CU Recycle Center

Bangkok, Apr. 9, 2009

TO: Dr. Kallaya Suntornvongsagul ERIC Officer

Environmental Research Institution Chulalongkorn University Sataban 2 building, Payathai road, Wangmai, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330

Dear Sir:

We, the undersigned, offer to provide public communication plans to correct the ineffective management and strengthen the existing operation of recycle sector of Chulalongkorn University in accordance with you Invitation for Bids dated Mar. 12, 2009.

We hereby declare that all the information and statements made in this Bid are

true and accept that any misinterpretation contained in it may lead to our disqualification.

If negotiations are held during the period of validity of the Bid, we undertake

to negotiate on the basis of the proposed staff. Our bid is binding upon us and subject to the modifications resulting from Contract negotiations.

We undertake, if our bid is accepted, to initiate the waste management related

to the assignment not later than the date indicated in the advertisement of the Invitation for Bids.

Yours sincerely,

Orakarn Chantaramungkorn President

Why Waste? Sap road, Sipraya, Bangkok 10500

Introduction 1.1 Introduction to Project Project Background

Nowadays, mankind has achieved the power of progressing science and

technology to be able to supply raw materials to the world’s expanding market and skyrocketing population. Supplying sector acts in accord to demand that has no limitations – leading to excessive use of natural resources. Environment suffers not only from human generated damages but also the following excretion and waste. It has been estimated that an average person generates 0.8-1 kilogram of solid waste per day. And this number is increasing at the average rate of 7 percent every year, as estimated by Department of Public Cleansing (DPC), Bangkok Metropolitan Administration.

Since solid waste relates directly and closely to mankind, as everyone is a

waste producer, it then becomes in local, national, regional, up to global scale problem that urgently needs a solution. Chulalongkorn University, with its area of 1,154 rai, is no exemption. Number of personnel in faculties, departments, institutes, demonstration school, and organizations together with students makes up a 40,000 people in this diverse community. The activities of each community member contribute to around 2,970 tons of solid and hazardous waste the university has to bear every year. Therefore, solid waste management is needed to reduce the cost the university’s waste elimination and more importantly, to protect hygiene and health of community members as well as environment they live in.

On the one hand, waste can be handled in many ways – open dumps, ocean

dumps, landfills, exporting waste or incineration. Nonetheless, these solutions are what Professor Thanawan Sundhara at Environment Research Institute Chulalongkorn University called “late pipe problem-solving” and they lead to pollution which can harm the people as well. No wonder why they are the least preferred solid waste management in the Solid Waste Management Hierarchy. On the other hand, the most effective management lies in the “top pipe problem solving,” source rejection, reduction and reuse, which are the most preferable solutions. Recycling is also added into the CU Recycle Center’s strategic 4Rs plan; Reject, Reuse, Recycle, and Reduce.

In an attempt to make Chulalongkorn University a “green” campus, the

administration has initiated the CU-Envi Watch program, a program that tracks environmental issue in the campus. Chulalongkorn University aims to develop a sustainable development in the campus and make it as a “Better Place to Live” as one of the university’s 100th Anniversary missions. The program’s prominent project, CU Recycle Center, emerged on Jun. 5th, 2008 to build a systematic, effective and environmental-friendly waste management program as well as promote voluntary mind and participation in the community.

The concepts of Cu-Envi Watch program conforms with the Rio Declaration

on Environment and Development which is the result from 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. All 172,108 heads of state or governments, 2,400 representatives of non-governmental organizations and 17,000 people attended the parallel NGO Forum agreed on consensus to sustainable development and proposed waste management

plan to the world community. The aim was to produce least solid waste through 1P 3Rs theory; prevention, reduce, reuse and recycle. Similar to Chulalongkorn University recycle sector, the Summit also values highly the cooperation among community members such as governmental sector, private sector, NGOs and citizens.

Even though Chulalongkorn University has many good environmental

programs and projects, only few of community member acknowledge them. Therefore, instead of invest large amount of money on new waste management technology, communication is needed to strengthen ethics and moral of the community member to combat with major components of the campus’s waste which are paper and plastic. Objectives

1. To implement public communication plan to sustainably strengthen the operation of CU Recycle Center with particular focus on plastic and paper recycling

2. To promote environmental sense and cooperation among Chulalongkorn University’s personnel and students

3. To create awareness of CU Recycle Center and to get people separating their trashes more

Project Location CU Recycle Center’s five pilot recycling areas; Faculty of Laws, Faculty of Communication Arts, Faculty of Education, Chulalongkorn University Demonstration School, and Chulalongkorn’s dormitory.

Scope of Study Why Waste? aims at creating an effective public communication plan to sustainably strengthen the operation of CU Recycle Center with particular focus on plastic and paper recycling without any interferences of the existing management which is bound by law and regulations. Nonetheless, as a well-respected waste

management company, we also included practical suggestions in terms of management and policy that will enhance and strengthen the recycle practice in the future. 1.2 Company Profile

Why Waste? Inc. is the leading provider of comprehensive waste and environmental services worldwide. The company is strongly committed to a foundation of financial strength, operating excellence and professionalism.

Why Waste? tailors its services to meet the needs of each customer group

and to ensure consistent, superior service at the local level. Headquartered in London, the company's network of operations includes 354 collection operations, 341 transfer stations, 277 active landfill disposal sites, 16 waste-to-energy plants, 105 recycling facilities (30 of which are single-stream technology), 108 landfill gas projects with 10 more slated for construction in 2008, and 6 independent power production plants. These assets enable Why Waste? to offer a full range of environmental services to nearly 20 million residential, industrial, municipal and commercial customers.

Values and Beliefs Since our establishment, Why Waste operations and investments both

locally and internationally has always contained our three-benefit philosophy. Passionately embedded into our everyday working life, our businesses and affiliates with more than 50,000 employees worldwide firmly uphold that our work must serve as a:

• Benefit to the Country • Benefit to the People • Benefit to the Company

Corporate Culture

How we work sets us apart from our competitors. Adhering to six guiding principles, our working environment constantly involves:

• Professionalism • Product innovation • Customer satisfaction • Versatility and adaptability • Quality products at lowest prices • Dedication and loyalty of the workforce

Why Waste?'s environmental initiatives have drawn recognition numerous

times from organizations such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Department of Energy and the Wildlife Habitat Council. Waste Management Operations:

Collection Why Waste? provides solid waste collection services to millions of

customers across South East Asia, ranging in size from the single residential subscription to large national customers requiring comprehensive, one-source waste programs to serve hundreds of locations. With about 22,000 collection and transfer vehicles, the company has the largest trucking fleet in the waste industry and collects nearly 74 million tons of solid waste per year.

Transfer With much of the waste collected by Why Waste? going to its own

landfills, a supporting network of transfer stations provides an important link for efficient disposal. Why Waste? has strategically located transfer stations to consolidate, compact and load waste from collection vehicles into long-haul trailers, barge containers and rail cars for transport to landfills.

Disposal Why Waste? operating the largest network of landfills in its industry

manages the disposal of more than 116 million tons of waste per year. The company operates its sites according to standards of safety and environmental compliance that go beyond regulatory requirements.

Why Waste? is focused on solutions that impact the future of solid waste

management, including Next Generation TechnologySM, which accelerates the decomposition of organic waste so that it occurs within years instead of decades. Currently, the company is conducting research to confirm the environmental benefits of this alternative method for managing landfill waste.

Recycling As the largest recycler of municipal solid waste in South East Asia, Waste

Management processes 8 million tons of recyclable materials each year. Through the resources of Why Waste? Recycle South East Asia, we provide cost-efficient, environmentally-sound recycling programs for municipalities, businesses and households across the region.

Renewable Energy For many years, Waste Management has worked with businesses, industries

and public utilities across South East Asia to develop beneficial use projects from landfill gas. This gas is a reliable, renewable energy source that is produced naturally as waste decomposes in landfills. When collected, it can be used directly as medium Btu gas for industrial use or sold to gas-to-energy plants to fuel engine or turbine-driven generators that produce electricity.

In addition, our waste-to-energy subsidiary, Wheelabrator Technologies,

owns or operates 16 plants that can process up to an aggregate of 21,000 tons of waste per day and generate more than 650 megawatts of electricity. This is enough clean energy to replace more than 6 million barrels of oil and power 600,000 homes per year. Accomplishments:

Drawing on our resources and experience, we actively pursue projects and initiatives that benefit the waste industry, the communities we serve and the

environment. Waste Management works to make a positive difference for the environment in every aspect of its business.

• We recover and process methane gas, naturally produced by decomposing

waste in landfills, into an energy source for generating power. We currently supply enough landfill gas to create more than 450 megawatts of green energy that could power about 400,000 homes or replace about 7 million barrels of oil per year or 2 millions tons of coal per year.

• With 425 vehicles now converted from diesel fuel to clean-burning natural gas, we operate one of the nation's largest fleets of heavy-duty trucks powered exclusively by natural gas.

• We have taken a leadership role in promoting the recycling and reuse of

materials that would otherwise end up in landfills. Waste Management, combined with its wholly owned subsidiary WM Recycle America, is North America’s largest recycler. We process 5.5 million tons of commodities each year, saving approximately 41 million trees through paper and cardboard recycling alone.

• Through its waste-to-energy plants, WM uses solid municipal waste to

generate power. This reduces the volume of the waste by 90 percent and saves space in local landfills while providing an economical alternative to the use of fossil and nuclear fuels.

• WM partners with communities, government and industries to redevelop

closed landfill sites into recreational and commercial facilities such as parks, athletic fields, campgrounds and golf courses.

• Across North America, we work with environmental groups to set aside

land to create and manage wetlands and wildlife habitats. Our landfills provide more than 17,000 acres of protected land for wildlife; 24 landfills are certified by the Wildlife Habitat Council.

• WM helped found the Chicago Climate Exchange, an organization

established to provide a voluntary marketplace for reducing and trading greenhouse gas emissions.

In-house Departments Why waste does not only offers a strong and efficient waste management service to its customers, but we also other specialized services from each of our in-house departments. At Why Waste, each departments work together as a team and thrive to produce the best services to the clients. Our other departments include:

• Integrated Marketing Communication Department • Social and Development Department • Research and Development Department • Accounting

Our people make the difference. We are passionate about what we do and thrive on the success of our clients. We continuously work with our clients to ensure customer needs are met and results obtained. We are strong believers of integration and were an “integrated marketing” agency before it became fashionable. Our philosophy has always been that by integrating our creative through all media, tradeshows, sales pieces and corporate literature, not only would our clients messages be more consistent and effective, but also more cost-efficient. We believe that by offering a single-source solution, our clients can take advantage of the most effective, cost-efficient and measurable marketing solution. Our well-built Research and Development department allows us to gather insight so we can better understand what our clients’ customers and prospects want and need from our clients’ brands. We then develop and deliver relevant and effective key messages which resonant with our targets and influence them to buy our clients’ brands. !!We integrate many of our services so that our clients can reach their objectives, grow their business and increase their ROI. We do this by maximizing efficiencies – saving time and money. Company’s Awards and Accomplishments To ensure our highly valued credibility, Why Waste is well trusted among leading organizations around the world, especially in Thailand. With over 200 clients since our establishment, we have uplifted many of our key clients’ positioning in their market and become a part of their success.

The Charoen Pokphand Group is the largest business conglomerate in Thailand. Its largest subsidiary is Charoen Pokphand Foods, which achieved 116.5 billion baht in revenue in 2005, earning a profit of 6.747 billion baht. Apart from agribusiness, the family-owned conglomerate's interests range from retailing, as the franchisee of Thailand's 7-Eleven stores, to telecommunications, as the owner of True Corporation, a mobile telephone service provider, Internet

service provider, and cable television company.

The Siam Cement Public Company Ltd. is the largest cement company in Thailand.Since its founding, Siam Cement has diversified, under the name Siam Cement Group (SCG), to meet the needs of Thailand’s growing economy, establishing and participating in new industries as

technology and market demand warranted.

PTT Public Company Limited, PTT PCL, or simply PTT, is a Thai state-owned SET-listed oil

and gas company. Formerly known as the Petroleum Authority of Thailand, it owns extensive submarine gas pipelines in the Gulf of Thailand, a network of LPG terminals throughout the Kingdom, and is involved in electricity generation, petrochemical products, oil and gas exploration and production, and gasoline retailing businesses. PTT is one of the largest corporations in Thailand.

Thai Airways International Public Company Limited is the national carrier of the Kingdom of Thailand. It operates domestic, regional and intercontinental flights radiating from its home base in Bangkok to key destinations around the world and within Thailand. The company's fully

paid up share capital amounts to 16,988,765,500 Baht (9 May 2005) and is 53.77% owned by the Ministry of Finance, the Thai Government. Awards THE GREEN APPLE ENVIRONMENT AWARD FOR ENVIRONMENT BEST PRACTICE One of the biggest, longest established environmental award schemes in the UK. Feeder scheme into the RSA European Business Awards for the Environment. One of the most prestigious awards, yet still no entry fee. THE GROSVENOR BEST LOCAL AUTHORITY INITIATIVE (NATIONAL RECYCLING AWARDS) One of 10 awards to recognize excellence in recycling and sustainable waste management. CLEANER SAFER GREENER NETWORK AWARDS 2006 The award recognizes and rewards excellence and innovation in improving local environmental quality. The award scheme exists to share good practice so that all CSG Network members can learn from each other. Winning such a prestigious and visible award demonstrates to the public, staffs, stakeholders and customers that Why waste are taking your environmental responsibilities seriously. AWARDS FOR EXCELLENCE - COMMERCIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT INITIATIVE Recycling in the commercial and industrial sector is seeing added impetus, driven in part by legislation and a growing awareness of the economic gains that can be made. HAND IN HAND AWARD - WASTE MANAGEMENT The award recognizes businesses and organisations that have improved their economic efficiency or performance through actions that have simultaneously enhanced the South West's environment. Other awards: EARTH SUMMIT 2002 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AWARDS 2008 GREEN AWARDS FOR CREATIVITY IN SUSTAINABILITY EDIE AWARDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL EXCELLENCE SAFER GREENER NETWORK AWARD - PUBLIC CONSULTATION

1.3 Conformity with TOR Why Waste submits this bid in conformity with TOR as listed below. 1. Why Waste has compiled background information including;

- review existing documents relevant to the waste generation, collection and recycle in Bangkok and CU including laws, regulations, and permit requirements

- collect basic data focusing on recycle waste and activities - compile the collected information to the operation of waste recycle sector of

CU 2. Why Waste has analyzed options for enhancing recycling including;

- analyze the problems found retarding the sustainability of the Solid Waste Recycle of CU

- analyze the possible public communication methods for enhancing the existing recycling operation of CU. The analysis will be undertaken with respects to the social values, economical budget, available technology and university capability.

- Recommend the practical methods for enhancing the recycling activities and also with lowest budgets. Select the best communication method with objectives, advantages and disadvantages.

- Propose planned activities of the best method that shall be conducted in the year of 2010

Project Description 2.1 Project Necessity

Chulalongkorn University has to bear both physically and financially for the management of as much as 2,970 tons of internally produced waste annually. Chula community members may suffer from lack of sanitation, disturbing odors and diseases, so waste management is needed. Chulalongkorn Administrators have spotted the problem and introduced many projects and regulations in response. However, to reduce the burden from waste effectively, according to Factors for Success Chart, what the university lacks is an effective and practical Public Relations campaign to strengthen the university’s policy and have students and staffs use the waste container provided. These three factors will help trigger Chula community to a green society. Not only can Chula community can initiate green movements internally, but Chulalongkorn University as one of the most respected institution in Thailand and a huge waste producer must help bring better welfare to Thai society as a whole. For example, it is predicted that in less than 10 years from now, BMA will run out of its landfills. Landfill sites also emit methane, a powerful greenhouse gas. Chulalongkorn University should implant environmental values to its students and staffs to fulfill its mission and, on the same time, be a role model for other institutions and organizations in Thailand in accordance to the 100th Anniversary conference of Chulalongkorn University. The particaipants has noted the importance of educating Chulalongkorn University students to be competent members of the society. However, knowledge alone cannot make one a good social agent. Environmental issues are not creating concerns all around the globe and its damages have cost many lives and large amount of money. Without environmental consciousness, people will destroy their own natural resources, which can have disastrous effects on the next generations. Benefits from recycle Recycling Conserves Resources When we recycle, used materials are converted into new products, reducing the need to consume natural resources. If used materials are not recycled, new products are made by extracting fresh, raw material from the Earth, through mining and forestry.

Recycling helps conserve important raw materials and protects natural habitats for the future.

Recycling saves energy Using recycled materials in the manufacturing process uses considerably less energy than that required for producing new products from raw materials – even when comparing all associated costs including transport etc.

Plus there are extra energy savings because more energy is required to extract, refine, transport and process raw materials ready for industry compared with providing industry-ready materials.

Recycling helps protect the environment Recycling reduces the need for extracting (mining, quarrying and logging), refining and processing raw materials all of which create substantial air and water pollution.

As recycling saves energy it also reduces greenhouse gas emissions, which helps to tackle climate change. Current UK recycling is estimated to save more than 18 million tonnes of C02 a year – the equivalent to taking 5 million cars off the road.

2.2 Study Tasks

Social Study Paper Habit Objective: The objective for this study is to identify how people consume and use paper in their everyday lives. Moreover, it shows which group of people uses papers the most. This helps us to communicate directly to the target group; therefore, enables us to launch an effective recycling campaign. This study also helps us to better understand people’s attitudes toward recycle and how much they collaborate to help recycling papers. Sometimes it can be difficult to relay to people just how much we consume; particularly those of us in developing countries. While purchasing green this and eco-friendly that are all well and good; one of the root causes of our environmental problems is hyper consumption. We simply buy too much of what we don't need and often even what we don't really want. Remember that hyper consumption can also extend to buying "green". Our thinking is that if something is labeled environmentally friendly, then we can use more of it, but we really need to bear in mind that however earth friendly a product may be, it still requires energy to produce, resources to create and transport to get it to us. Even in the world of green shopping it's still a case of everything in moderation. In order to launch an effective recycling campaign, we have to study in many areas including social study which is the process of learning people’s behavior. Social studies provide a broad overview of human behavior.Since our topic is about recycled waste; the study is aimed at studying paper habit and plastic habit of people. Paper habit is the study about how people normally use paper. Nowadays, there are many paper industries in Thailand that have risen continually. People use more paper each day. Therefore, we would like to identify the broad overview of paper habit. To study habits, we need to conduct surveys through conversations, reviews of existing reports, observation and interactive surveys. From conversations with different people including students in different ages, and staffs, we have found most of the people use at least 10 papers regularly. Students are seems to use more paper than other people, especially university students because they often copy notes from their friends. Also, most professors prefer to give hand out to students in class in stead of using a book according to convenience and effectiveness. Besides, all those papers are not recycled paper. For education, using recycled paper is not suitable because most people might think that recycled paper is not clean and clear enough. From the observation, only a few students use recycled paper. Some students agree that they prefer to use a new one, and they also reveal that they have many papers left with one page used only. However, there are many students who do care about recycling paper since they have known lots of recycling campaign from the

media and also the increase in environmental problem which is a result of too many wastes these days. They feel that it is not a big deal to reuse papers since regular papers have two pages. We should use as much space as we can to reduce the amount of paper. Some students use one paper two times, and some keep all used papers in one place for using it again. Recycling facts and figures On average one tree can be used to create an approx 80,500 sheets of A4 paper. This may sound like a vast amount but that actually 786 million trees just to keep the world in paper for one year. This is not so surprising when you realize that over 150 billion newspapers are sold across the world every year, and that’s before we start to look at glossy magazines and books.

• 10-15% of an organizations revenues are spent creating, managing and distributing documents

• 60% of people's time is spent working with documents • 75-85% of business documents are in paper form • The average document is copied 5 times • 90% of a business's information is in documents, not databases

In the mid-19th century, there was an increased demand for books and writing material. Up to this time, paper manufacturers had used discarded linen rags for paper, but supply could not keep up with the increased demand. Books were bought at auctions for the purpose of recycling fiber content into new paper, at least in the United Kingdom, by the beginning of the 19th century. Internationally, about half of all recovered paper comes from converting losses (pre-consumer recycling), such as shavings and unsold periodicals; approximately one third comes from household or post-consumer waste. Some statistics on paper consumption:

• The average per capita paper use in the USA in 2001 was 700 pounds (320 kg). The average per capita paper use worldwide was 110 pounds (50 kg).

• It is estimated that 95% of business information is still stored on paper. [Source: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) Discussion Paper (IIED, London, September 1996)]

• Recycling 1 short ton (0.91 t) of paper saves 17 mature trees, 7 thousand US gallons (26 m3) of water, 3 cubic yards (2.3 m3) of landfill space, 2 barrels of oil (84 US gal or 320 l), and 4,100 kilowatt-hours (15 GJ) of electricity — enough energy to power the average American home for five months.

• Although paper is traditionally identified with reading and writing, communications has now been replaced by packaging as the single largest category of paper use at 41% of all paper used. [Source: North American Factbook PPI, 1995. (Figures are for 1993)]

• 115 billion sheets of paper are used annually for personal computers [Source: Worldwatch Institute]. The average daily web user prints 28 pages daily [Source: Gartner group and HP]

• Most corrugated fiberboard boxes have over 25% recycled fibers. Some are 100% recycled fiber.

Plastic Habit Objective of the Study: This plastic habit study is aimed to recognize how much students in the university use plastic bags and how often. By carrying out this study, we are able to acknowledge that some students are aware of the environmental problem caused by the plastic bag and chose to avoid using them. This study also guide us what kind of applications plastics are being used in and how much they are being consumed. This will make it easier for us to establish a campaign that will effectively get rid off the plastic wastes in the university. During June to September 2009, we have studied the behavior of students and staffs around five major locations in Chulalongkorn University which are (1) Faculty of Law, (2) Faculty of Communication Arts, (3) Faculty of Education, (4) Chulalongkorn University Demonstration School and (5) Chulalongkorn dormitory. We’ve found through observations, interviews and surveys that plastic bags have become ubiquitous and regularly use by many students because they are lightweight, cheap and functional. Plastic bags are widely used for containing and transporting foods, produce, powders, ice, chemicals, waste, etc. Of all 40 students and staffs interviewed and 26 reply from online surveys, average of use of plastic bags is 3 plastic bags per day with only 10 percent reusing them sometimes. The highest contribution to plastic bags usage is to carry food and fruits, therefore they cannot be recycled or reused. However, many restaurants, shops and Seven Elevens try to stop offering plastic grocery bags due of concerns about their environmental impact. Moreover, 27 percent students who concern about global warming are saying no for plastic bag. Packaging represents the largest single sector of plastics use in the University. The sector accounts for 35% of Chula plastics consumption and plastic is the material of choice in nearly half of all packaged goods.

Plastics are used in a wide range of applications and some plastics items, such as food packaging, become waste only a short time after purchase. Other plastic items lend themselves to be reused many times over.

Recycling Study The objective: assess the psychometric properties and the utility of a questionnaire devised to investigate campus recycling, and to consider the results in the light of current theories with a view to informing interventions 1. Secondary Source We studied wide ranges of studies and researches concerning recycle practices within Chulalongkorn campus, BMA and Thailand in order to gain important facts and key insights of involvement of people in recycle practice. 2. Primary Source Interview In order to develop an effective public communication plan that attacks the core problems, fully understand the existing recycle sector in Chulalongkorn University is needed. Why Waste? Team had arranged interviews with key personnel involving directly to the project such as Director of CU Recycle Center, Professor Thanapan Sundhara, and Campus Maintainance Office. By learning from real experiences with people who drive the CU recycle project, Why Waste could understand more about its target and identify their motivations in order to develop the plan suit for them. Survey The recycling attitudes survey is a program of research by Why Waste? into public attitudes towards environmental issues and the psychological and social factors associated with different forms of environmentally relevant behaviour. This research programme is specifically concerned with factors associated with campus recycling behaviour. In order to get attention and to save natural resources, we decided that our surveys would come with recycled or used paper. The main aims were to assess the psychometric properties and the utility of a questionnaire devised to investigate campus recycling, and to consider the results in the light of current theories with a view to informing interventions. A total of 252 completed questionnaires were returned by 11 November 2009. Participants were drawn from the scope area including, Faculty of Law, Faculty of Communication Arts, Faculty of Education, Chulalongkorn University Demonstration School, and on-campus dormitories in recycling sector of CU Recycle Center. The sample consisted of 252 participants. Of these, 64% (160) were female, 36% (90) were male. Ages ranged from 17 years to 50 years, with a mean age of 36.13 years (SD = 14.72). Only one per cent (2) of participants indicated that they had some involvement with environmental organisations, mostly at a voluntary level. Around 16% of participants had separated their waste into categories at least some of their newspapers, glass, aluminium and plastic in the three months prior to data collection, with most participants using bins provided. However, only 5 per cent of them collects recyclable waste and sell at CU Recycle Center despite the fact that rather more participants (54%) indicated some intention to recycle these waste items in the month following data collection. The most frequently endorsed reasons for recycling were ‘to conserve the earth’s resources’ (85% - 93%), ‘because it’s easy to

do’ (67% - 79%), and ‘because it’s a habit’ (68% - 77%). Of the reasons for not recycling, the most frequently endorsed were as follows: ‘recycling facilities are not easily available’ (80% - 84%), ‘there are no local collections’ (70% - 73%), ‘I’m not in the habit of doing it’ (64% - 68%), and ‘it doesn’t occur to me to do this, or I forget’ (61% - 65%). Principal components analysis of prompts and barriers produced two and four factors respectively. The prompt factors were characterised as follows: to make money/to make a good impression (external reasons and social pressures); and habit/to conserve the earth’s resources (habit/belief). The first two barrier factors were characterised as follows: ‘it doesn’t occur to me/I forget’ (I don’t think about it); and ‘there are no local collections or facilities’ (it isn’t easy to do). The other two barrier factors were more difficult to interpret, but the third appeared to reflect a feeling that recycling was not important to the participant. These factor scores were used in further analysis, but the weaknesses of the factor structures were acknowledged. The attitudinal/social variables were also subjected to principal components analysis, and the results were more satisfactory. The first factor was characterised by positive feelings towards recycling, a sense of responsibility, a sense of social support for recycling, and a sense of self-identity. The second factor was characterised by having opportunities to recycle and finding it easy in the following month, and was thus a reflection of perceived behavioural control over recycling. The third factor reflected social pressure to recycle (but not a sense of control over this), while the fourth factor centred on recycling if there were penalties or if paid (but a sense of identity as someone who does not recycle). Scores on the The analysis centred on the factors related to intentions to recycle and past recycling behaviour. The results indicated that both past recycling behaviour and intentions to recycle were related to age (with younger people as Chulalongkorn University Demonstration School students being more likely to separate trashes and/or recycle). Past recycling and intentions were also related to positive feelings about recycling, to finding recycling easy to do (perceived behavioural control) and to involvement in environmental groups (with those recycling most or all of their waste expressing more positive feelings, indicating that they found it comparatively easy to do, and being more likely to have an involvement in environmental groups). Further, those recycling most or all of their campus waste, and intending to do so in future, were more likely to indicate that they had recycled out of habit and to conserve the earth’s resources, and they were less likely to have failed to recycle because they forgot/couldn’t be bothered, or because there were no local collections or facilities. The results of the discriminant function analyses indicated that when all other relevant variables were statistically controlled, those who had some intention to recycle were more likely to have recycled in the past, they were more likely to have recycled out of habit and to conserve the earth’s resources, and they were more likely to find recycling easy to do (perceived behavioural control). Those who had not recycled anything in the previous three months were less likely to have recycled out of habit or to conserve the earth’s resources. More informatively, with this and the demographic variables controlled for, they were more likely to have failed to recycle because they forgot or couldn’t be bothered, and they were less likely to feel that recycling was easy for them to achieve (perceived behavioural control). A large number of participants (44%) provided written comments on their questionnaires. The majority of these comments focused specifically on factors which would improve their own and other people’s recycling behaviour, typically through

the improvement of campus recycling facilities and the provision of regular collection services. Some participants commented on the need for education and the raising of awareness of recycling and other environmental issues, while others took a broader view of the problems (often economic) associated with environmental issues. A number of comments were related specifically to the structure of the questionnaire, although, interestingly, some participants mentioned that the questionnaire itself had reminded them of the importance of recycling. Many participants commented on the problems they had with finding recycling facilities, and it was clear that most had little or no access to the Recycle Center. There is strong evidence to suggest from the current study that if the organisational structures were to be put into place, people in Chulalongkorn University would make good use of them. Even though there was a low level of awareness of existing recycle and other environmental projects in Chulalongkorn University, there was a high level of awareness of the importance for recycling. In addition, many of our participants made it clear that they wanted to do more in the way of recycling. Under the current circumstances, with a lack of facilities, it was not surprising that attitudinal, social and educational issues were less important in determining actual behaviour. However, these factors did vary significantly across groups of recycling behaviours and intentions, and when recycling is relatively easy to do, attitudes and social factors are likely to play a more substantial role. The current literature (e.g. Terry et al., 1999b; van Knippenberg, 1999) suggests that social factors, in terms of identification with social groups, may play a crucial role in determining the acceptance of information and persuasive material, and in translating that acceptance into behaviour. This is consistent with the results of the current study, in which it was found that social support and self-identity differentiated between recycling groups (as part of the ‘positive feelings’ measure), whereas perceived social pressure (without identification) did not.

Communication Study Objectives: Communication study is a key to success in our campaign. It is used to assemble information needed in tailoring the use of a variety of communication tools and the use of message strategies to produce the most impact on target audiences which is Chulalongkorn University students and staffs. This exploratory study of media’s impact was designed to unfold in two major phases. The first phase, which began in March 2004 and ends with this report, was designed to be a learning process that would inform the building of a framework, or model, for measuring media’s and message’s impact on Chulalongkorn audiences and channels of distribution. While ultimately dependent upon findings from this first phase, the second phase was originally conceived to be a testing process, whereby we would pilot test our model in the recycle sector, (1) Faculty of Law, (2) Faculty of Communication Arts, (3) Faculty of Education, (4) Chulalongkorn University Demonstration School and (5) Chulalongkorn dormitory in order to see how well the model captures desired media and message impact – creating awareness about the CU Recycle Center and educating the recycling practice to students and staff at Chulalongkorn University. For the first phase of this study, we drew upon two primary categories of data. The first category was existing research literature on media specifically in Chulalongkorn campus, BMA and Thailand, as well as on impact studies from related areas such as community development, mainstream and alternative media, social marketing, and social movement/advocacy. Our literature review helped to inform the overall design and direction of the study, as well as our public communication plan presented former in this report. The plan is our way of positioning media within the broader media landscape, as well as organizing our findings on potential versus observed media and message impacts. The plan was also informed by our second category of data—primary data. We gathered the input and expertise of various stakeholders in the media field about measuring media’s impact on Chulalongkorn audiences and channels of distribution. Specific primary data sources included the following: Observation During June to Septermber 2008, we study the actual behavior of students and staffs in naturalistic settings in order to get the closest information to the reality. We aimed at observing media behaviors of people in Chulalongkorn University; how they pay attention to different media, how many people exposed to the media, what message can capture their interests the most, how they responds to certain media and messages. Interviews In August and September 2004, we held in-depth interviews with 18 media practitioners, intermediaries, and researchers. Respondents were asked about: targeted levels of impact of available media in the campus; challenges and strategies in different media; suggestions and ideas for most effective communication plan in the campus; and important impact studies and/or measurement tools they could

recommend. We aimed to secure input from Chulalongkorn community directly involved group of media organizations. Online survey. Deciding not to create paper waste ourselves, in August 2004, we launched an online survey of Chulalongkorn campus media and message. Our broad aim was to conceive and measure impact of each media available in the campus and potential effective messages on identified target audiences and channels of distribution. The survey gathered descriptive information from each respondent, such as media type, reach, frequency of exposure, and impact focus so that we can tailor our campaign to best match with the audiences. The survey used a range of question types, including multiple responses and open-ended responses. We emailed the online link to the survey to 224 students and staff, a portion of which were provided by Management Offices of faculties, demonstration school, and dormitory, as part of their effort to contribute to CU Recycle program. We also utilized a snowballing technique, in that the original recipients of the survey were asked to pass the survey on to their colleagues in the focus area in recycle sector. We ultimately received 58 responses, representing an overall response rate of 26 percent. In order to ensure that all recipients met our working definition of media and message, we included in the survey an upfront question designed to weed out those respondents who did not meet this definition.

2.3 Strong Points/Strategies Integrated Marketing Communication Integrated Marketing Communication, or what the Advertising Age called it the single most important influence on strategic decision-making today, is applied to Why Waste’s public communication plan. The principal benefit derived from the integration of marketing communication is the synergy. Synergy has been described as the 2+2=5 phenomenon. By bringing together the various facets of marketing communications in a mutually supportive and enhancing way then the resulting 'whole' is more then the simple sum of its parts." (Pickton and Broderick 2001). Each element enhances and supports the other. Why Waste? recognizes the need to plan and build-up all relevant marketing communications so that they can work together in harmony to greatest efficiency. Our communication plan is designed to bring out the most competitive advantages of each medium available in Chulalongkorn University to establish meaningful dialogue with audiences and deliver ‘the right message to the right person at the right time.’ The campaign also maintains relationship with audiences by constantly reminding them with recycle practice and CU Recycle Center. This can be seen when looking at our television advertisement and the images and messages carried through it. Even though messages are delivered through various media, with the use of IMC, they remain consistency. Consistency is a significant key for the program achieve its goal because audiences will not get confused with scattered messages and they will remember and recall the messages easier. Psychological approach In order to achieve the most effective outcome, when choosing messages to deliver, we not only carefully assess our target audiences but also study the best approach to get the messages to their minds. We studied many significant researches and studies in psychology field and come up with the most practical plan in three critical phases; create awareness phase, educate phase and feel good phase. The first phase, create awareness phase, stems from the theory that familiarity breeds liking and positive attitude, which can lead to desired actions. In this stage, we will launch our IMC plan through various media so that people in Chulalongkorn University will be exposed to our messages as frequent as possible. The second phase, educate phase, conforms to the evidence that people are more open to and seeks information that is in accord with their attitudes or preference. Positive attitudes towards the campaign, CU Recycle Center and recycle practice that we have built during the first phase will help the audiences to be more receptive and responsive to the more informative information in this stage, while remaining consistency in the message. The last phase, feel good phase, lies on the techniques of post-marketing communication widely used in global market, which mainly relies on two studies; (1) One will seek information to reduce one’s cognitive dissonance. People sometimes think that they could have made a better choice, same as recycling people. Some of them may feel what they received whether they are emotionally or financially are not worth their efforts. Our campaign will focus on reminding good feeling that they may gain from the project. (2) If one associates good feeling with an action, one will keep

doing it. Therefore, during this phase, we will promote benefits participants received after joining the program such as pride and self-respect of helping the campus green. Our main goal at the end of communication plan is to keep community members to continue separate trash and recycle even if there will be no promotion in the future. Creative use of communication tools Because of today’s media clutter within Chulalongkorn campus; for example, walls are full with different posters each fighting for attention, community members hardly notice or pay attention to any of them. Therefore, we come up with creative uses of media to get out of the clutter and deliver desired message directly to desired target audience. Promoting with the famous and well-respected Chulalongkorn University Cheer Leader or providing car tag are ones of them. Club activities not only help reduce the cost of hiring staff but also, more importantly, encourage a sustainable recycle practice among members of Chulalongkorn University. More detailed is elaborated in Work Plan section. Environmental friendliness We practice what we preach. We promote recycle practice so we aimed not to create waste and harm the environment ourselves during research and campaign. For example, we used e-mail and recycled/reused papers rather than new ones for our surveys in recycling study and communication study. Furthermore, we tried to minimize the number of papers used in the communication plan and emphasized on other media such as reusable cutouts, TVC, radio spot or events which do not require as much natural resources.

Work Plan 1.1 Tasks This communication plan will be placed in 5 different locations; Faculty of Laws, Faculty of Communication Arts, Faculty of Education, Chulalongkorn dormitory, and Chulalongkorn University Demonstration School. Our campaign will be divided into three different phases. These phases will have different objective and purposes that will work together as a whole to achieve our main goal, which is to get people separating their trashes more. We believe that by changing the campaign, we will generate interests among the target audience and therefore lead to our desired result more effectively than if we were to use one campaign for the whole year. Phrase one In this stage, the campaign will focus on creating awareness among the target audience about the Chulalongkorn recycling centre as well as promoting the habit of separating trashes. Cutouts and print ads are used to promote the recycle centre to encourage more people to participate in the trash-selling program on Wednesdays at Faculty of Education. Moreover, new modernly designed recycle rubbish bins, together with cutouts, will be placed in 5 significant locations in the scope of work to persuade people to separate their trashes more. A Television Commercial (TVC) will also be aired in the Chulalongkorn TV network, U-network, to reinforce the importance of recycling and separating garbage. In addition, as our campaign will start in January, the same month as the annual Thammasat-Chula football match, we’ve come to realize the impact that CU Cheerleaders have on our target audience in this period of time. Therefore, we will also be using CU cheerleaders as the campaign presenters to promote and gain publicity for the campaign. The campaign’s print ad will also be featured in the university’s famous magazine, BAKA. Phrase two In this stage, the campaign will focus on educating people about the alternative ways of making contribution to save the environment. By using cutouts and events that will go around the scope of work, the four R’s, recycle, reduce, reuse, and reject, will be put into play. Also, as this is the time where new freshmen are coming into the university, this is therefore a great opportunity to induce the newcomers to make contributions and make them feel that recycling is part of being a Chula student. A booth will be put up in the day of the CU first date which will feature many fun activities and games about recycling and separating trashes. Not only this will promote the campaign to the students, but also by using activities and games, this will help to get the message get through to the young teens. TVC will continue to be aired on the U-network and the campaign’s song will be launch as a radio spot on the CU radio to, again, get through to the audience. Phrase three In this stage, the campaign will focus on reinforcing and encouraging the target audience to continue to pursue the habit of recycling and separating their trashes. The objective of this post communication stage is to make the participants feel good about themselves and that their participations are appreciated. By making they feel good about what they’ve done; this will help participants to be more likely to continue the

habit of recycling and separating their trashes as their contributions are seen and significant. Again, cutouts will be used to get the message across. Moreover, a print ad will be placed in different faculty’s magazines and TVC will continue to be aired in the U-network. Moreover, the ‘I can recycle’ car tags will be produced and given out to the participants as a way of showing their pride of knowing how to recycle and separate their trashes to other people. We come up with many communication tools; Print ad, cut-outs, television commercials on U-Network, car tags, club, song, events, campaign ambassador, CU radio channel, website, stand signs, and booth. These communication tools aim to advertise our campaign to our target group which is Chulalongkorn students and staffs, Chulalongkorn Demonstration School students and other people in the scope area. The mascot, named “Trasha”, also plays a main role in our recycled campaign. Trasha acts like a symbol which appears in every kind of our communication tools used in this program in order to create consistency and recognition.

Print Ad The print ad will be placed in many places; walls around the university, Chula magazines, Faculty magazines, and stickers in order to advertise the campaign. And the design of the print ad will adjust in accord with the main focus of each phrase.

It is easy to introduce the campaign in university magazine; since it can help the company reaches the target audiences. This strategy is very cost-effective, as our printed ad will be exposed directly to our target group after the company gives those magazines sponsorship. The company can easily build awareness, provides information of the campaign, persuades the students and staffs to act, reminds and reinforces the students and staffs to take the actions. However, the print ad in the magazine must be creative and well-planned in order to catch the attention from the readers, and stimulate them to take the actions in accord with the campaign.

Our printed ad comes with 2 sizes; the poster size (60x30 cm.) and the sticker size (18x10 cm.). For the poster size, we will break up into 3 designs; ขยะ=เงิน, 4Rs, and Thank You. 20 posters of each design will be placed around the scope area. And for the sticker size, which will be on the tables around the scope area, comes in short and brief words about the recycle center on another CU Wednesday design.

1. ��=�� We came up with this print ad, since when people think of recycling, people do not always think of making money. This idea is contrast to the common knowledge of people, so it gets people interested. Most people think about recycling in terms of reducing trash or helping the environment. While these things are true, it is also true that students can easily make money by recycling. This print ad is used to promote the recycle center to encourage more people to participate in the trash-selling program on Wednesdays at faculty of

education. It creates awareness to community that trash can be changed to be money. It encourages people to recycle by bringing paper, can, bottle, plastic or other recyclable waste to sell at faculty of education every Wednesday. 50 Sa-tang for one bottler for example, can turn to be a hundreds Baths. Recycling will definitely reduce the amount of trash you generate each week. Bring you recycle trash to recycle can really save them some money. This is a great opportunities to make money by recycling. 2. 4R A number of waste prevention techniques are available, and they are commonly summarized as the so-called 4Rs: reduce, reuse, recycle and reject. We focus on this four in resolving waste management problems. Waste disposal is one of many major issues for the university and our community. This print ad will encourages students to minimize waste by rejecting and reducing waste, and re-using and recycling, as a result we will be able to cut waste by up to 50 percent. Rejecting waste by looking for ways of producing and using goods that stop waste being generated. The most effective way is to reduce your waste before it becomes rubbish. The student should choose products that can be used productively, recycled in your area, and have minimal packaging. Reuse containers, packaging or waste products and recycle waste material into useable products. Recycled goods have already saved resources and raw materials and helped reduce the overall quantity of waste. Many products are identified as recycled or partially recycled on the label or on the product itself. Recycle waste included all glass jars and bottles, aluminums and steel cans, PET plastic soft drink bottles and HDPE plastic milk and detergent bottles. It may also be possible to include paper, light cardboard, newspapers and 'junk' mail, and milk and fruit juice cartons.

We use the green background to give the feeling of green environment with the concept of crossword connected 4R together. It represents that 4R is interconnected and help the environment becomes beautiful. 3. Thank you This print ad will launch in the last phrase in order to thank you for the cooperation and also stimulate the future actions. The print ad portraits the map and show how far we reach in this campaign, however, we still need to keep doing it in order to reach our major goals. 4. CU Wednesday (sticker size)

Advantages: A printed ad is a great way to advertise especially when it is fixed on to a wall which is situated in a popular public place. Also, it is a great thing to use and will certainly promote our campaign. It helps the company to deliver advertising messages directly and precisely to the target audience with high frequency. Also a poster is only needed a few which can be rather cheap compared to things like flyers and brochures that are needed to mainly produce over 100 of them. Disadvantages: Although using a print ad is effective, it must be carefully planned and organized. The company must choose the right place and time to put the print ad. Since now the advertising is much cluttered, it requires creativity to grab the attention from the publicity as well as inspires them to take actions. Cut-out The cut-out comes into 2 approaches; regular cut-out and cut-out with the rubbish bin. Each of the two will be positioned in the 5 different places in the scope area. 1. Regular cut-out The design of the regular cut-out will similar to the design of the print ad but comes it the bigger size. Like print ad, the cut-out comes in 3 design; ขยะ=เงิน, 4R, and CU Wednesday. And it will adjust in accord with the main focus of each phrase. 2. Cut-out with the rubbish bin The company will make cut-outs in accord with the new rubbish bins, since the existing ones are not effective enough to encourage people to separate the trashes into the right rubbish bins. Some of them have overlapped types of waste, so students and staffs who want to separate the rubbish will get confused. The new rubbish bin will be divided into only two main waste in the campus, paper and plastic and cans. It is a transparent plastic without the lid in order to solve the problems of people not separating the trash because they do not want to touch the dirty lid of the rubbish bin moreover the transparent will provide more safety as it allows to see what is inside the bin. Easiness to understand and act and cleanliness are two keywords for the new bin. The cut-out placed right behind the new bins will be made in each period of the campaign. The first cut-out will feature the small tree which will grow into the larger one in the second and the third period. This is to show that by separating the trashes people are improving the environment and the world becomes a better place. This cut-out with the new rubbish bin will separate paper and plastic and cans from the regular waste effectively and will attract people to separate the trashes.

Small tree: Medium tree: Big tree:

Advantages: A cut-out is a mutually trusted intermediary or channel of communication that facilitates the exchange of information. Cut-out is big and easy to notice. It can easily catch the attention from the publicity. Moreover, it is a reusable advertising medium. Therefore, using cutout not only reduces the cost of the campaign but also prevents the campaign to create waste itself. Disadvantages: A cut-out is quite expensive and difficult to produce. It requires time and resources to create. Also the company must carefully choose the right place and time to place the cut-out in order to be the most effective. Television Commercials on U-Network In Television Commercials on U-Network for our campaign, the song and motion picture are added together in a scene that would be multi-colored and appealing to an audience. Lyric as subtitle will be added to the commercial to avoid hearing and muted televisions problem so that the audience can understand the song better, and they will enjoy watching the advertising. Besides, TV advertising is considered as a large communication tool that can reach a large number of audiences. This communication plan will on air on the U-Network. U-Network is the television program which broadcasts news and information through televisions in the universities and the POP bus. POP bus is a daily transportation for Chulalongkorn students and staffs, therefore is an effective medium to reach directly to our target audiences. Our television commercial will use our mascot campaign, Trasha playing as a main character along with the song that music experts composed exclusively for this campaign. Trasha will be a symbol of a bin who wants people to separate their trashes before throwing away into the bin. The mascot will be a significant promoter used to gain attention and remind from students, especially students at CU Demonstration School, and staffs in activities in the campaign plan. The hidden message in this TV advertising is that the bin also has feeling like human. They will be happy if people know what kind of trashes they want such as paper, plastic, or even hazardous waste. All we have to do is separating our trashes into the suitable bin and everything will be better as a result of the effective waste management. Story Board:

Advantages: U-Network is very useful to use as the media channel to communicate with the University students. Additionally, in almost every canteens of Chulalongkorn University, there are televisions that available for the programs from U-Network only all day long from Monday to Saturday. Also U-Network is broadcasted in POP bus that Chulalongkorn students use as a daily transportation. U-Network is free of charge for the university activity broadcasting, thus it is a very good way to reduce the cost of our campaign. The company does not have to go through the complicated process of getting the on air permission for the video that the company made to promote the campaign. Disadvantages: Due to existing regulations, the company cannot control over time and frequency of the ads. Furthermore, there are a lot of distractions that interfere the message of getting to the viewers. This result in the people paying little attention and thus the message is not fully received.

Car tags The car tags will be distributed in the last phrase of the campaign for those who participate in our campaign activity; the students, the staffs and other outside participants. Moreover, we give the car tags as souvenirs to thank them for their cooperation. Besides, this car tags can help us attracting more people to join in our campaign. The car tags will come in 3 patterns; แยกขยะเป็นครับ, แยกขยะเป็นค่ะ, แยกขยะเป็นโว้ย, and แยกขยะเป็นย่ะ. Since using Thai words can get into more people than using English words, we choose simple but strong statements which we assume that it will catch more attention from the people in the scope area. The car tags will be distributed for 300 pieces and they will be able to choose which pattern they want to attach in their cars. Advantages: Car tag is a new creative kind of advertising medium that the company uses to stimulate the actions of people, since now vehicle advertising becomes more and more important to promote the messages. Tags on either parked or driven cars will be seen by a huge amount of people. Using the vehicle can reach the number of people not only inside but also outside the university. Disadvantages: Car tag is quite small and the message must explicitly short but strong which must be well-designed in order to become more effective. Also it is difficult for the audiences to perceive the messages. Club The company will establish the club for separating the trashes in order to look for the volunteers to help managing the events in the scope area as well as being the role model of separating the trashes. Establishing the club can build the future power for Chulalongkorn students to keep on doing our campaign, although our company contract is expired. Club can also encourage participation of publics moreover it can trigger the moral and the positive attitudes for the campaign.

Advantages: The company opens the club for the students to join in order to have the volunteer students. Club can create the long-term relationship among the participants and also create the foundation of recycle habits for each member. Furthermore, unlike mass media, club activities will generate active participation among participants. Word-of-mouth from friends will have more power than what advertising says. Disadvantages: Since being member of the club must dedicate time and interest, it is hard to find the people who are willing to sacrifice. Thus, it requires good strategic planning to achieve the short term and long term goals of the club. Song The song is a good choice to gain people’s attention since a rhythm and song’s lyric are catchy and easy to retain in one’s mind. A message can be perfectly sent to a large number of people through the music, and people will accept the message more easily than giving information in an ordinary simple way. Thus, the song will be used frequently through the campaign such as in TVC, radio spot and events. Tone and manner of this song is creative and fun with the lyric that can encourages people to separate trash and to realize the importance of waste separation. Nowadays, human are more likely to produce lots of waste than in the past as a result of high technology and cultural change. For example, as in the old days, people never used plastic bag or foam material that can cause a severe pollution problem. And now plastic, glass and foam packaging have become one of the most serious problems for environment since they are not degradable and produce lots of chemical contamination that will pass on to living things, including human who invented. The song identifies the problem directly and shows an easy solution for everyone. The solution is that we, as the world citizen, should care more about our world and also the environment situation that could be worse if we do not help. First of all, people should realize that the trashes are not destroyed naturally. On the other hand, it can be really harmful to the environment if we keep throwing it away without thinking. Some wastes are reusable if they are separated correctly. Therefore, the waste separation can definitely be considered as the most important step in managing waste. The main idea of the song is to promote waste separation and to urge people to think about separating waste that everyone can do so easily. After people are given information about how to separate the waste, this song would be a reminder to the people that they will remember. The music is easy to remember and recall even though they do not consciously receive it. The song can be an effective tool to persuade and motivate people’s behavior since the song is already in people’s mind. Comparing with simple written message, the music is much more interesting and attractive as it nonverbally communicates with people. Moreover, the song can be opened several times without getting bored.

Title: �� Let’s separate our trashes

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Advantages: Since singing is fun and entertaining, song is an easy way to make people recognize. Song can retain in people’s memory and easier to recall. It can simply catch audience attentions and interests and at the same time can pass the message through the lyrics of the song that people can subconsciously perceive. Disadvantages: It needs repetitions and takes time for the people to familiar. However, singing and remembering the lyrics of the song might not lead into actions. Also, it is difficult to compose the song that can win the audience’s mind. Events 1. Handmade Events The event is called ‘the handicraft project’. The aim of this event is to sell handmade products from recycled materials, which are provided by environmental club of

Chulalongkorn University, involving all staff member and students. The example of recycled product includes lamps, stationery, accessories and etc. The reason of running the handicraft project is to convince students to bring recycled materials and remake it as useful products as possible. This event will go around to each area of university one week per one area. Moreover, this specific event will have a special booth [apart from selling booth] such as information on recycle, games, competitions as well as education in order to give knowledge on recycle within Chulalongkorn University. Also the event will encourage students and staff to collaborate and communicate within the university. In order to sell products in this event, people must register to be a member of the CU Recycle Club. All members will not be charged for the booth; however they will have to pay 50 baht for the membership fee. The advantage of arranging this event is, firstly solid waste such as bottles, glasses, cardboards and paper will be reduced around university, and therefore the surrounded environment around Chulalongkorn would be more attractive. Secondly, while students enjoy selling recycled products, they would build up a good cooperate among CU students. Lastly, people who join at the event will earn more knowledge about recycle as well as receiving a good quality recycled product with low price. 2. Recycle competition (Furniture) “Why waste” Recycle competition with a solid waste was an innovative competition aimed to promote recycling and waste reduction to every student and staff in the Chulalongkorn University. The competition will be promoted by putting up posters around the university and through the u-network.

Objectives: The aim of the competition is to promote the re-use of waste timber, plastic that is currently going to landfill. The competition focuses particularly on post-industrial timber and plastic packaging waste

We hope that this event with a solid Competition helps make student aware of the potential that this waste material has for being re-used and recycled. Our group would like to change students’ attitudes towards solid waste so that students begin to consider this waste more as a resource that can be reused, rather than as refuse to be discarded. The competition provides the incentive for students from the timbers and plastic available from these engine pallets and plastic packaging waste.

Reasons: For many years, items of packaging such as these pallets and plastic have ended up in landfill sites. Over 500,000 tons of timber and plastic waste are disposed of each year. However, much of this timber and plastic has the potential to be recycled into new and value added products.

Rule of competition: Each group will be given ONE crate which was used to design and create an object of their choosing and a pack of used plastic.

Students who want to participate will require to sign up their names in a group 3-5 at the environment club (which is established).

Categories/sections Judges awarded by these three categories: o Best of Show o Most Innovative use of plastic and solid waste o Best use of an entire plastic and solid waste

Exhibition and Award Presentations: o Contestants had 10 days to collect and dry a pallet and then design,

manufacture and finish an object. o All creation will be displayed at the exhibition hall of Chamchuri Square

where viewers will vote for the winner. The exhibition will be held for four week days.

o The announcement of the winner will be held in the last day of the “why waste” activity week, the winner will be rewarded a 20,000 cash and all of the furniture would be donated to insufficient people in rural areas later on.

3. Architecture Competition Every student is encouraged to participate in this competition. The competition will be promoted by putting up posters around the university and through the u-network. Students who want to participate will require to sign up their names in a group 3-5 at the environment club (which is established). This competition requires the participants to design and create architecture. The architecture must be made from recycle materials provided by the environment club of Chulalongkorn University. All creation will be displayed at the exhibition hall of Chamchuri Square (Same place as display the furniture) where viewers will vote for the winner who will win a 20,000 baht prize. The exhibition will be held for four week days. The winner’s artwork will continue to be displayed at Chamchuri Square for two weeks. The rest of the works will be sold to the public in an auction event held at Chamchuri Square. 4. Recycle paper box Hard-cardboard box will be placed in different faculty within Chulalongkorn University, two boxes for each faculty. The box will be outstanding and are placed in an eye-catching spot of each faculty so all students and staffs can see, e.g. the cafeteria, and at the elevator. The two boxes for each faculty include a box for papers that are used for only just one side whereas the other box is for any kind of used paper. The members from the environment club will come and collect these recycle paper once a week. Papers that are used for one side will be given to photocopy stores within the university. To encourage students and staff to collaborate, free photocopies on used paper will be provided at photocopy stores.

A box with all kinds of used papers will be processed in a recycle process of the university later on. 5. Mascot “Trasha” campaign ‘Trasha’ is a name of this campaign’s mascot. On the week days we will have a person dressed up to be Trasha and go around to each faculty during lunchtime of after school time to promote recycle. This will raises people’s awareness and effectively get their attention. The song for this campaign will also be played while Trasha visits each place. Advantages: People will earn more knowledge about recycle and events also build good cooperate among CU students. Moreover, it helps catch people’s interest and motivate people to care more about recycle. It can also reduce solid waste around Chulalongkorn University. Lastly, the furniture from the Recycle Competition will be useful for the rural area. Project Ambassador: Chulalongkorn Cheerleader

A brand ambassador is a well-connected person or a celebrity who is used to promote and advertise a product or service. We choose Chulalongkorn cheerleader for many reasons. A project can achieve some clear-cut goals by using a brand ambassador. It works out in building loyalty, as the students may have interest on cheerleader. So

when he or she would see that cheerleader on an advertisement, then that person could get motivated to do that activities or service, as a respected person is involved. It is a good way to launch the campaign in university with the people from the university. Chulalongkorn Cheerleaders have a lot of influence over the students in our university. They engaged many events every year not only to support about their performance but also represent the Chulalongkorn student as a whole and volunteer for many event. Each year, 11-13 high potential students will be qualified as Chulalongkorn Cheerleader. We can see that this year they have the theme of the cheer about “love the earth” and publish a magazine called “Baka” to show their concerned about global warming. Each of cheerleader are having fashion photo with each issue such as using cloth bag instead of plastic bag, planting tree, using bicycle, etc. The magazine has been distributed to many students’ hand all over Chula and Siam Square along with their 7 days events around the campus in 12 faculties and Siam Paragon. They have the experiences to be a presenter. They have been visited many TV programs, magazines, newspaper, events and radio networks to advertise the traditional football. They Also they volunteer of many events such as encourage and inform people to come out for the Bangkok governor election in January. In conclusion, Chulalongkorn Cheerleader can be our perfect Brand Ambassadors as we trust in their ability to answer questions, engage the audience, and increase project awareness. Advantages: Chulalongkorn Cheerleaders do university activities for free. They are the presenter for Traditional football which is held every January and broadcasting live on the free TV channel. These cheerleaders are being respected by many communities in the society for their potential, talent and team work which they had learned during the practice. This group of presenters is presenting that the young people has a power to make our world to be green again. Disadvantages: Chulalongkorn cheerleader may not as well known and have persuasive power as celebrities, however they need no payment. Plus, those cheerleaders don’t available all year for the project and they have already a hard practice to do. There will be a new team every year. Still, we can use them during their cheer season which is November to January and during new cheerleader trial which are August and September. CU Radio Channel The radio spot of our campaign will on air on the CU radio channel in the second phrase of our campaign. Duration: 30 seconds Voice: male voice Music: “Yake-ka-ya” (Four-mod) edited version

Frequency: every 30 minutes from 8 am to 10 pm. Radio Broadcasting Station: 101.5 MH.Z Target audience: Students of Chulalongkorn University Purpose of Broadcasting: to inform and persuade students to join the shopping festival of “Why waste” and encourage students to recycle in their daily life Script When was the last time you bought something for others? When was the last time you contributed to your community? And when was the last time you did something to save our world? ……… If you can’t remember one Now, it’s your chance to make a better change for others, community and our world. On 5th to 12th of May 2009, “Why waste” invites you to join our shopping festival of recycling furniture and many decorations at Faculty of Communication arts, Faculty of Education and Faculty of law. Advantages: The very first advantage of the radio spot is that it is easy and fast to produce: rates are very affordable and is suitable for a low budget IMC campaign. It’s also easy to target your audience by connecting at the frequency station. Moreover, most people listen to the radio while driving; therefore, it gets more opportunity to generate the publicity awareness. Disadvantages: However, the potential audience that can be reached by radio is limited only by the strength of the signal for example FM the frequency can not receive countrywide, only for restricted area. As a sound-broadcasting device audiences can not create an image or hardly create it. It’s easy to be distracted by noise. The feedback is hard to tract. It’s impossible to know exactly how many people are tuning in at any given time. Moreover, by its nature, the lack of visuals keeps radio from "sticking" with people. Website Nowadays, Internet is the biggest and the best information source for the people. You can find everything you want while surfing the web. It is easy to make your own website and use it to spread a message you think is important. The company will have the website www.whywaste.com. The website contains of five categories about waste pollution which are:

1. Programs and Services - The website is organized to helping us adapt to our environment; reducing the impact of waste pollution; conserving biological diversity; and, supporting sustainable development.

2. Learning - Find the definitions and resources to help you bring the environment into your classroom or into the activities of your scout, naturalist or youth group.

3. Events - A number of events have been arranged to increase knowledge and understanding of environmental subjects and encourage positive action on the environment.

4. The effects - How do I affect waste pollution? How does waste pollution affect me? How does waste pollution affect the environment?

5. What You Can Do - You can make a difference! There are many simple actions that you or your organization can do at home, at work, at school, on the road to reduce waste pollution.

Advantages: The information is available to be accessed by anyone, anywhere, anytime. The information within a site can be quickly accessed. There is no need to sift through several pages. The website may provide links to other sites on the same topic and it can be updated to always provide the latest information. You can look at more than one page or source at the one time by having numerous windows. Information is easy to gather and print selectively. Moreover, the website creator/author doesn’t need to be present when someone is retrieving information.

Disadvantages: It may be difficult for researchers to locate, especially if there are many similar sites. Because it is not “published” or authorized by a reputable source, the site may be disregarded as inaccurate. The information on the site may not be reliable. Information may be interpreted incorrectly or used inappropriately. A connection to the web is needed to access the information, which will be impossible if a computer and connection is not available. It may be difficult to reach your target audience.

Stand Sign We design a stand to mimic the traffic sign; the same size and color. Since the stand sign says “แยกหน้า แยกขยะ”, our 10 stand signs will be placed near the rubbish bin in the canteens and all around the scope area. This stand sign will be advertised the campaign all year round in order to trigger the immediate actions of people in the area. Advantages: The stand sign will completely catch the attention of the people who pass by, since its big size and yellow color is similar to the real traffic sign. Also, as the short and clear

words “แยกหน้าแยกขยะ”, it can encourage people to separate the trashes instantaneously just before they litter them. Disadvantages: The stand sign costs highly, since it requires metal which is an expensive material and it has to come in the real size and color of the traffic sign. Also, it has to make from the quality materials, since it will have to stand throughout the year of the campaign. Booth Booth is the great communication tool, since it can provide lots of information for people who are interested in our campaign. We will arrange our booth in the important exhibitions of Chulalongkorn University such as CU 1st Date which there will be lots of the target of our campaign; the current students and the new-coming students. There will be lots of activities in the booth. Our volunteers will provide lots of useful information, games, snacks, and souvenirs for the people who participate in the boot. The participants will be educated about how to separate the trashes, causes and effects of the environmental problems, Chulalongkorn recycle center, CU Wednesday and other important issues. Our volunteers will be available to discuss in every environmental issues in Chulalongkorn community all day long from 8.00 am. – 17.00 pm. on the CU 1st Date. Advantages: Booth can provide lots of information for people who are interested in our campaign. It can attract the maximum number of the target audience to meet our goals moreover maximize our participant interactions. Disadvantages: Booth requires lots of time, money, and energy. The company also has to depend on the volunteers to manage and cope with the problems themselves. Booth has to be very well-organized in order to be cost-effective and practical.

Regal/Institutional Study Thailand

BHUMIBOL ADULYADEJ, REX.

Given on the 29th Day of March B.E. 2535 (1992), Being the 47th Year of the Present Reign

His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej is graciously pleased to proclaim that: Whereas it is deemed expedient to reform and improve the law on enhancement and conservation of national environmental quality. Be it, therefore, enacted by the King, by and with the advice and consent of the National Legislative Assembly, acting as the National Assembly, as follows: Section 1 This Act shall be called "The Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act, B.E. 2535" Section 2 This Act shall come into effect after the elapse of a period of sixty days from the date following its publication in the Government Gazette. Section 3 The following Acts shall be repealed: (1) The Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act, B.E. 2518; (2) The Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act (No. 2), B.E. 2521; (3) The Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act (No. 3), B.E. 2522. Section 4 In this Act, "Environment" means natural things, which form the physical and biological conditions surrounding man and man-made things. "Environment Quality" means the balance of nature, being composed of animals, plants, natural resources and man-made objects which is for the benefit of subsistence of mankind and the sustenance of human-being and nature. "Environment Quality Standards" means the parameters of quality standards for water, air, noise and other conditions of the environment, which are determined as the general criteria for enhancement and conservation of environmental quality. "Fund" means the Environmental Fund. "Pollutant" means wastes, hazardous substances and other polluting substances as well as residues, sediments or the remainder of such matters, which are discharged from point sources of pollution or naturally occur in the environment, that have or are likely to have impacts on environmental quality or to cause conditions poisonous or harmful to the health and hygiene of the public, and shall mean to include radiation, heat, light, noise, odor, vibration or other nuisances emanated or discharged from

point sources pollution. "Pollution" means the state of the environment that has been affected, changed or contaminated by pollutants, resulting in deterioration of environmental quality, such as water pollution, air pollution, and soil pollution. "Point Source of Pollution" means any community, factory, building, structure, vehicle, place of business, activity, or any other thing from which pollution is generated. "Waste" means refuse, garbage, filth, dirt, wastewater, polluted air, polluting substances or any other hazardous substances which are discharged or originate from point sources of pollution, including residues, sediments, or the remainders of such matters, either in the state of solid, liquid or gas. "Wastewater" means waste in a liquid state, including polluting or contaminating substances contained in such liquid. "Polluted Air" means waste in a gaseous state in the form of vapor, steam, exhaust, fume, odor, smoke, gas, dust, soot, ash or other polluting substances in the form of particulate matters that can be suspended in the atmospheric air. "Hazardous Substance" means explosive substances, inflammable substances, oxidizing and peroxiding substances, toxic substances, pathogenic substances, radioactive substances, genetic transforming substances, corrosive substances, irritating substances, or other substances, whether chemical or not, which may cause danger to human-being, animal, plant, property, or the environment. "Nuisance" means nuisance according to the law on public health. "Factory" means factories according to the law on industrial plants. "Building" means buildings according to the laws on building control. "Vehicle" means automobiles or motorcycles according to the law on automobiles, vessels according to the law on Thai vessels, and aircraft according to the laws on aviation. "Monitoring Control Operator" means a person licensed to monitor, control, assess, operate and maintain a wastewater treatment or waste disposal facility, or equipment, instruments, tools, appliances for control, treatment or disposal of any other pollution, which the owner or possessor of a point source of pollution manages to constructs and brings into operation by his own investment and expense for the treatment of wastewater or disposal of wastes or any other pollutants. "Service Contractor" means the person licensed to render for hire the services of wastewater treatment or waste disposal or monitoring of environmental quality. "Conservation Area" means the areas designated as national parks, wildlife reserves, tourism preserve and other protected areas pursuant to the governing laws related thereto. "Local Official" means: (1) President of the Municipal Council within a municipality; (2) President of the Sanitary District Board within a sanitary district; (3) Provincial (Changwat) Governor within a local administration organization; (4) Governor of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration within Bangkok Metropolis; (5) Permanent Secretary of Pattaya City Administration within the City of Pattaya; (6) Head of a local administration in the administration of the local administration organization other than (1) to (5) above, established under the specific law governing thereof, within such local administration organization. "Pollution Control Official" means the person appointed by the Minister to perform functions concerning pollution control under this Act. "Competent Official" means the person appointed by the Minister to have the power and duty to take action under this Act.

"Minister" means the Minister of Science, Technology and Environment. Section 5 In case any provision under this Act refer to Province (Changwat) or mandates the power and duty of the Provincial Governor, such reference or mandate shall denote the inclusion of Bangkok Metropolitan Administration or the powers and duties of the Governors of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, as may be the case. Section 6 For the purpose of public participation in the enhancement and conservation of national environmental quality, the following rights and duties may be accorded to individual persons as provided by this Act or governing laws related thereto: (1) To be informed and obtain information and data from the government service in matters concerning the enhancement and conservation of environmental quality, except information or data that are officially classified as secret intelligence pertaining to national security, or secrets pertaining to the right to privacy, property rights, or the rights in trade or business of any person which are duly protected by law; (2) To be remedied or compensated by the State in case damage or injury is sustained as a consequence of dangers arising from contamination by pollutants or spread of pollution, and such incident is caused by any activity or project initiated, supported, or undertaken by a government agency or state enterprise; (3) To petition or lodge a complaint against the offender in case of being a witness to any act committed in violation or infringement of the laws relating to pollution control or conservation of natural resources; (4) To co-operate and assist government officials in the performance of duties relating to the enhancement and conservation of environmental quality; (5) To strictly observe the provisions of this Act or other laws concerning the enhancement and conservation of environmental quality. Section 7 In order to encourage public participation in the promotion and conservation of environmental quality, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) having the status of a juristic person under Thai or foreign law which are directly engaged in activities concerning environmental protection or conservation of natural resources without any objective to be involved in politics or to make profits from engagement in such activities, shall be entitled to register with the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment as an NGOs for environmental protection and conservation of natural resource in accordance with the rules, procedures, and conditions prescribed by ministerial regulations. Section 8 The NGOs that have been registered pursuant to Section 7 may request government assistance or support in the following matters: (1) The organization of volunteers to assist in the performance of duties of government officials under this Act or other laws concerning the enhancement and conservation of environmental quality; (2) Public relations campaigns and dissemination of information or data to promote public awareness and proper understanding and knowledge of environmental protection and conservation of nature and natural resources; (3) Providing assistance to people in certain areas of the country to initiate projects or activities for environmental protection and conservation of natural resources in such

areas; (4) Conducting study and research with respect to environmental protection and conservation of natural resources and bringing to the attention of the Government or agencies concerned on what are the viewpoints and suggestions that are based upon the outcome of such study and research; (5) Providing legal aid to people who are in jeopardy or afflicted by pollution damage caused by leakage of pollutants or contamination, as well as acting as the representative of such pollution victims to bring lawsuits and litigate claims in court for compensation or damages to which they are entitled as legal remedies. In case any registered NGO, in the carrying out of activities indicated in the first paragraph, encounters problems or difficulties and requests help from the National Environment Board, the Prime Minister shall, with the recommendation of the National Environment Board, have the power to direct appropriate recourse or order the government agency or state enterprise concerned to render assistance or facilitation as seen fit under the circumstances. The Fund Committee, with the approval of the National Environment Board, may consider allocation of grants or loans in support of any activity of the registered NGOs as deemed appropriate. The registered NGOs may propose for nomination of candidates as representatives of the private sector to be appointed by the cabinet as qualified members of the National Environment Board. In case any registered NGO’s activities are undertaken by causing disturbances or contrary to public order or unsuitable, the Minister shall have the power to revoke the registration of the NGO involving in such activities. Section 9 In case there is an emergency or public danger arising from a natural disaster or pollution caused by contamination and spread of pollutants which will, if left without any remedial actions, seriously endanger the safety of life, body or health of the people, or aggravated (sic) cause damage to the properties of the people or the State, the Prime Minister shall have the power to order, as deemed appropriate, government agencies, states enterprises or any persons, including persons who are or may be the victims of such danger or damage, to take prompt action, individually or jointly, in order to be able to control, extinguish, or mitigate the adverse effects of such danger or damage. In case any polluters are known and can be identified, the Prime Minister shall be empowered to enjoin such persons from any acts, which may aggravate the adverse effects of pollution during the occurrence of such endangering incident. The Prime Minister may delegate the power to give orders pursuant to the first paragraph to the Provincial Governor to exercise such power and act on his behalf within the territorial jurisdiction of that Province. The said delegation of power shall be made by a written order and published in the Government Gazette. When any order is given by the Prime Minister by virtue of the first paragraph, or by the Provincial Governor acting on behalf of the Prime Minister by virtue of the second paragraph, such order shall be published in the Government Gazette without delay. Section 10 In order to prevent, remedy, extinguish or mitigate the emergency or danger of pollution envisaged by Section 9, the Minister shall determine preventive measures and prepare a contingency plan to rectify the situation in advance. Section 11 The Prime Minister and the Minister of Science, Technology and Environment shall

have charge and control of the execution of this Act, insofar as it is concerned with their respective powers and duties conferred upon them under this Act. The Minister of Science, Technology and Environment shall have the power to appoint pollution control officials and other competent officials, issue ministerial regulations prescribing fees not exceeding the rates attached hereto and prescribing other activities for the execution of this Act. The Ministerial Regulations shall come into force upon their publication in the Government Gazette.

CHAPTER 1 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT BOARD

Section 12 There shall be a National Environment Board consisting of the Prime Minister as the Chairman, a Deputy Prime Minister designated by the Prime Minister as the first Vice Chairman, the Minister of Science, Technology and Environment as the second Vice Chairman, the Minister of Defense, the Minister of Finance, the Minister of Agriculture and Co-operatives, the Minister of Transportation and Communications, the Minister of Interior, the Minister of Education, the Minister of Public Health, the Minister of Industry, the Secretary-General of the National Economic and Social Development Board, the Secretary-General of the Board of Investment, the Director of the Bureau of the Budget as members ex officio, and members qualified in environmental matters not more than eight persons of which no less than half shall be representatives from the private sector, and the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment as member and secretary. The appointment of qualified members shall be made by drawing from persons who are knowledgeable and known for their expertise, contributions, and experience in matters concerning the enhancement and conservation of environmental quality. Section 13 The National Environment Board shall have the following powers and duties as follows: (1) To submit a policy and plan for enhancement and conservation of national environmental quality to the cabinet for approval; (2) To prescribe environmental quality standards pursuant to Section 32; (3) To consider and give approval to the Environmental Quality Management Plan proposed by the Minister according to Section 35; (4) To consider and give approval to the Provincial Action Plan for environmental quality management according to Section 37; (5) To make recommendations to the Cabinet with respect to financial, fiscal, taxation, and investment promotion measures for the implementation of the policy and plan for enhancement and conservation of national environmental quality; (6) To propose for amendment or improvement of laws relating to the enhancement and conservation of environmental quality to the Cabinet; (7) To consider and give approval to the action plan for prevention and remedy of danger caused by contamination of pollutants or spread of pollution proposed by the Pollution Control Committee pursuant to Section 53 (1); (8) To consider and give approval to the setting of emission or effluent standards proposed by the Minister pursuant to Section 55; (9) To supervise, oversee and expedite the enactment of royal decrees and issuance of ministerial regulations, rules, local ordinances, notifications, bye-laws and orders which are necessary to ensure systematic operation of the laws relating to

enhancement and conservation of environmental quality to the fullest extent possible; (10) To submit opinions to the Prime Minister for his directions in cases it appears that any government agency or state enterprise infringes or refrains from complying with laws and regulations for environmental protection such that it may cause extensive damage to the environment; (11) To specify measures for the strengthening and fostering co-operation and co-ordination among government, agencies, state enterprises, and the private sector in matters concerning the promotion and conservation of environmental quality; (12) To supervise the Fund management and administration; (13) To submit reports on national environmental quality situation to the Cabinet at least once a year; (14) To perform other functions as may be provided by this Act or other laws to be within the authority of the National Environment Board. Section 14 A qualified member appointed by the Cabinet shall hold office for a term of three years and may be re-appointed for a period of not more than one consecutive term. In case an additional appointment of a qualified member is made during the term of those members who have already been appointed to hold office, the term of the additional membership shall be equal to the remainder of the term of those members who have already been appointed before. Section 15 In addition to the expiration of a term of office under Section 14, a qualified member appointed by the Cabinet shall vacate office upon: (1) Death; (2) Resignation; (3) Being a bankrupt; (4) Being an incompetent or quasi- incompetent person; (5) Being punished by a final judgement to a term of imprisonment except for an offence committed through negligence or for a petty offence; (6) Being dismissed by the Cabinet for incompetence, misconduct, or having vested interests in any activity or business that may have a direct impact on or adversely affect environmental quality. When a qualified member vacates office before the expiration of his term of office, the Cabinet may appoint another person to fill the vacancy and such person shall hold office only for remaining term of his predecessor. Section 16 In convening the National Environment Board meeting, if the Chairman is absent or unable to perform the function, the first Vice Chairman shall act as the Chairman. If both the Chairman and the first Vice Chairman are absent or unable to perform the function, the second Vice Chairman shall act as the Chairman. If the Chairman and both the two Vice Chairman are all absent or unable to perform the function, the members who attend the meeting shall elect one of the attending members to act as the Chairman of the meeting. Section 17 A meeting of the National Environment Board requires the presence of not less than one-half of the total number of its members to constitute a quorum. The decision of a meeting shall be made by a majority of votes. In casting votes, each member shall have one vote. In case of an equality of votes, the Chairman of the

meeting shall have an additional vote as a casting vote. Section 18 The National Environment Board may appoint an expert committee or subcommittee to consider or carry out any matter as may be entrusted by the National Environment Board. Sections 16 and 17 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the meeting of the expert committee or subcommittee. Section 19 The National Environment Board shall have the power to require government agencies, state enterprises and other persons to deliver documents relating to the examination of impacts on environmental quality and documents or data concerning the projects or work-plans of such government agencies, state enterprises, and persons for its consideration. For this purpose, the Board may summon persons concerned to give explanation. If the Board is of the opinion that any project or work-plan may seriously affect environmental quality, it shall recommend remedial measures to the Cabinet. In case the documents or data required to be delivered to the National Environment Board pursuant to the first paragraph are relevant to trade secrets in the nature of a patent and protected by the law on patent rights, the National Environment Board shall specify suitable measures and methods for preventing such documents or data being disclosed to anyone to ensure that they shall only be used strictly for the purpose of this Section. Section 20 In the performance of its function, the National Environment Board, the expert committee or the subcommittee may invite any person to present facts, explanation, opinion or technical advice as it deems fit and may request co-operation from any person with a view to ascertaining any fact or surveying any activity which may have an adverse effect on environmental quality. Section 21 In the performance of its duties under this Act, the National Environment Board may entrust the Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, the Pollution Control Department or the Environment Quality Promotion Department under the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment with the operation or preparation of preposition to be made to the National Environmental Board for further actions.

CHAPTER 2 ENVIRONMENTAL FUND

Section 22 There shall be established a fund called the "Environmental Fund" in the Ministry of Finance with the following moneys and properties: (1) Money from the Fuel Oil Fund in the amount determined by the Prime Minister; (2) Money transferred from the Revolving Fund for Environmental Development and Quality of Life established by the Annual, Budget for the Fiscal Year of B.E. 2535 Act, B.E. 2535; (3) Service fees and penalties collected pursuant by virtue of this Act; (4) Grants from the Government from time to time; (5) Moneys or properties donated by donors in the private sector both domestic and

foreign, by foreign governments, or by international organizations; (6) Interest and benefits accrued from this Fund; (7) Other moneys received for the operation of this Fund. The Comptroller-General's Department, Ministry of Finance, shall keep the moneys and properties of the Environmental Fund and make disbursements from the fund in accordance with this Act. Section 23 Fund disbursements shall be made for the following activities and purposes: (1) As grants to a government agency or local administration for investment in and operation of a central wastewater treatment plant or central waste disposal facility, including the acquisition and procurement of land, materials, equipment, instruments, tools, and appliances necessary for the operation and maintenance of such facility; (2) As loans to a local administration or state enterprise for making available air pollution control systems, wastewater treatment, or waste disposal facilities to be used specifically in the activities of such local administration or state enterprise; (3) As loans to a private person in case such person has the legal duty to make available and install an on-site facility of his own for the treatment of polluted air, wastewater, or waste disposal, or any other equipment for the control, treatment, or eliminate pollutants generated by his activities or business undertaking, or such person is licensed to undertake business as a Service Contractor to render services of wastewater treatment or waste disposal under this Act; (4) As aids or grants to support any activity concerning the promotion and conservation of environmental quality as the Fund Committee sees fit and with the approval of the National Environment Board; (5) As expenditures for administering the Fund. Section 24 There shall be a Fund Committee consisting of the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment as the Chairman, the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operative, the Secretary-General of the National Economic and Social Development Board, the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, the Director-General of the Department of Local Administration, the Comptroller-General of the Comptroller-General's Department, the Director-General of the Department of Public Works, , the Director-General of the Department of Industrial Works, the Director-General of the Department of Mineral Resources, the Director-General of the Pollution Control Department, the Director-General of the Environmental Quality Promotion Department and not more than five qualified persons appointed by the National Environment Board as members, and the Secretary-General of the Office of Environmental Policy and Planning as a member and secretary. Sections 14 and 15 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the holding of office by the qualified members of the Fund Committee. Section 25 The Fund Committee shall have the following powers and duties as follows: (1) To consider Fund allocations for use in the activities prescribed by Section 23; (2) To prescribe rules, conditions, procedures, and methods concerning application for allocations or loans from the Fund; (3) To lay down administrative rules and procedures concerning the power, duties, and working methods of the Fund managers according to Sections 29 and 30, as well as mechanisms for co-ordination among the Fund Committee, the Comptroller-

General's Department and the Fund managers according to Sections 29 and 30; (4) To lay down rules and procedures for the receipt and disbursement of moneys from the Fund; (5) To fix duration limits for repayment of loans from the Fund according to Section 23 (2) or (3) as well as interest rates and securities as necessary and appropriate; (6) To determine the ratio and criteria for deduction of service fees and penalties that are required by Section 93 to be remitted to the Fund; (7) To perform any other functions provided under this Act. The prescription of rules according to sub-Section (2), (3) or (4) and guidelines under sub-Section (1) or (5) shall be approved by the National Environment Board. The Fund Committee may appoint a subcommittee to consider or carry out any matter as may be entrusted by the Fund Committee. Section 26 Section 16, Section 17, and Section 20 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the performance of functions of the Fund Committee and the subcommittee appointed by the Fund Committee. Section 27 In consideration to facilitate allocation of money from the Fund for the purpose of Section 23 (1), the Fund Committee shall give first priority to the requests made for allocation under the Provincial (Changwat) Action Plan for environmental quality management according to Section 39 to construct or operate the wastewater treatment plant or waste disposal facility, for which certain amount of government budget has been earmarked or revenues of the local administration have been allocated as additional contributions to the Fund allocation. The proportion between the government budget or contributions from the local revenues and the Fund allocation to be determined by the Fund Committee according to the first paragraph shall be determined in accordance with the rules laid down by the National Environment Board. Section 28 Fund allocations as loans to the local administration, state enterprises, or private persons pursuant to Section 23 (2) or (3) shall be determined by the Fund Committee in accordance with the rules and conditions stipulated by the National Environment Board. In order to encourage compliance with this Act, the Fund Committee may, with the approval of the National Environment Board, allocate from the Fund as an exceptional long-term loan to any local administration, state enterprises, or private person and may determine to reduce the interest rates or make exemption to the payment of such interest as deemed appropriate. Section 29 The Comptroller-General of the Comptroller-General's Department, Ministry of Finance, shall be the Fund manager in relation to such portion of the Fund to be allocated as grants to the government agency or the local administrations for investment in and operation of central facilities for wastewater treatment or waste disposal according to Section 23 (1) and those portions of the Fund to be allocated for purposes other than those provided by Section 23 (2) and (3). Section 30 The Fund Committee may authorize an appropriate financial institution owned by the

State or the Industrial Financing Corporation of Thailand to be the Fund manager in relation to such portion of the Fund that will be allocated as loans to local administrations, state enterprises, or private persons pursuant to Section 23 (2) or (3). In carrying out the management of Fund according to the First paragraph, the Fund manager has the duty to study and analyze the investment and technical feasibility of the project and shall be empowered to enter the loan agreement on behalf of the Fund Committee in the capacity as the lender, to keep and disburse moneys to the borrowers from this portions of the Fund in accordance with the terms and conditions of the loan agreement, to pursue, demand and receive repayments and interest from the borrowers in order to pay back to the Fund, and shall be empowered to lay down rules and procedures, with the approval of the Fund Committee, for such matters. Under the loan agreement to be entered into according to the Second paragraph, there must be a condition stipulated as an essential element of the agreement that the borrower shall have the duty to make use of the loan specifically for the purpose of meeting the requirements with which the borrower has the legal duty to comply under this Act or other related laws. Section 31 The moneys received into the Fund and kept by the Comptroller-General's Department, Ministry of Finance, shall be managed by deposit in saving or fixed accounts with State-owned financial institutions in order to earn accrued interest. All moneys earned by the Fund according to Section 22 shall be paid into its account for the purpose of uses in the activities indicated in Section 23 and shall not be remitted to the Treasury as revenues of the Government.

CHAPTER 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

PART 1

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS Section 32 For the purpose of environmental quality enhancement and conservation, the National Environment Board shall have the power to prescribe by notifications published in the Government Gazettes the following environmental quality standards: (1) Water quality standards for river, canal, swamp, marsh, lake, reservoir, and other public inland water sources according to their use classifications in each river basin or water catchment; (2) Water quality standards for coastal and estuarine water areas; (3) Groundwater quality standards; (4) Atmospheric ambient air standards; (5) Ambient standards for noise and vibration; (6) Environmental quality standards for other matters. The prescription of environmental quality standards pursuant to the foregoing paragraph shall be based upon scientific knowledge, principle, criteria and evidence related thereto and shall also take into account the practicability of such standards, from the viewpoint of economic, social, and technological considerations. Section 33 The National Environment Board shall, if deem reasonable, have the power to prescribe special standards which are higher than the environmental quality standards prescribed pursuant to Section 32, to protect areas designated as conservation or

environmentally protected areas according to Section 43, areas designated according to Section 45, or pollution control areas designated pursuant to Section 59. Section 34 The National Environment Board shall have the power to make appropriate modifications and improvements to the prescribed environmental quality standards in light of scientific and technological progresses and changes in economic and social conditions of the country.

PART 2 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANNING

Section 35 The Minister shall, with the approval of the National Environment Board, formulate an action plan called "Environmental Quality Management Plan" for implement the national policy and plan for enhancement and conservation of environmental quality determined by virtue of Section 13 (1). The Environmental Quality Management Plan pursuant to the first paragraph shall be published in the Government Gazette. It shall be the duty of all government agencies concerned to take actions within their powers and functions that are necessary for effective implementation of the Environmental Quality Management Plan and in order to ensure that actions are taken to achieve the objectives and goals as prescribed, it shall be the duty of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment to give advice to government agencies and state enterprises which are concerned with the formulation of work-plans or the taking of any actions to implementing the Environmental Quality Management Plan. Section 36 The Environmental Quality Management Plan developed pursuant to Section 35 may be a short, intermediate or long-term plan, as appropriate, and should contain work-plans and guidance’s for action on the following matters: (1) Management of air, water, and environmental quality and any other area of concerns; (2) Pollution control from point sources; (3) Conservation of the natural environment, natural resources, or cultural environment pertaining to aesthetic values; (4) Estimation of financing to be appropriated from the government budget and allocated from the Fund which is necessary for implementation of the Plan; (5) Scheme for institutional arrangements and administrative orders by co-operation and co-ordination among government agencies concerned and between the public service and private sectors could be further promoted and strengthened, including the determination of a manpower allocation scheme necessary to implement the plan; (6) Enactment of laws and issuance of regulations, local ordinances, rules, orders, and notifications necessary for implementation of the Plan; (7) Scheme for inspection, monitoring, and assessment of environmental quality by which the results of implementation of the Plan and enforcement of law related thereto can be evaluated objectively. Section 37 After the Environmental Quality Management Plan has been published in the Government Gazette, it shall be the duty of the Governor of a Province (Changwat), in which there is a locality designated as environmentally protected area according to

Section 43, or as a pollution control area according to Section 59, to formulate an action plan for environmental quality management at Provincial level and submit it to the National Environment Board for approval within one hundred and twenty days from the date on which the Governor of that Province is directed by the National Environment Board to prepare the Provincial action plan for environmental quality management. If, however, there is a reasonable ground, the said duration may be extended as appropriate by the National Environmental Board. In preparing a Provincial Action Plan for the pollution control area according to Section 59, the Governor shall incorporate into it the action plan for mitigation and elimination of pollution prepared by a local authority pursuant to Section 60 and the local action plan shall form an integral part of the Provincial Action Plan. In case there is any Provincial, in which no locality is designated as an environmentally protected area according to Section 43, or as pollution control area according to Section 59, that is nevertheless desirous to enhance and conserve the environmental quality within the limits of its territorial jurisdiction, the Governor of that Province may prepare a Provincial Action Plan, within the framework of and in conformity with the requirements of the Environmental Quality Management Plan, and submit it to the National Environmental Board for approval. Section 38 The Provincial Action Plan to be submitted to the National Environment Board shall be an action plan which proposes a system of integrated management of environmental quality in conformity with the guidelines specified in the Environmental Quality Management Plan, taking into account the severity of the problems and economic, social, and environmental conditions of that Province, and should address and contain essential elements in the following matters: (1) Plan for control of pollution from point sources; (2) Plan for procurement and acquisition of land, materials, equipment, tools, and appliances which are essential for the construction, installation, improvement, modification, repair, maintenance, and operation of central wastewater treatment plants or central waste disposal facilities belonging to government agency or local administration concerned; (3) Plan for collection of taxes, duties, and service fees for operation and maintenance of central wastewater treatment plants or central waste disposal facilities referred to in sub-Section (2) above; (4) Plan for inspection, monitoring and control of wastewater and other waste matters which are discharged from point sources of pollution; (5) Law enforcement plan for the prevention and suppression of violations of infringement of laws and regulations pertaining to pollution control, conservation of nature, natural resources, and cultural environment pertaining to aesthetic values. Section 39 The Provincial Action Plan for environmental quality management to be given first priority for the consideration by the National Environment Board must propose an estimate of budgetary appropriation and allocation from the Fund for the construction or procurement for the acquisition of a central wastewater treatment plant or a central waste disposal facility pursuant to Section 38 (2). In case any Province is not ready to take steps for the procurement or acquisition of the a central wastewater treatment plant or central waste disposal facility, it may instead propose a plan to promote private investment in the construction and operation of wastewater treatment or waste disposal facilities in order to make available of such services within its jurisdiction. The Provincial Action Plan to be prepared in accordance with the first paragraph with

a request for budgetary appropriation and allocation from the Fund shall be accompanied by drawings, plans, specifications, the estimated price of project for construction, installation, improvement, modification, repair, maintenance as well as the process and method for operation of the proposed central wastewater treatment plant or central waste disposal facility. For the purpose of approving the Provincial Action Plan with a request for budgetary appropriation in accordance with the first paragraph, the office of Environmental Policy and Planning shall be responsible for the gathering and analysis of the Provincial Action Plans for environmental quality management in order to make a proposal for annual budgets of the Office to be earmarked specifically for this purpose Section 40 In case the management of environmental quality in any matters will have to carried out in an area adjoining the territorial jurisdictions of two or more provinces due to the geographical conditions or the characteristics of the natural ecosystems of that area, or for the purpose of a sound, systematic, and proper management in accordance with the principle of integrated management of environmental quality and natural resources, the Governors of the relevant provinces shall jointly prepare the action plan mandatory required by Section 37. Section 41 In case any Province, which is mandatory require to prepare the action plan area according to Section 37, fails or is incapable to evolve such a plan, or has prepared and submitted the plan as required but failed to get the approval of the National Environment Board for any reason, the National Environment Board shall consider the nature of the problems encountered by that Province and evaluate whether its environmental quality is adversely affected to such an extent that any action is warranted to rectify the situation. If action is deemed necessary, the National Environment Board shall propose to the Prime Minister to issue an order directing the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment to prepare the Provincial Action Plan on behalf of the Province in question.

PART 3 CONSERVATION AND ENVIRONMENTALLY

PROTECTED AREAS Section 42 Protection and management of areas within the limits of national parks and wildlife reserves shall be in accordance with the Environmental Quality Management Plan effective by virtue of Section 35 and governed by the laws related thereto. Section 43 In case it appears that any area is characterized as watershed area, or characterized by unique natural ecosystems which are different from other areas in general, or naturally composed of fragile ecosystems which are sensitive and vulnerable to destruction or impacts of human activities, or worthy of being conserve due to its natural or aesthetic values or amenities, and such area is yet to be designated as a conservation area, the Minister shall, with the advice of the National Environment Board, be empowered to issue ministerial regulation designating such area as an environmentally protected area. Section 44

In issuing the ministerial regulation pursuant to Section 43, any one or more of the following protective measures shall be prescribed thereunder: (1) Land use prescriptions for preserving the natural conditions of such area or for preventing its natural ecosystems or its aesthetic values or amenities from being adversely impacted; (2) Prohibition of any acts or activities that may be harmful or adversely affect or change the pristine state of the ecosystems of such area; (3) Specifying types and sizes of projects or activities undertaken by government agencies, state enterprises or private entities to be constructed or operated in such area, which shall have the legal duty to submit reports of environmental impact assessment; (4) Determination of management approach and method specific to the management of such area, including the scope of functions and responsibilities of relevant government agencies for the purpose of co-operation and co-ordination that are conducive to efficient performance of work towards the preservation of natural conditions or ecosystems or aesthetic values and amenities in such area; (5) Prescriptions of any other protective measures which are deemed proper and suitable to the conditions of such area. Section 45 In any area, despite having been designated as a conservation area, a master town and country plan area, a specific town and country plan area, a building control area, and industrial estate area pursuant to the governing laws related thereto, or designated as a pollution control area pursuant to this Act, but which nevertheless appears to have been adversely affected by environmental problems which assume a critical proportion to such an extent that an immediate action has become imperative and yet no action is taken by government agencies concerned to rectify the situation due to a lack of clear legal authorization or otherwise failure to do so, the Minister shall, with the approval of the National Environment Board, propose for a cabinet authorization to take any one or several protective measures provided by Section 44 as necessary and appropriate, in order to control and solve the problems in such area. When cabinet authorization is obtained as provided in the first paragraph, the Minister shall, by notification published in the Government Gazette, determine the limits of such area and prescribe in detail the protective measures and the duration for which such measures shall be effectively taken therein. With the approval of the National Environment Board and the cabinet, the duration of effectiveness specified according to the second paragraph may be extended by notification published in the Government Gazette.

PART 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Section 46 For the purpose of environmental quality promotion and conservation the Ministers shall, with the approval of the National Environment Board, have the power to specify by notification published in the Government Gazette types and sizes of projects or activities likely to have environmental impact, of any government agency, state enterprise, or private person, which are required to prepare reports on environmental assessment for submission to seek approval in accordance with Section 47, Section 48 and Section 49. In the notification issued according to the first paragraph, procedures, rules, methods, and guidelines shall be laid down for the preparation of environmental impact

assessment reports for each type and size of project or activity, including related documents that are required to be filed together with the report. In case there has been an environmental impact assessment concerning a project or activity of any particular type or size, or site selection for such project activity in any particular area and such assessment can be used as a standard assessment applicable to the project or activity of the same type or size or to the site selection of such project or activity in the area of similar nature, the Minister may, with the approval of the National Environment Board, issue a notification in the Government Gazette exempting such project or activity of the same or similar nature from the requirement of environmental impact assessment, provided that the proponent of such project or activity shall express its consent to comply with various measures prescribed in the environmental impact assessment report which is applicable as the standard for assessment of such project or activity in accordance with the rules and methods specified by the Minister. Section 47 In case the project or activity which is required to prepare the environmental impact assessment area according to Section 46 is the project or activity of a government agency or of a state enterprise, or to be jointly undertaken with private enterprise which is required the approval of the cabinet in accordance with official rules and regulations, the government agency or state enterprise responsible for such project or activity shall having the duty to prepare the environmental impact assessment report at the stage of conducting a feasibility study for such project, such report shall be filed with the National Environment Board for its review and comments and then submitted to the Cabinet for consideration. In considering to give approval to the environmental impact assessment report filed according to the first paragraph, the cabinet may as well request any person or institution, being an expert or specialize in environmental impact assessment, to study and submit report or opinion for its consideration thereof. For project or activity of government agency or state enterprise which is not required to be approved by the Cabinet according to the first paragraph, the government agency or state enterprise responsible for such project or activity shall prepare and file the environmental impact assessment report in order to obtain approval prior to the initiation of such project or activity in accordance with the rules and procedures as provided by Section 48 and Section 49. Section 48 In case the project or activity which is required by Section 46 to prepare an environmental impact assessment report is the project or activity which is required by law to obtain a permission prior to construction or operation, the person applying for permission shall file the environmental impact assessment report with the permitting authority under such law and with the Office of Environmental Policy and Planning simultaneously. The report to be filed as aforesaid may be made in the form of an initial environmental examination (I.E.E.) in accordance with rules and procedures determined by the Minister pursuant to Section 46, second paragraph. The official who is legally authorized to grant permission shall withhold the granting of permission for the project or activity referred to in the first paragraph until having been notified by the Office of Environmental Policy and Planning of the result of consideration pertaining to the review of the environmental impact assessment report in accordance with Section 49. The office of Environmental Policy and Planning shall examine the environmental impact assessment report and related documents filed therewith. If it is found that the

report as filed is not correctly made in accordance with the rules and procedures specified by virtue of Section 46, second paragraph, or the accompanied documents and data are incomplete, the Office of Environmental Policy and Planning shall notify the person applying for permission who files the report within fifteen days from the date of receiving such report. In case the Office of Environmental Policy and Planning finds that the environmental impact assessment report together with related documents as filed is duly made and completed with the data as required, or has been duly amended or modified in accordance with the foregoing third paragraph, it shall review and make preliminary comments on the report within thirty days from the date of receiving such report in order that the report together with the preliminary comments shall be referred to the committee of experts for further consideration. The appointment of the committee of experts according to the foregoing fourth paragraph shall be in accordance with the rules and procedures determined by the National Environment Board. The committee shall be composed of experts members who are qualified or specialized in various fields of related disciplines and the authority legally competent to grant permission for the given project or activity under review, or its representative, shall be included in its membership. Section 49 The review and consideration by the committee of experts according to Section 48 shall be carried out within forty-five days from the date of receiving the environmental impact assessment report from the Office of Environmental Policy and Planning. If the committee of experts fails to conclude its review and consideration within the said period, the report shall be deemed to have been approved by it. In case the committee of experts approves or is deemed to have given approval to the report, the official legally empowered to grant permission shall accordingly order that the permission be granted to the person who applied for it. In case approval of the report is denied by the committee of experts, the permitting authority shall withhold the granting of permission to the person who applied for it until such person will resubmit the environmental impact assessment report that has been amended or entirely redone in conformity with the guidelines and detailed requirements determined by the order of the committee of experts. When such person has resubmitted the environmental impact assessment report that has been amended or entirely redone, the committee of experts shall review and conclude its consideration within thirty days from the date of receiving the resubmitted report. If the committee of experts fails to conclude its review and consideration within the said period, it shall be deemed that the committee has approved the report and the permitting authority accordingly grant permission to the person who applied for it. In case it is deemed reasonable the Minister may issue a notification in the Government Gazette requiring that the project or activity of the type and size specified by the notification issued by virtue of Section 46 also file an environmental impact assessment report when an application is made for renewal of permission for such project or activity in accordance with the same procedures as applicable to the application for the permission. Section 50 For the purpose of review and consideration of the environmental impact assessment report pursuant to Section 48 and Section 49 and site inspection is deemed appropriate, the committee of experts or the competent official assigned by the committee shall be authorized to inspect the site of the project or activity identified in

the report for which approval thereof is sought. When the committee of experts has approved the environmental impact assessment report pursuant to Section 49, the official who is legally competent to grant permission or a renewal of permission shall stipulate as the conditions of the permission or renewal thereof all the mitigation measures proposed in the environmental impact assessment report and all such conditions shall be deemed the conditions prescribed virtue of the governing laws on the subject matter. Section 51 For the purpose of compliance with Section 47 and Section 48, the Minister may, with the approval of the National Environment Board, require that the environmental impact assessment report as required by Section 46 be prepared or certified by a person who is licensed to be a specialist in environmental impact assessment. Application and issuance of license, qualifications of specialists who will be eligible to prepare environmental impact assessment reports, control of the licensee's performance, renewal of license, issuance of certificate in lieu of license, suspension or revocation of license and fee payments for the application and issuance of license shall be, in accordance with the rules, procedures, and conditions stipulated by ministerial regulation.

CHAPTER 4 POLLUTION CONTROL

PART 1

POLLUTION CONTROL COMMITTEE Section 52 For the purpose of pollution control under this Act, there shall be a committee called the "Pollution Control Committee" (PCC) which consists of the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment as the Chairman, the Director-General of the Department of Local Administration, the Director-General of the Police Department, the Director-General of the Department of Land Transport, the Director-General of the Harbor Department, the Director-General of the Department of Public Works, the Director-General of the Department of Mineral Resources, the Director-General of the Department of Industrial Works, the Director-General of the Health Department, the Director-General of the Department of Agriculture, the Director-General of the Department of Environmental Quality Promotion, the Secretary-General of the Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, the Permanent Secretary for the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration and not more than five qualified persons appointed by the National Environment Board as members and the Director-General of the Department of Pollution Control as member and secretary. Section 14 and Section 15 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the holding office of the qualified members in the Pollution Control Committee. Section 53 The Pollution Control Committee shall have the power and duty as follows: (1) To submit an action plan for prevention or remedy of pollution hazards or contamination to the National Environment Board; (2) To give opinions and recommend to the National Environment Board on proposed amendments to or improvement of any laws concerning the control, prevention, reduction, or eradication of pollution;

(3) To propose incentive measures regarding taxation and private investment promotion in relation to pollution control and promotion and conservation of environmental quality to the National Environment Board; (4) To recommend to the National Environment Board on the determination of service fee rates for the central waste water treatment or central wastes disposal services of the government; (5) To give advice to the Minister on the setting of emission or effluent standards under Section 55; (6) To give advice to the Minister concerning the types of point sources of pollution that will be require to comply with Sections 68 and 69; (7) To make recommendation on the issuing of ministerial regulations specifying the types and categories of hazardous wastes to be regulated under Section 79; (8) To co-ordinate government agencies, state enterprises, and the private sector in their actions to control, prevent, mitigate, or eradicate pollution; (9) To prepare and submit the report on pollution situation to the National Environment Board once a year; (10) To consider and resolve the challenge to the order of the pollution control official under this Act; (11) To perform other functions designated by this Act or other law to be the power and duty of the Pollution Control Committee; (12) To carry out other matters assigned by the National Environment Board. The Pollution Control Committee may appoint a subcommittee to consider or carry out any matter as may be assigned by the Pollution Control Committee. Section 54 Section 16, Section 17 and Section 20 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the performance of functions of the Pollution Control Committee and subcommittee.

PART 2 EMISSION OR EFFLUENT STANDARDS

Section 55 The Minister shall, with the advice of the Pollution Control Committee and the approval of the National Environment Board, have the power to publish notification in the Government Gazette prescribing emission or effluent standards for the control of wastewater discharge, polluted air emissions, or discharge of other wastes or pollutants from point sources into the environment, in order to meet the environmental quality standards set by virtue of this Act for the conservation of national environmental quality. Section 56 In case there have been standards prescribed by virtue of the other laws concerning wastewater discharges, polluted air emissions, or discharge of other wastes or pollutants from point sources of pollution into the environment and such standards are no less stringent than the emission or effluent standards set by the Minister by virtue of Section 55, such standards shall continue to be remain effective by virtue of the laws related thereto. If, however, such standards are less stringent than the emission or effluent standards set by Minister pursuant to Section 55, the government agencies empowered by such laws shall amend such standards in conformity with the emission or effluent standards under this Act. If there is any obstacle preventing from doing so, the National Environmental Board shall resolve on such matter and the government agencies concerned shall act in accordance with such resolution.

Section 57 In case any government agency is empowered by the other law to prescribe emission or effluent standards in any matter, but that government agency fails to exercise its power, the Minister shall, with the recommendation of the Pollution Control Committee and with the approval of the National Environment Board, publish notification in the Government Gazette prescribing the emission or effluent standards in question and such standards shall be deemed to have been set by the governing law on such matter. Section 58 If it is deemed reasonable, the Provincial (Changwat) Governor shall have the power to publish notification in the Government Gazette prescribing a special set of emission or effluent standards applicable to pollution control area designated by Section 59, higher than the standards set pursuant to Section 55 or the standards set by virtue of other law which remain in force according to Section 56.

PART 3 POLLUTION CONTROL AREA

Section 59 In case it appears that any locality is affected by pollution problems and there is a tendency that such problems may be aggravated, to cause health hazards to the public or adverse impact on the environmental quality, the National Environment Board shall have power to publish notification in the Government Gazette designating of such locality as a pollution control area in order to control, reduce, and eliminate pollution. Section 60 For the purpose of the Provincial Action Plan for environmental quality management to be prepare according to Section 37, the local official in the locality designated as the pollution control area pursuant to Section 59 shall prepare and submit an action plan for reduction and eradication of pollution in such to the Provincial Governor in order to be incorporate such plan into the Provincial Action Plan for environmental quality management. In preparing the action plan for reduction and eradication of pollution, steps shall be taken as follows: (1) to survey and collect data concerning point sources of pollution located within the limits of that pollution control area; (2) to make an inventory showing the number, type, and size of point sources of pollution under survey and collection of data according to sub-Section (1) above; (3) to study, analyze, and assess the state of pollution, as well as the scope, nature, severity of the problem, and impacts on environmental quality in order to specify suitable and necessary measures for mitigation and eradication of pollution in that pollution control area. The pollution control official shall give advice and assistance to the local official necessary for the preparation of the action plan to reduce and eradicate pollution according to the first and second paragraphs. Section 61 The action plan for reduction and eradication of pollution in the pollution control area under Section 60 shall propose the estimation and request for government budget and Fund allocations for the construction or operation of the central wastewater treatment

plant or the central waste disposal facility necessary to reduce and eradicate pollution in that pollution control area. Section 62 In case it is necessary to acquire a piece of land to be used as the site of the central wastewater or central waste disposal facility for any pollution control area but state-owned land is not available, steps shall be taken to select and acquire land for sitting this purpose. If there are expenses, the estimate and request for government budget and Fund allocation shall be made in the Provincial Action Plan. If it is unable to proceed under the first paragraph, suitable land shall be selected and proposed made to the Minister in order to take step to expropriate such land in accordance with the law on expropriation of immovable property. Section 63 The Provincial Governor shall supervise and oversee the local official's actions under Section 60. If no action is taken by the local official within a reasonable time, the Provincial Governor shall have the power to take action on behalf of the local authority upon notification to such local authority and the National Environment Board.

PART 4 AIR AND NOISE POLLUTION

Section 64 Every usable vehicle shall conform to the emission standards prescribed for such vehicle pursuant to Section 55. Section 65 If it is found that the use of any vehicle is in violation of Section 64, the competent official shall have the power to prohibit the use of the vehicle permanently or until it will have been modified or improved to meet the emission standards requirement prescribed pursuant to Section 55. Section 66 In issuing the order prohibiting the use of vehicle according to Section 65, the competent official shall make the sign clearly shows the words "Use Prohibited Permanently" or "Use Prohibited Temporarily" or any other sign, known and understood by the general public to have the same meaning, on any part of such vehicle The making or removal of the sign under the first paragraph, or the use of the vehicle while the said sign is on, shall be in accordance with the rules, methods, and conditions specified by ministerial regulations. Section 67 In performing his duty under Section 65, the competent official has the power to stop and inspect a vehicle, enter into vehicle or to do any act necessary to check and test the engine and equipment of such vehicle. Section 68 The Minister shall, with the advice of the Pollution Control Committee, have the power to publish notifications in the Government Gazette specifying the types of

point sources of pollution that shall be controlled in regard to the emissions of polluted air, ray, or other pollutants, in the form of smoke, fume, gas, soot, dust, ash, particle, or any other form of air pollution, to the atmosphere, in conformity with the emission standards prescribed under Section 55, or standards prescribed by any government agency by virtue of the other law which remains in force according to Section 56, or standards set by a Provincial Governor for the pollution control area according to Section 58. The owner or possessor of a point source of pollution under the first paragraph has the duty to install or bring into operation an on-site facility for air pollution control, equipment, or other instrument as determined by the pollution control official in order to control, dispose, reduce, or eliminate pollutants which may effect air quality, unless such facility, equipment or instrument has already been in place and still in working condition upon the inspection and testing by the pollution control official. For the purpose of this Section, the pollution control official may also require that the operation of such facility, equipment, or instrument be controlled by the Monitoring Control Operator. The provisions of the first and second paragraphs shall apply mutatis mutandis to the point sources of pollution which emit or generate noise or vibration in excess of the emission standards set pursuant to Section 55, or the standards set by any government agency by virtue of the other law that remains in force according to Section 56, or the standards set by the Provincial Governor in special case for the pollution control area according to Section 58.

PART 5 WATER POLLUTION

Section 69 The Minister shall with the advice of the Pollution Control Committee, have the power to publish notifications in the Government Gazette specifying the types of point sources of pollution that shall be controlled in regard to the discharge of wastewater or wastes into public water sources or into the environment outside the limits of such point sources, in conformity with the effluent standards set pursuant to Section 55, standards set by any government agency by virtue of the other law that remains in force according to Section 56, or the standards set by the Provincial Governor in special case for the pollution control area according to Section 58. Section 70 The owner or possessor of the point source of pollution under Section 69 has the duty to construct, install or bring into operation an on-site facility for wastewater treatment or waste disposal as determined by the pollution control official. For this purpose, the pollution control official may also require that such owner or possessor commission a Monitoring Control Operator to control the wastewater treatment or waste disposal facility that shall be constructed, installed, or brought into operation accordingly. If any point source of pollution has an on-site facility for wastewater treatment or waste disposal before the date of a notification of the Minister under Section 69, the owner or possessor of such point source of pollution shall inform the pollution control official to check the functioning system of the facility. If its capability to treat wastewater or dispose of wastes fails to meet applicable standards, the owner or possessor has the duty to modify or improve it in conformity with the pollution control official's directions. Section 71

In any pollution control area or locality where a central wastewater treatment plant or a central waste disposal facility has been brought into operation by the administration concerned, the owner or possessor of a point source of pollution according to Section 70, first paragraphs, who has not yet constructed, installed or brought into operation the on-site facility for wastewater treatment or waste disposal according to the prescription of the pollution control official, or may not want to construct or make arrangements for such system, shall have the duty to send the wastewater or wastes generated by the point source to the central wastewater treatment plant or central waste disposal facility in the pollution control area or in that locality for treatment or disposal and shall have the duty to pay the service fees at the rates fixed by virtue of this Act or other related laws. Section 72 In any pollution control area or locality where a central waste water treatment plant or central waste disposal facility has been brought into operation by the administration concerned, the owner or possessor of any point source of pollution, except those under Section 70, shall have the duty to send wastewater or wastes from his source of pollution to the central wastewater treatment plant or the central waste disposal facility in that pollution control area or locality for treatment or disposal and shall have the duty to pay service fees at the rates fixed by virtue of this Act or other related laws, except such point source of pollution already has already had its own wastewater treatment or waste disposal facility which is capable of meeting the standards prescribed under this Act. Section 73 No person shall be employed as a Monitoring Control Operator or as a Service Contractor, who renders for hire the services of wastewater treatment or waste disposal, without obtaining the license from the local official. Application and issuance or license, qualifications of the applicant, control of licensee’s performance, renewal of license, issuance of certificate in lieu of license, suspension or revocation of license, and fee payments for application and issuance of license shall be in accordance with the rules, procedures, and conditions stipulated by ministerial regulation. A person who has obtained a license to be Service Contractor shall also be deemed to have obtained a license to be a Monitoring Control Operator. In rendering the services of wastewater treatment or waste disposal by the Service Contractor according to the first paragraph, the service charges shall not exceed the rates fixed by the ministerial regulation. Section 74 In any pollution control area or locality where the central wastewater treatment or central waste disposal facility of the public service is yet to be put into operation, but there is nonetheless a Service Contractor who is licensed to render such services within that area, the owner or possessor of a point source of pollution according to Section 71 and Section 72 shall be required to send the wastewater or wastes from his point source for treatment or disposal by such Service Contractor in accordance with the rules, regulations, methods, and conditions prescribed by the local official, with the advice of the pollution control official. Section 75 In pollution control area or locality where a public central wastewater treatment or central waste disposal facility is yet to be put into service by the government and there

is no licensed Service Contractor rendering services therein, the local official may, with advice of the pollution control official, determine a temporary method necessary for the treatment of wastewater or disposal of wastes from point sources of pollution under Section 71 and Section 72 until a central waste water treatment or central waste disposal facility will have been constructed, installed, and put into operation within such pollution control area or locality. The temporary method for wastewater treatment or waste disposal according to the first paragraph shall include mean to the collection, transport or conveyance of wastewater or wastes by whatever appropriate means to be treated or disposed by the central wastewater treatment plant or central waste disposal facility of the government in the other area; or to allow the licensed Service Contractor rendering services in the other area to render the same services in that pollution control area or locality temporarily; or to allow such licensed Service Contractor to collect and transport wastewater or wastes to treated or disposed by his own wastewater treatment or waste disposal facility located outside that pollution control area or locality. Section 76 Wastewater treated by either the central wastewater treatment plant of the government or by the wastewater treatment facility of the Service Contractor must also have he properties which meet the requirement of the effluent standards prescribed by virtue of Section 55, or the standards prescribed by virtue of the other law which remains in force according to Section 56, or standards set by the Provincial Governor in special case for the pollution control area according to Section 58. Section 77 The government agency or local authority which make provision for the services of central wastewater treatment or central waste disposal facilities by using government budget, or revenues of the local authority, and Fund allocations under this Act shall be responsible for the management and control of such facilities. In this respect, the responsible agency or local authority may employ a licensed Service Contractor under this Act to manage and control the operation of such facilities. Regulations, rules, and methods for conveyance, collection, and transport of wastewater or wastes from the point sources of pollution to a central waste treatment plant or central waste disposal facility as well as prescriptions, prohibitions, restrictions, and other conditions for discharging and draining of wastewater or wastes from factories and other point sources of pollution under to Section 72 into central wastewater treatment or central waste disposal facilities shall be prescribed by the ministerial regulation.

PART 6 OTHER POLLUTION AND HAZARDOUS WASTE

Section 78 The collection, transport, and other arrangements for the treatment and disposal of garbage and other solid wastes; the prevention and control of pollution from mining both on land and in the sea; the prevention and control of pollution from the exploration and drilling for oil, natural gas, and all kinds of hydrocarbon both on land in the sea; and the prevention and control of pollution resulting or originating from the discharge of oil and the dumping of wastes and other matters from sea-going vessels, tankers, and other types of vessel, shall be in accordance with the governing laws

related thereto. Section 79 In case there is no specific law applicable thereto, the Minister shall, with the advice of the Pollution Control Committee, have the power to issue ministerial regulations specifying the types and categories of hazardous wastes generated from the production and usage of chemicals or hazardous substances in the production process of industry, agriculture, sanitation and other activities which shall be brought under control. For this purpose, rules, regulations, measures and methods must also be prescribed for the control of collection, storage, safety measures, transportation, import into the Kingdom, export out of the Kingdom, and for proper and technically sound management, treatment and disposal of such hazardous wastes.

PART 7 MONITORING, INSPECTION AND CONTROL

Section 80 The owner or possessor of the point source of pollution, required by virtue of Section 68 or Section 70, to have his own facility for treatment of polluted air, equipment or instrument for control of the discharge of polluted air or other pollutants or the wastewater treatment or waste disposal facility, shall have the duty to collect statistics and data showing the daily functioning of the said facility or equipment and instrument, and make detailed notes thereof to be kept as recorded evidence at the site of that point source of pollution, and shall submit report summarizing the functioning results of the facility, equipment to the local official of the locality where such point source is situated at least once a month. The collection of statistics and data, the making of notes and reports shall be in accordance with the rules, procedures, methods and format specified by ministerial regulation. In case the facility for treatment of polluted air, wastewater or waste disposal or equipment and instrument indicated in the first paragraph requires a Monitoring Control Operator as determined by the pollution control official, the Monitoring Control Operator shall have the duty to act under the first paragraph on behalf of the owner or possessor. The Service Contractor licensed to render wastewater treatment or waste disposal services shall have the duty to do the same as owner or possessor of the point source of pollution is required under the first paragraph. Section 81 The local official shall gather the reports received according to Section 80 and send them to the pollution control official, who has jurisdiction over that locality, on a regular basis at least once a month. In doing so, the local official may make comments for consideration of the pollution control official. Section 82 In order to perform his functions under this Act, the pollution control official is empowered as follows: (1) To enter into the building, place and site of the factory or point source of pollution or the site of wastewater treatment or waste disposal facility which belongs to any person, between the sun rise and sun set or during the working hours, to inspect the functioning process of wastewater treatment or waste disposal facility, air pollution control system or equipment and other instrument for the control of polluted air or other pollutants, as well as to well as to examine the notes, statistics or data on the

functioning of the said facility, equipment and instrument, or when there is a reasonable suspicion that there is a non-compliance with this Act; (2) To issue an order in writing directing the owner or possessor, the Monitoring Control Operator, or the licensed Service Contractor rendering the services of wastewater treatment or waste disposal, to correct, change, improve or repair the air pollution control, wastewater treatment or waste disposal facility or other equipment and instrument for the control of polluted air or other pollutants. If, however, the point source of pollution is a factory, the official under the law on industrial plants shall be notified to take action within his power and duty. If such official fails to do so, the pollution control official shall have the power to take action in accordance with this Act; (3) To issue a written order directing the owner or possessor of the point source of pollution which is not a factory to pay penalties as provided under Section 90, 91 or 92. If the point source of pollution is a factory, the official under the law on industrial plant shall be notified to order the owner or possessor of such factory to pay the penalties and, in doing so, such official under the law on industrial plants shall be deemed to be the pollution control official under this Act. If, however, such official fails to issue the penalty order within a reasonable time, the pollution control official shall then have the power to issue the order directing the owner or possessor of such factory to pay the penalties; (4) To issue a written order directing the Service Contractor licensed to render the services of wastewater treatment or waste disposal to stop or shut down his services, or revoking his license in case such Service Contractor violates or does not comply with this Act, or any ministerial regulation, local ordinance, rule, notification or condition issued or stipulated by virtue of this Act, or does not comply with the order of the pollution control official issued by virtue of this Act; (5) To issue a written order suspending the Monitoring Control Operator under Section 68 or 70 in case such Monitoring Control Operator violates or does not comply with this Act, or any ministerial regulation, local ordinance, rule, notification, or condition issued or stipulated by virtue of this Act, or does not comply with the order of the pollution control official issued by virtue of this Act. Section 83 In case it is deemed reasonable in the interest of co-ordination of action among agencies concerned, the pollution control official may: (1) Recommend the official who has legal power to control the point source of pollution, to close down its operation, to suspend or revoke the license of its owner or operator, or to bar its use or utilization in any way, especially in connection with the point source of pollution under Section 68, Section 69 or Section 78 which has no intention to treat the polluted air, wastewater or other wastes and illegally discharge the untreated wastes into the environment outside the limits of its site and promise; (2) Recommend the local official to take legal action against the owner or possessor of the point source of pollution under Section 71 or Section 72 in order to coerce him to send wastewater or wastes to be treated or disposed in according to this Act; (3) Give advice and suggestions to the local official or the government agency concerned in connecting with the operation and maintenance of the central wastewater treatment plant or the central waste disposal facility under the responsibility of such local official or government agency. Section 84 In the performance of duty under this Act, the competent official or the pollution control official must produce his identity card at the request of the person concerned.

The identity card of the competent official and pollution control official shall be in such a form as prescribed in the ministerial regulation. Section 85 The owner or occupier of premises, vehicles or any person concerned shall facilitate the performance of duty under this Act by the competent official or the pollution control official who shall be official under the Penal Code. Section 86 The performance of duty by the competent official under Section 50, first paragraph, or Section 65 and the performance of duty by the pollution control official under Section 82 (1) shall be done in the presence of the owner or occupier of the premise or vehicle; if such person cannot be found, it shall be done in the presence of at least two other persons requested by the competent official or the pollution control official to attend as witnesses. Section 87 The owner or possessor of the point source of pollution, the Service Contractor licensed to render services of wastewater treatment or waste disposal, the Monitoring Control Operator or any other person who is not satisfied with the order of the pollution control official under Section 82 (2), (3), (4) or (5), is entitled to challenge such order by petition to the Pollution Control Committee within thirty days from the date of receiving the order of the pollution control official. If the petitioner does not agree with the decision of the Pollution Control Committee, he shall appeal to the Minister within thirty days the date of receiving notification of the Pollution Control Committee's decision. The decision of the Minister shall be final.

PART 8 SERVICE FEE AND PENALTY

Section 88 In any pollution control area or locality where a central wastewater treatment plant of a central waste disposal facility has been constructed and brought into operation as a public utility service, funded by government budget or revenue of the local administration and money allocated form the Fund as provided in this Act, the National Environment Board shall, with the advice of the Pollution Control Committee, fix the rates of service fee to be applicable within the limits of each pollution control area or locality, being the site of and served by the operation of such facility. The service fee rates fixed according to the foregoing first paragraph shall be notified and published in the Government Gazette. Section 89 The rates of service fee fixed according to Section 88 for treatment of wastewater or for disposal of wastes emanated from point sources pursuant to Section 71 and Section 72 may be varied as appropriate. The owner or possessor of the point source of pollution governed by the provision of Section 72, in the category of domestic household, that can be classified as a small-scale user is entitled to be exempted from the payment of service fees in accordance with the rules and conditions stipulated by the National Environment Board, with the advice of the Pollution Control Committee.

Section 90 Any owner or possessor of point source of pollution who avoidably refrains from sending wastewater or wastes to the central wastewater treatment plant or the central waste disposal facility as required by Section 71 or Section 72 and illegally discharges such wastewater or wastes into the environment outside the limits of the site of the point source owned or possessed by him, or does send the wastewater or wastes to the central wastewater treatment plant or the central waste disposal facility of the public service for treatment but fails and refuses to make payment for the service fees without being entitled to the exemption as provided by Section 89, second paragraph, shall be liable to pay as a penalty four time as much the amount of service fee that he is liable to pay at the rate fixed in accordance with Section 88 until the provision of this Act is observed by him. Section 91 Any owner or possessor of the point source of pollution, required by Section 70 to have an on-site facility for wastewater treatment or waste disposal, who illegally discharges wastewater or wastes into the central wastewater treatment plant or the central waste disposal facility of the public service, shall be liable to pay as a daily penalty four time as much the amount of daily expenses for the normal operation of his on-site facility for wastewater treatment or waste disposal throughout the duration of such illegal discharge and shall also be liable to pay damages if such illegal discharge has caused any damage or defection to the central wastewater treatment plant or the central waste disposal facility of the public service. Section 92 Any owner or possessor of the point source of pollution subject to the requirements of Section 68 or Section 70, who refrains from using his on-site facilities or equipment for the control of air pollution, noise pollution and vibrations, or refrains from operating his on-site facilities for the treatment of wastewater or disposal of wastes and illegally discharges such untreated wastewater or wastes into the environment outside the limits of the site of the point source of pollution, shall be liable to pay as a daily penalty four time as much the amount of daily expenses for the normal operation of his facilities, equipment or process for wastewater treatment or waste disposal throughout the duration or such illegal discharge. Section 93 The local authority or the competent official of the government agency responsible for the operation of the public wastewater treatment plant or waste disposal facility shall have the power and duty to collect service fees, penalties and claim for damages as provided in this Part, particularly in connection with the operation of the central wastewater treatment plant or the central waste disposal facility of the public service which is made available by such local authority or government agency. The service fees and penalties collectable in accordance with the foregoing first paragraph shall be exempted from being remitted to the Treasury as government revenues, but shall be deducted and remitted to the Fund at the ratio specified by the Fund Committee, whereas the balance therefrom shall be used as expenditures for operation and maintenance of the central wastewater treatment plant or the central waste disposal facility of the local authority or government agency which is responsible to collect such service fees and penalties.

CHAPTER 5

PROMOTIONAL MEASURES Section 94 The owner or possessor of any point source of pollution, who has the duty according to this Act or other related laws to install an on-site facility for treatment of polluted air or wastewater or for disposal of any other wastes, including the procurement of equipment, instrument, tools, appliances or materials necessary for control of pollution from such point source, or the Service Contractor licensed pursuant to this Act, is entitled to request for promotional support and assistance from the government service in the following matters: (1) Request for assistance regarding important duties for the import into the Kingdom of necessary machinery, equipment, instrument, tools, appliances or materials which are not available in the Kingdom; (2) Application for permission to bring foreign experts or specialists into the country to carry out works concerning the installation, monitoring control or operation of air pollution control systems, wastewater treatment works or waste disposal facilities in case qualified persons within the Kingdom are not available for recruitment and commissioning to supervise and control machinery, equipment, instrument or tools imported into the Kingdom pursuant to sub-Section (1), including application for exemption of income tax that will incur from the performance of work as a supervisor of such person within the Kingdom. The owner or possessor of the point source of pollution who has no legal duty as referred to in the foregoing first paragraph, but nonetheless wishes to install an on-site facility with his own equipment, instrument, tools or appliances for air pollution control, wastewater treatment or for disposal of other wastes emanated from his activities or business undertakings, is also entitled to request for promotional supports and assistance from the government service in accordance with the foregoing first paragraph. Section 95 The request for promotional supports and assistance according to Section 94 shall be made to the National Environment Board in accordance with the rules, procedures, methods and formats prescribed by ministerial regulation. The National Environment Board shall consider and proceed with the request for promotional supports and assistance according to the foregoing first paragraph as it sees fit, taking into account the economic, financial and investment necessities of each individual applicant. In case it is considered appropriate to give assistance to the applicant, the National Environment Board shall recommend the government agencies concerned to act within their powers and functions to render promotional supports and assistance to the applicant accordingly.

CHAPTER 6 CIVIL LIABILITY

Section 96 If leakage or contamination caused by or originated from any point source of pollution is the cause of death, bodily harm or health injury of any person or has caused damage in any manner to the property of any private person or of the State, the owner or possessor of such point source shall be liable to pay compensation or damages therefor, regardless of whether such leakage or contamination is the result of a willful or negligent act of the owner or possessor thereof, except in case it can be proved that such pollution leakage or contamination is the result of:

(1) Force majeure or war; (2) An act done in compliance with the order of the Government or State authorities; (3) An act or omission of the person who sustains injury or damage, or of any third party who is directly or indirectly responsible for the leakage or contamination. The compensation or damages to which the owner or possessor of the point source of pollution shall be liable according to the foregoing first paragraph shall mean to include all the expenses actually incurred by the government service for the clean-up of pollution arisen from such incident of leakage or contamination. Section 97 Any person who commits an unlawful act or omission by whatever means resulting in the destruction, loss or damage to natural resources owned by the State or belonging to the public domain shall be liable to make compensation to the State representing the total value of natural resources so destroyed, lost or damaged by such an unlawful act or omission.

CHAPTER 7 PENAL PROVISIONS

Section 98 Any person who violates or refuses to observe the order issued by virtue of Section 8 or obstructs any act done in compliance with such order shall be punished by imprisonment not exceeding one year or fine not exceeding one hundred thousand Baht, or both. In case the person who violates or refuses to observe the order or obstructs any act done in compliance with such order is the person who has caused danger or damage arisen from pollution, such person shall be punished by imprisonment not exceeding five years or fine not exceeding five hundred thousand Baht, or both. Section 99 Any person who illegally encroaches upon, occupies, or enters into public land to act in any manner which results in the destruction, loss or damage to natural resources or treasures worthy of being conserved, or causes the occurrence of pollution having impact on the environment within the limits of environmentally protected areas designated by virtue of Section 43 shall be punished by imprisonment not exceed five years or fine not exceeding five hundred thousand Baht, or both. Section 100 Any person who violates or refrains from observing the restrictions stipulated by ministerial regulation issued according to Section 44 or by notification given by the Minister according to Section 45 shall be punished by imprisonment not exceeding one year or fine not exceeding one hundred thousand Baht, or both. Section 101 Any person who spreads or disseminates false information about the danger from any point source of pollution with the intention to destroy its reputation or to undermine public trust on the lawful operation of its business or activity shall be punished by imprisonment not exceeding one year or fine not exceeding one hundred thousand Baht, or both. If the spread or dissemination of information according to the foregoing first paragraph is done by means of publication, announcement, advertisement or reports through newspaper, radio, television or other forms of mass media, the person who

commits such act shall be punished by imprisonment not exceeding five years or fine not exceeding five hundred thousand Baht, or both. Section 102 Any person who violates the order of competent official forbidding the use of vehicle according to Section 65 shall be punished by fine not exceeding five thousand Baht. Section 103 Any person who refuses to observe the order given by competent official according to Section 67 shall be punished by imprisonment not exceeding one month or fine not exceeding ten thousand Baht, or both. Section 104 Any owner or possessor of the point source of pollution who refrains from observing the provision of Section 71, or any person who refrains from observing the provision of Section 72, or the rules laid down by the local authority by virtue of Section 74 or Section 75, first paragraph, or the ministerial regulation issued by virtue of Section 80 shall be punished by imprisonment not exceeding one year or fine not exceeding one hundred thousand Baht, or both. Section 105 Any person who renders services as a Monitoring Control Operator or as a Service Contractor for wastewater treatment or waste disposal without the license granted according to Section 73 shall be punished by imprisonment not exceeding one year or fine not exceeding one hundred thousand Baht, or both. Section 106 Any owner or possessor of the point source of pollution or any Monitoring Control Operator or any Service Contractor rendering the services of wastewater treatment or waste disposal, who refrains from collecting statistics or data or from making notes or reports as required by Section 80 shall be punished by imprisonment not exceeding one month or fine not exceeding ten thousand Baht, or both. Section 107 Any Monitoring Control Operator or Service Contractor having the duty to make notes or reports according to this Act, who intentionally makes such notes or reports showing false information or statements shall be punished by imprisonment not exceeding one year or fine not exceeding one hundred thousand Baht, or both. Section 108 Any person who obstructs or refuses to comply with the order of the pollution control official given in the performance of his duty according to Section 82 (2) shall be punished by imprisonment not exceeding one month or fine not exceeding ten thousand Baht, or both. Section 109 Any Service Contractor rendering services for wastewater treatment or waste disposal ordered by the pollution control official to stop or close down his services pursuant to Section 82 (5), or any Monitoring Control Operator whose license has been revoked by the order of the pollution control official pursuant to Section 82 (6), who violates or refuses to comply with such order of the pollution control official or continues to carry on his service in violation of such order shall be punished by imprisonment not exceeding one year or fine not exceeding one hundred thousand Baht, or both.

Section 110 Any owner or possessor of the point source of pollution who employs the person, whose license to be a Monitoring Control Operator has been revoked, to supervise and monitor the operation of air pollution control, wastewater treatment or waste disposal facility that he has the duty to install and operate according to this Act, shall be punished by fine not exceeding fifty thousand Baht. Section 111 In case the offender who is liable to be punished according to this Act is a juristic person, the directors or managers of such juristic person, or any person who is responsible for the business operation of such juristic person, shall also be punishable by the same penalties prescribed by law for such offence, unless it can be proved that they have no part to play in the commission of such offence.

PROVISIONS

Section 112 In the period during which the National Environment Board is yet to be appointed in accordance with Section 12 of this Act, the National Environment Board appointed prior to the date of effectiveness of this Act shall continue to hold office in order to perform its function until the new Board shall be appointed and take over the office. Section 113 All ministerial regulations, rules, procedures, notification or orders, issued by virtue of the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act, B.E. 2518 which remain in force on the date of effectiveness of this Act, shall continue to be effective, insofar as they are not in conflict with or contrary to this Act, unless and until ministerial regulations, rules, procedures, notifications or orders will have been issued in accordance with this Act. Section 114 The person, who has been holding a license as an eligible person to prepare reports concerning the study and measures for the prevention of and remedy for the adverse effect on environmental quality by virtue of the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act, B.E. 2518, shall continue to be eligible to prepare the environmental impact assessment report provided by this Act, until such person is required by the Minister to apply for license in accordance with this Act. Section 115 For all the reports concerning the study and measures for the prevention of and remedy for the adverse effect on environmental quality required for any project or activity pursuant to the Enhancement and Conservation of the National Environmental Quality Act, B.E. 2518, that have been filed prior to the date on which this Act shall come into effect and still pending review by the Office of National Environment Board, the review and approval of such reports shall be further proceeded with in accordance with the rules and procedures laid down by virtue of the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act, B.E. 2518. For this purpose, the power and duty of the Office of National Environment Board in connection with the review and approval of such reports shall become the power and duty of the Office of Environmental Policy and Planning.

Bangkok The 6th Development of Policy and Planning in Bangkok Nowadays, Bangkok as the capital city and center in the development of Thailand has many problems that have to be solved and develop, such as traffic problem, environment managing problem, air pollution, water pollution, flood, lack of green space and especially waste pollution. Therefore, the 6th Development of Policy and Planning in Bangkok has established to be the military science for developing and solving the problems in Bangkok efficiency. It is the military science that can be done and response more for the need of people. Furthermore, it can build better efficiency in managing in Bangkok and can lead Bangkok to grow and develop through the cooperation among people.

Objectives: 1. Increase and maintain the quality of the environment of Bangkok 2. Protect and solve the flooding problems 3. Reduce and control water pollution 4. Increase the quality of trash waste and hazardous waste management. 5. Reduce the quantity of air pollution, dust, noise, and shaking 6. Control the emission of the pollution from the buildings and other places 7. Increase the public participation in environmental quality management Way to proceed as the following: 1) No waste left over in public, on roads, and water sources within 2002 1.1) Set date, time, and route for collecting rubbish efficiency 1.2) Add more three stations of waste transportation 2) Decrease the rate of rubbish to be less than 1 kg/ person/ day 2.1) Motivate people to use natural resources worthily 2.2) Increase the waste fee to be in line with the law of Department of Health including with the principle that who produce more rubbish have to pay more fees 3) Decrease 15 percent of the quantity of rubbish that have to be destroy 3.1) Support people to categorize rubbish before throw to the rubbish can 3.2) Launch the law of Bangkok that set ways to throw away their rubbish 3.3) Set up the information center to be like Waste Exchange 3.4) Support public relation and publicize news 3.5) Set up activities that support cleaning in community 3.6) Set up the way and analysis of proceeding in concrete object

4) Increase the efficiency hazardous waste management and motivate people to categorize at least 20 percent of hazardous waste from the public waste 4.1) Support public relation and give knowledge to people about hazardous waste 4.2) Set up activities that motivate people to cooperate to categorize hazardous waste from general waste 4.3) Set the date to collect hazardous waste from household for supporting to categorize hazardous seriously 4.4) Set up the center that increase the container for hazardous waste for the convenient to throw away 4.5) Let private individual to have role on collecting hazardous waste 4.6) Study the impossible for the system of keeping and collecting hazardous waste at the beginning 4.7) Set up the clearly law measure for hazardous waste 5) Increase the efficiency of the rubbish fee from 20 percent to be 80 percent of all households in Bangkok 5.1) Use GIS system for collect the fee seriously 5.2) Support public relation to let people know about the real expense 5.3) Use the force measure of law 6) Increase the efficiency of waste destruction by technology at least 10 percents of the quantity of rubbish that can be move 6.1) Destroy rubbish by leaven to make fertilizer 1000 ton/ day 6.2) Bury rubbish in standard 6.3) Find more areas to destroy the rubbish 6.4) Set up ways to analysis the proceed in concrete object for the successful goal 6.5) Find new technologies to destroy rubbish often and bring it to be applied 6.6) Do research and development about the waste management

7) Improve the system of rubbish transportation to be keep and destroy from 10 percents to be 15 percent of rubbish 7.1) Support household along the rive to have pond to keep the excretion 7.2) Set up the waste transportations by land and by water cover all areas in Bangkok 8) Set up the system of rubbish gathering from household along the river in Bangkok to be 5 percents 8.1) Make a survey to know peoples’ comments and make plebiscite for people who live on river bank 8.2) Lay drain pipe from household on river bank to pass to the pipe that gather all of wastes 9) Collect oil from factories to be 20 percents of the quantity of oil and take to destroy correctly 9.1) Find a truck for oil 9.2) Make the factory that destroy oil 10) Increase the number of public toilet and temporary toilet cover areas in Bangkok 10.1) Let private individual make public toilets for all areas in Bangkok and have a right to collect the service cost 11) Increase the service of infection waste destruction to be cover for every public health 11.1) Set up the law of infection waste destruction 11.2) Support public relation for hospitals to categorize infection wastes 11.3) Set up the checking and following after systems 12) Increase the efficiency of collecting rubbish continually 12.1) Set up the station of waste transportation 12.2) Set up the time of throwing and collecting rubbish 12.3) Increase the quantity and frequency of collecting rubbish by added more people and equipments including with private individual to collect with some type of wastes in Bangkok 12.4) Support to have a convenient form of throwing and collecting 12.5) Set up the checking unit and accept complain about wastes 12.6) Set up the measurement and analysis of the process for the successful goal 13) Develop personnel who involve cleaning in every level continually and more often 13.1) Train employees such as sweep responsibility, engine driver, etc, for their best work in their equipments 13.2) Set up seminar and change their knowledge, experiences, and comments in their works from the same unit and also from different unit 13.3) Set up the field trip to increase the knowledge and experiences for authority 13.4) Support to have a cooperate work among different unit including foreigners 13.5) Support official to study additionally in the Thailand and abroad 14) Set up the system of information about cleaning for the management and improve the efficiency of the service for people 14.1) Place the network system to connect the information among involved units 14.2) Develop and improve the network system to be efficiency 14.3) Use technologies to improve the efficacy for cleaning 14.4) Train personnel to have knowledge and know how to use technology to work and service people efficiency

The 6th Development of Policy and Planning in Bangkok (2002-2006) has set a goal of the new arrangement of rubbish. The process has emphasized more about the

waste resources and the study in technology of waste burning to help managing the waste that has been left over.

Chulalongkorn University “Ban-Nee-Mee-Suk” Chulalongkorn University, supporting by Thai Health Promotion Foundation (สสส.) has established the project called “Ban-Nee-Mee-Suk”. The project is set to promote a health public issue. Moreover, the project is to advertise and spread out knowledge to students, staff as well as people who get involve in and around community, in order to improve their potential to look after their physical health. The project tries to adjust many places in Chulalongkorn University to support the wellbeing and health by developing and increasing the green zone and coordinate with the nearby community to specify the non-smoking area. Additionally, it will support the academic works about health care and wellbeing which can be very useful for the public. The project will try to penetrate to every kind of activities in the university to systematically integrate and build the organization culture to be the community of health and in good condition. There is an activity, for example a demonstration to supplement the physical health by professors of Chulalongkorn University such Ji-Gong, Tao-Ter-Chin-Cee and public performance such as Rum-Bua, Rum-Pat performed by Dr.Sitthichai Tudsee and professors from faculty of Arts.

Envi-watch On 5th June 2008, Chulalongkorn University has assigned Environmental Research Institute to collaborate with the Thailand Institute of Packaging Management for Sustainable Environment (TIPMSE) to incorporate the recycle waste system management, Chulalongkorn University. The agreement includes the management of recycle waste system and the separation of waste. There is also recycle center to reduce the amount of wastes that have to be eliminated. This project is a part of the “CU Envi-Watch”

1. The overall objective for this project is to solve and beware of environment problems in Chula campus.

2. The specific objective for this project is 2.1 To have an effective waste

management process 2.2 To encourage participation of all

members within the campus to separate and recycle waste.

2.3 Apply this project and have every area in campus practice the same thing

The Goal of the project

1. To create an effective waste separating practiced in every section in university and demonstrates a good model.

2. To encourage a waste separating habit for students and teachers.

3. To decrease amount of waste in campus. 4. To recycle and add value to waste.

The practiced area This project first started by applying the practice to 5 buildings in campus which are Faculty of law, Faculty of Communication Arts, Faculty of Education, Chulalongkorn demonstration school and the dormitory.

Expected result

1. To create an effective waste management standard for the whole university 2. To establish recycle center in order to add value to waste 3. To develop bio organic fertilizer project 4. To create member participation 5. To reduce cost of waste cleaning

The first project activity 10 September 2007 Explore the navigate area of the project for analyzing the waste problems and find the way to solve it both inside and outside the buildings. The navigate area of the project recycling waste management in Chulalongkorn University:

1. Office of Physical system management 2. Faculty of Laws 3. Faculty of communication arts 4. Faculty of Education 5. Chulalongkorn Demonstration School (Primary) 6. Chulalongkorn Demonstration School (Secondary)

Moreover, explore the fertilizer process of the university from bits and pieces of the leaves and branches The Second activity 20 November 2550 Determine a place to put the garbage bin with the help of the expert from Resource and environment department. They determine to put the garbage bin in 5 different places which are Faculty of law, Faculty of Communication Arts, Faculty of Education, Chulalongkorn demonstration school and the dormitory.

The Third Activity 17 January 2551 The survey was taken over at Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nakorn Prathom to introduce Chula waste management project. Chulalongkorn admistration also wanted to do another project which is the bioorganic fertilizer project.

Administration of the Project PERSONAL INFORMATION Full Name: Orakarn Chantaramungkorn Address: 33/49 The Bangkok Condo Sap rd., Sipraya, Bangrak, Bangkok 10500 Nationality: Thai Date of Birth: 5th November 1958 Marital Status: Married Telephone: +6682-9383152 Mobile: +6687-3030435 Email: [email protected] EDUCATION AND QUALIFICATIONS 1992-1995 Yale University Connecticut, USA Ph.D. in Environmental Management GPA 3.69 (First Honor achievement) 1986-1988 University of Southern California Los Angeles, USA

Master Degree in Strategic Public Relations, GPA 3.94 (First Honor achievement)

1985-1986 Yale University Connecticut, USA Master Degree in Environmental Management GPA 3.89 (First Honor achievement)

1976-1980 University of South Florida Florida, USA Bachelor Degree in Environmental Science and Policy GPA 3.78 (First Honor achievement)

WORK EXPERIENCES 2002-present Why Waste? Waste Management Company Bangkok, Thailand

President 1995-2002 Aerotek E & E Tennessee, USA

Environmental Operations Manager 1988-1992 London Health Trust London, England

Junior Waste Manager 1980-1985 Thailand Environmental Institute (TEI) Bangkok, Thailand

Environmental Governance Project AWARDS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS With Why Waste? Waste Management Company

• 2008 Green Awards for Creativity in Sustainability • EDIE Awards in Environmental Excellence • The Green Apple Environment Award for Environment Best Practice • The Grosvenor Best Local Authority Initiative (National Recycling Awards) • Safer Greener Network Award - Public Consultation • Awards for Excellence - Commercial Waste Management Initiative • Earth Summit 2002 Sustainable Development Awards

Personal Achievement • The Goldman Environmental Prize • BCE Environmental Leadership Award • UNEP Sasakawa Prize Winner • Awards for Excellence - Commercial Recycling Champion • ES Environmental Manager of the Year

KEY TECHNICAL SKILLS • Microsoft Word • Microsoft Excel • Microsoft PowerPoint • Adobe PhotoShop

• Adobe Illustrator • Other computing skills on both Windows and Macintosh

OTHERS

• Languages: Fluent in writing and speaking English, Thai, Chinese, and Japanese. • Easily adapt to change with motivations to work for the very best in every task assigned • Good leadership while at the same time a good follower • A valuable blend of a hands-one team member and critical thinker who can quickly learn new

things, develop useful expertise and produce significant contribution.

PERSONAL INFORMATION Full Name: Suporn Kolsolsirisukkul Address: 1/69 Silom Grand Terrace Soi Saladange2 Silom Bangruk Bangkok 10500 Nationality: Thai Date of Birth: 09 / 11/ 1974 Marital Status: Single Email: [email protected] Telephone: +6682-9383154 Mobile: +6681-4977773 EDUCATION AND QUALIFICATIONS 1998-2000 New York University New York, USA Graduate School of Art & Science,

Ph.D. in Communication Management GPA 3.73 (First Honor achievement) 1996-1998 Stanford University Stanford, USA

Graduate School of Business, Master Degree in Business Administration GPA 3.94 (First Honor achievement)

1992-1996 Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, Thailand Bachelor of Communication Management, GPA 3.85 (First Honor achievement)


Head of Integrated Marketing Communication 2004-2006 Ogilvy & Mather Bangkok, Thailand

Director of Communication Management 2000-2004 TBWA Worldwide New York, USA

Director of Communication Management

AWARDS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS With Why Waste? Waste Management Company

• 2008 Green Awards for Creativity in Sustainability • EDIE Awards in Environmental Excellence • The Green Apple Environment Award for Environment Best Practice

Personal Achievement • 2003 Newspaper Association of America’s Advertiser of the Year • 2004 Best Communication Campaign of the Year- EFFIE

KEY TECHNICAL SKILLS

• Microsoft Word • Microsoft Excel • Microsoft PowerPoint • Adobe PhotoShop • Adobe Illustrator • Other computing skills on both Windows and Macintosh

OTHERS

• Spoken Languages: Fluent in English, Thai, and Chinese. • Able to adapt quickly to different cultures and environments. • Open-minded and a very good coordinator. • Extremely ambitious and self-motivated to achieve beyond the goals set.

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Full Name: Pasorn Saowaratthitada Address: 24 Baraoradchonanee 38 Talingchan Bangkok 10170Nationality: Thai Date of Birth: 27th September 1970 Marital Status: Single Telephone: +6682-9383155 Mobile: +6687-3034862 Email: [email protected] EDUCATION AND QUALIFICATIONS 1998-2001 University of Chicago Illinois, USA Ph.D. in Psychological Development and Behaviors GPA 3.79 (First Honor achievement) 1996-1998 University of Southern California Los Angeles, USA

Master Degree in Psychology, GPA 3.94 (First Honor achievement)

1994-1996 Cleveland State University Cleveland, USA Master Degree in Social Studies GPA 3.76 (First Honor achievement)

1989-1993 Oberlin College Ohio, USA Bachelor Degree in Psychology and Human Behaviors GPA 3.85 (First Honor achievement)

WORK EXPERIENCES 2004-present Why Waste? Waste Management Company Bangkok, Thailand Head of Social Development 2001-2004 STG Media Illinois, USA

Head of Social Management 1999-Present International Social Work Journal

Editorial Board 1998-Present Journal of Law and Social Work Editorial Board AWARDS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS With Why Waste? Waste Management Company

• 2008 Green Awards for Creativity in Sustainability • EDIE Awards in Environmental Excellence • Safer Greener Network Award - Public Consultation • Awards for Excellence - Commercial Waste Management Initiative

KEY TECHNICAL SKILLS

• Microsoft Word • Microsoft Excel • Microsoft PowerPoint • Adobe PhotoShop • Adobe Illustrator • Other computing skills on both Windows and Macintosh

OTHERS

• Languages: Fluent in writing and speaking English, Thai, and Chinese. • Easily adapt to change with motivations to work for the very best in every task assigned • Extensive experience in managing multi-ethnic teams • Self-motivated and easily adapt to different working cultures.

PERSONAL INFORMATION Full Name: Siyanee Srigungvarl Address: 222 Lardprao Road soi 35/1 Chunkasem Jatujuk, Bangkok 10900 Nationality: Thai Date of Birth: 26/05/1980 Marital Status: Married

Telephone: +6682-9383152 Mobile: +6686-5165164 Email: [email protected]

EDUCATION AND QUALIFICATIONS 2002-2005 University of East Anglia Norwich, England Ph.D. in Environmental Management GPA 3.75 (First Honor achievement) 2000-2002 University of Southern California Los Angeles, USA

USC college of Arts and Sciences, Master Degree in Environmental Science, GPA 3.93 (First Honor achievement)

1995-1999 Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, Thailand Environmental Research Institute, Bachelor of Environmental Research and Planning, GPA 3.85 (First Honor achievement)

1990-1995 Harrow International School Bangkok, Thailand (I)GCSEs (1993-1994)s: Chemistry, Biology, Geography, English First Language, Mathematics, Statistics, Business Studies, and Thai First Language.


Head of Waste Management 2005-2007 Eastman Chemical Company Tennessee, USA

Manager of the Plastics Technology and Recycling Department

AWARDS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS With Why Waste? Waste Management Company

• 2008 Green Awards for Creativity in Sustainability • EDIE Awards in Environmental Excellence • The Green Apple Environment Award for Environment Best Practice

Personal Achievement • Awards for Excellence - Commercial Recycling Champion • ES Environmental Manager of the Year

EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES Sports: Tennis, Golf, Scuba diving, Badminton KEY TECHNICAL SKILLS

• Microsoft Word • Microsoft Excel • Microsoft PowerPoint • Adobe PhotoShop • Adobe Illustrator • Adobe Premiere

• Pages • Other computing skills on both Windows and Macintosh

OTHERS

• Spoken Languages: Fluent in English, Thai, and Chinese. • Able to adapt quickly to different cultures and environments. • Open-minded and a very good coordinator. • Extremely ambitious and self-motivated to achieve beyond the goals set.

8.3 Tasks in this project President In this project, the president oversees all employees and departments. She provides a clear leadership as well as responsible for harmonizing all staffs and keeping their morale high. Moreover, she also assures the organization and its mission, programs, products and services are consistently presented in strong, positive image to relevant stakeholders. The president is also responsible for all decision-makings in the campaign, as all staff must report to her before any decision can be made. Vice President Vice president theoretically acts as the president’s secretary. She assists and guides the president but acting as her mentor. The vice president works even closer with all staff members, especially the Directors, and act as a middleman between the president and all employees. She also reviews the performance of Non-executives and keeps them informed on all activities and decision-makings of the president.

Vice president is also responsible for making sure that goals and objectives of the company are met in the given time. Furthermore, she also makes sure that all tasks are done correctly and meets its standards.

Head of IMC Head of IMC also works closely with all departments and act as the heart of the marketing campaign. The department itself studies the market and the target customers, decides the best way to reach these customers. Head of IMC is responsible for all staffs under the department and makes sure that all tasks are complete effectively and timely. The most important role of the head of IMC is to work coordinately with her staffs to create the most effective IMC plans that fit to the target audience and achieve the desired results from them the fullest. Head of Social Development Head of Social Development works closely with the Research and Development department to study and analyze the behaviors of the target consumers to create, as well as improve, the campaign. She also makes sure that the campaign has the right context that suits best with the society Head of Waste Management Head of waste management is responsible for all waste management plans of the whole campaign. She makes sure that all sub-departments are working effectively and management is running continuously. Moreover, she also makes sure that the management plans that is implemented is working effectively and comes up with any changes to help improve the current one.

Head of Research and Development Research and Development is crucial in today’s business world. As so with this or any campaign, research and development must be done before any planning or implementing in order to understand the target consumer/audience. By carrying out research such as surveys and observations, this allows the company to develop a campaign that best suits the target audience. These results are also used as a foundation of any decision-makings in the process of creating the campaign. Research and development also helps us, the company, to explore and understand the market more. Moreover, these results help us update on any changes in the consumer market and thus let us make changes to our product/service in response to those changes. Head of Accounting Head of accounting is responsible for total financial expenditures and expenses of the campaign, as well as the company itself. The Management Accountant also provides financial control and support to the business through financial reporting, planning and advice on business decisions. Because the aim of the campaign is to create an effective campaign at minimum cost, accountants work closely with other departments to have a reasonable view of what various things cost and make sure that they are not overspending. Most importantly, accounting makes sure that the goals of the company/campaign are met at efficient price.