India, Japan, and the Republic of Korea, have all increased their dependence on energy imports since 2000.

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I. The Purpose of Life in Asia

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I. The Purpose of Life in Asia

Hydro Power Plant Coal Power Plant

Nature Gas Power Plant Generator

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II. Individualism

Hofstede (1980) defined individualism

as a focus on rights above duties, a

concern for oneself and immediate

family, an emphasis on personal

autonomy and self-fulfillment, and the

basing of one’s identity on one’s

personal accomplishments. Geert HofstedeSocial PsychologistBorn: October 2, 1928

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II. Individualism

Individualism societies • Personal independence• Unique, Stand out• Freedom, Don’t conform• More open to outsiders• More socially liberal

Collectivism societies • Primary groups • Share• Harmony• More clannish• Distrust outsider

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II. Individualism

Individualism in Southeast Asia:

• The equation between child• Not Nuclear Family• Saving Face.

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III. The Social Status

To look at women’s progress, one needs to focus on the details through gender-disaggregated. • Healthcare• Access to employment• Wages• Work hours• Holding of leadership positions.

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III. The Social Status

Challenges1. Monitoring Mechanisms2. Migration and Trafficking3. Globalization

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We have already considered the negative and unhelpful language that is often used in the media to describe the lives and image of disabled people.

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• Avoid using medical labels as this may promote a view of disabled people as patients.

• If it is necessary to refer to a condition, it is better to say.

• The word disabled should not be used as a collective noun.

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• Avoid ‘people with disabilities’• Avoid able-bodied person as the

opposite of disabled• Avoid handicapped• Avoid crippled• Avoid wheelchair bound

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V. References • Asian Development Bank (ADB), “PART III–Regional Trends and Tables.”, Key Indicators for

Asia and the Pacific 2014. Philippines, 2014, Chapter 3, Page 135-289.• World Health Ranking, “LIFE EXPECTANCY ASIA. ”,

http://www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/life-expectancy-asia• Wikipedia, “Religion in Asia.”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Asia• World Health Organization (WHO), “Health in Asia and the Pacific.”,

http://www.wpro.who.int/health_research/documents/Health_in_Asia_and_the_Pacific/en/• Europe forum , Individualism, • http://www.eupedia.com/forum/archive/index.php/t-26956.html• SlideShare, Individualism and Collectivism,• http://www.slideshare.net/uncstaff/individualism-and-collectivism?qid=43ea7c1e-3731-4a3c-8c

fb-8d8db208c81d&v=qf1&b=&from_search=2• The Hofstede center, Individualism Figure, http://geert-hofstede.com/singapore.html• Documentary, Women in ASEAN, http://

library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/singapur/04601/2007-3/braema.pdf• Respect langauges, http://www.equalitytraining.co.uk/images/news/language_of_respect.pdf