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Peter Newbury Center for Teaching Development UC San Diego ctd.ucsd.edu October 22, 2014
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How (you can help) People Learn 1 (Image by Nesbitt_Photo shared on flickr CC-BY-SA
What do you notice?
What do you wonder?
CTD Weekly Workshops:
Learning Outcomes
Unless otherwise noted, content is
licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-
Non Commercial 3.0 License.
Peter Newbury, Ph.D.
Center for Teaching Development,
University of California, San Diego
@polarisdotca #ctducsd
ctd.ucsd.edu
resources: ctd.ucsd.edu/programs/weekly-workshops-fall-2014/
please
sign in
October 22, 2014
Scholarly approach to teaching:
Learning Outcomes 3
Carl Wieman
Science Education Initiative
cwsei.ubc.ca
What should
students
learn? learning
outcomes
(goals, objectives)
assessment
(Nov 5)
alt to lecture
(Oct 29)
peer instruction,
(Nov 19 & 26)
What should
students
learn?
What are
students
learning?
What instructional
approaches
help students
learn?
(Image: NASA) Learning Outcomes 4
Introductory “Astro 101”
Traditional Course Syllabus Course with Learning
Outcomes
Learning Outcomes 5
This course covers Chapters
1. Mercury
2. Venus
…
8. Neptune
9. other objects
10. Formation of the
Solar System
deduce from patterns in the
properties of the planets,
moons, asteroids and other
bodies that the Solar System
had single formation event.
provide notable examples of
how comets influenced
history, art and science
Learning outcomes
Learning Outcomes 6
completes the sentence, “By this end of this
lesson/unit/course, you will be able to…”
begins with an action verb (“deduce”) (more below)
tells the students what they must do to demonstrate
they “understand” the concept
What is the Value of Course-Specific
Learning Outcomes?
Learning Outcomes 7
Simon & Taylor [1] asked students to complete this
sentence:
For me, the use of learning goals in this course is…
They received 597 responses from students in computer
science and microbiology. Responses were put into
categories that emerged from the responses.
Learning Outcomes 8
Simon & Taylor (2009)
Learning outcomes are valuable to…
Learning Outcomes 9
the students
o reveal what the instructor is looking for (no guessing what “understand” means.)
o big picture of the next part of the course
o allows student to check that s/he has mastered the concept (especially when studying later)
the instructor
o crystallizes what the instructor cares about
o helps the instructor choose questions for peer instruction (“clickers”) in class, write the final exam
choose questions for peer instruction
Learning Outcomes 10 ClassAction http://astro.unl.edu/classaction/
write the final exam
Learning Outcomes 11
(10 marks) List 3 patterns of the Solar System as a
whole. Then, outline in some detail the current model for
the formation of the Solar System. In particular, make sure
you explain how the observed patterns and regularities are
related to this theory of formation.
Teaching to
the test? Yes!
A course should have
Course-level LOs Topic-level LOs
Learning Outcomes 12
several LOs giving big
picture, attitudes,
behaviors
(likely) can’t be assessed
with a single exam
question
supported by many
topic-level LOs
many LOs defining what
it means to “understand”
at this level (freshman,…)
can be (should be)
repeatedly assessed on
homework, exams
support one or more
course-level LOs
Topic-level
LO
Topic-level
LO
Topic-
level LO
Course-level LO #4
Learning Outcomes 13
Course-level LO #2
Course-level LO #3 Course-level
learning outcome (LO) #1
Topic-level
LO Topic-level
LO
Topic-level
LO
Topic-level
LO
Topic-level
LO
Topic-level
LO
Topic-level
LO Topic-level
LO
Topic-
level LO
Topic-
level LO
Topic-
level LO
Topic-
level LO
Topic-
level LO Topic-
level LO
Topic-
level LO
Topic-level
LO Topic-level
learning outcome
sync your LOs see ASTR 310 handout
Writing topic-level LOs
Learning Outcomes 14
Writing learning outcomes is hard because you have to
recognize
declare
(admit)
what you want your students to be capable of doing.
A good start is picking the verb describing the
action the students will perform to demonstrate their
mastery of the concept.
Bloom’s Taxonomy [2,3]
Learning Outcomes 15
transform or combine ideas to create something new think critically about and defend a position
break down concepts into parts
apply comprehension to unfamiliar situations demonstrate understanding of ideas and concepts
remember and recall factual information
6 Create
5 Evaluate
4 Analyze
3 Apply
2 Understand
1 Remember
Bloom’s Taxonomy [2,3]
Learning Outcomes 16
higher order thinking
lower order thinking
6 Create
5 Evaluate
4 Analyze
3 Apply
2 Understand
1 Remember
Bloom’s Taxonomy Verbs
Learning Outcomes 17
develop, create, propose, formulate, design, invent
judge, appraise, recommend, justify, defend, criticize, evaluate
compare, contrast, categorize, distinguish, identify, infer
apply, demonstrate, use, compute, solve, predict, construct, modify
describe, explain, summarize, interpret, illustrate
define, list, state, label, name, describe
6 Create
5 Evaluate
4 Analyze
3 Apply
2 Understand
1 Remember
Driver’s Ed 101: How to Drive in CA
Learning Outcomes 18
Task: Write a learning outcome
that your group’s question assesses.
(refer to Wieman handout
for Bloom’s Taxonomy verbs)
1. “Back-engineer” LOs from exams
Learning Outcomes 19
Use last year’s (or several years’) final exam. For each good
question, ask yourself
What is this question assessing? What is the learning
outcome I want students to demonstrate to properly
answer this question?
Is that the outcome I want, or is it too low (or high)?
When you have a list of LOs,
Does it cover everything I want for this course?
Have I over- or under-represented any concepts?
2. Draft LOs from course outline
Learning Outcomes 20
Work your way through the list of topics. For each topic,
decide
What do I want students to be able to do, to
demonstrate they “get” this topic?
Don’t worry about drafting too many low-level LOs.
When you revise, you’ll start grouping them into
higher-level LOs.
Share your LOs with your students
Learning Outcomes 21
(good) Publish your LOs as part of your syllabus.
(better) Publish them in your syllabus AND include relevant learning goals in your lecture slides at the beginning of each topic, even each class.
Be wary of reading them aloud: your students may not yet have the knowledge (or jargon) to appreciate the LOs. The LOs will be there when they study.
Don’t worry about “spoon-feeding” them – help the students do exactly what you feel demonstrates understanding
Scholarly approach to teaching:
Learning Outcomes 22
Carl Wieman
Science Education Initiative
cwsei.ubc.ca
What should
students
learn? learning
outcomes
(goals, objectives)
assessment
(Nov 5)
alt to lecture
(Oct 29)
peer instruction,
(Nov 19 & 26)
What should
students
learn?
What are
students
learning?
What instructional
approaches
help students
learn?
CTD Weekly Workshops:
Learning Outcomes
Unless otherwise noted, content is
licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-
Non Commercial 3.0 License.
Peter Newbury, Ph.D.
Center for Teaching Development,
University of California, San Diego
@polarisdotca #ctducsd
ctd.ucsd.edu
resources: ctd.ucsd.edu/programs/weekly-workshops-fall-2014/
please
sign in
October 22, 2014
References
Learning Outcomes 24
1. Simon, B., & Taylor, J. (2009). What is the Value of Course-Specific Learning Goals? Journal of
College Science Teaching, 39, 2, 52-57. PDF available at
www.cwsei.ubc.ca/SEI_research/files/LifeSci/Simon_Taylor_ValueOfCourseSpecificLG.pdf
2. Bloom B. S. (1956). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Handbook I: The Cognitive Domain. New York:
David McKay Co Inc.
Adapted from Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (2001). A Taxonomy for Learning. Teaching,
and assessing: A revision of bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives.
Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy www.celt.iastate.edu/teaching/RevisedBlooms1.html
3. Excerpt from Wieman, C. (2007). Slides from the Wieman Learning Goals Workshop.
www.cwsei.ubc.ca/resources/learn_goals.htm
4. California DMV Sample Class C Written Test 5
www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/interactive/tdrive/clc6written.htm
6 Create: transform and combine ideas to create something new
develop, create, propose, formulate, design, invent
5 Evaluate: think critically about and defend a position
judge, appraise, recommend, justify, defend, criticize, evaluate
4 Analyze:: break down concepts into parts
compare, contrast, categorize, distinguish, identify, infer
3 Apply: apply comprehension to unfamiliar situations
apply, demonstrate, use, compute, solve, predict, construct, modify
2 Understand: demonstrate understanding of ideas, concepts
describe, explain, summarize, interpret, illustrate
1 Remember: remember and recall factual knowledge
define, list, state, label, name, describe
Bloom’s Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain
(Levels of Learning)
Learning Outcomes Center for Teaching Development ctd.ucsd.edu
Adapted from Carl Wieman (2007) www.cwsei.ubc.ca/resources/learn_goals.htm