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CULTURAL CONTROL METHODS FOR FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT
DISEASE
RUFUS AKINRINLOLA
PLANT PATHOLOGY DEPARTMENT
CULTURAL CONTROL METHODS FOR FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT DISEASE
Outline
Fusarium Head Blight (FHB)
Wheat crop
Pathogen and disease cycle
Cultural practices
Conclusion
FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT (FHB)
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is also called wheat or barley scab
FHB is a global threat to wheat crop production. FHB is an above-ground disease FHB is caused by several species of Fusarium F. graminearum (Gibberella zeae) is most prevalent in United
States FHB destroys wheat head (spikelets) FHB contaminates kernels with mycotoxin (DON)
Yuen and Schoneweis, 2007).
FHB reduces grains yields and quality of economic crop
In the 1990s FHB epidemics affect up to 26 states in United
States
Epidemics was ranked the “worst ever” in the United states
since 1950s
Wheat and barley yield losses close to $8 billion USD
between 1992-1993
Farmers bankruptcies and farm closures
FHB: ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
Champeil et al, 2004).
Symptoms:
Premature bleaching of floret and spikelet Discolored or shrivel kernels Damaged kernels
Fusarium head blight (FHB)
https://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org
HK FDK
https://pubs.ext.vt.edu
• Most important world cereal grain crop
• Most important world staple food source
• 36 % of the world population depends on wheat as staple food
• Provides 55% of the world carbohydrate.
• Provides 20% of the world calories need.
• Wheat is cultivated over wide range of climatic conditions
WHEAT CROP (TRITICUM SPP)
Economic importance
Safa et al, 2009.
FHB PATHOGEN AND DISEASE CYCLE
FHB species:• F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F.
poae and F. triticum Most virulent specie is Fusarium graminearum Infective inocula: ascospores, macroconidia,
chlamydospores and hyphae Primary inoculum is ascospores Wide host range among cereal crops (wheat, barley,
corn and rice) Overwinter in crop residues
Fernandez, et al, 2005, Bai & Shaner, 2004
Secondary spread of spores to healthy plant occurs by wind, rain splash
Conidia
Bleached spikelet
Perithecia
Spores colonize the flowers, seeds and stems
Mycelia residue is retained and survive in mature seeds
Debris of infected dead wheat and seedling remain infected in crop residues
Mycotoxins in FDK seeds
DISEASE CYCLE OF FUSARIUM GRAMINEARUM
causing Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) of Wheat (Triticum spp)
PLPT 802 Rufus Akinrinlola
Precipitation, high humidity and warm temperature (25-28°c) induce spores germination and formation of perithecia on crop residues
Activedischarge of ascospores
Premature spikelet bleaching and infection of seeds occur
Seedborne spores result into seedling blight in young seedling in another growing season
Sexual spore
Asexual formation of conidia
Spores spread from primary inoculum source to wheat plant by wind, rain splash and active discharge
SPRI
NG
Winter
Summer
Fall
Gibberella zeae;Teleomorphic or sexual reproductive form
20-25°COptimum temp
Optimum Moisture 0.2-2.5
CROP ROTATION
SOIL TILLAGE
SOWING DATE
CULTURAL PRACTICES
CULTURAL PRACTICES
• Crop rotation
Factors to consider
Nature/ Susceptibility of the crop
Crop (residues) densities
Crop ( residues) nutritional value
Frequency of crop in rotation
Champeil et al, 2004).
CULTURAL PRACTICES
Rotation crops
Maize , durum wheat, oats
Wheat or barley
Soybean
Flax
100%
0%
FHB
SE
VE
RIT
Y
Champeil et al, 2004).
CULTURAL PRACTICES
Tillage
Limited soil tillage Deep soil tillage or ploughing
http://www.balticdeal.eu/Champeil et al, 2004).
CULTURAL PRACTICES
Sowing date Early sowing date
Late sowing date
www.neon.cornell.edChampeil et al, 2004).
CONCLUSION Fusarium head blight is a global threat to major cereal crops including wheat and
barley
It is predominantly caused by Fusarium graminearum in the United States
It reduces crop yields and grain quality in the hosts crops
It contaminate grains with Fusarium major mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON)
It is favored by high precipitation and humidity
Primary inoculum is ascospores and the disease is polycyclic in nature.
Crop rotation, soil tillage and sowing date management can help to reduce the
incidence
• Bai, G., & Shaner, G. (2004). Management and resistance in wheat and barley to Fusarium head blight 1. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 42, 135-161.
• Champeil, A., Dore, T., & Fourbet, J. F. (2004). Fusarium head blight: epidemiological origin of the effects of cultural practices on head blight attacks and the production of mycotoxins by Fusarium in wheat grains. Plant science, 166(6), 1389-1415.
• Fernandez, M. R., Selles, F., Gehl, D., DePauw, R. M., & Zentner, R. P. (2005). Crop production factors associated with Fusarium head blight in spring wheat in eastern Saskatchewan. Crop Science, 45(5), 1908-1916.
• Safa, M., Samarasinghe, S., & Mohssen, M. (2009). Modeling fuel consumption in wheat production using neural networks.
• Yuen, G. Y., & Schoneweis, S. D. (2007). Strategies for managing Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol accumulation in wheat. International journal of food microbiology, 119(1), 126-130.
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