CRP6: Forests, Trees and Agroforestry: livelihoods, landscapes and governance

CRP6: Forests, Trees and Agroforestry: livelihoods, landscapes and

governance

ICRAF’s GRP6 and CIFOR’s Domain 4 form the primary basis for CRP6.3:

Exploiting synergy, Reducing overlap, Stimulating healthy debat where we differ in perceptions & experience

Building on and adding value toCIFOR Domain 4 + ICRAF GRP 6

Landscape Mosaics projectIn 5 countries

Sustainable Rural Development through High Value Biocarbon Approaches: Building Multifunctio-nal Landscapes and Institutions in West and East AfricaSupported by Finland

Sustainable Sulawesi

Supported by CIDA

Building on a joint history:

Approval expected soon Recently approved

Asia, Africa, L.America; Biodi-versity work coordinated by CIFOR: integration lead by ICRAF

W.Africa

Starting new joint projects:

Component 3: Landscape management for environmental services, biodiversity conservation and livelihoods

1. Understanding drivers of forest transition2. Understanding the consequences of forest transition

for environmental services and livelihoods3. Learning landscapes: dynamics of multifunctionality

CRP6 -- Forests, Trees and Agroforestry: livelihoods, landscapes and governance

Forest and tree cover transitions: a unifying concept across CRP6

Temporal pattern

Spatial pattern

Institutional challenge

X-linkage of actions in landscape

ilding

Improving Livelihoods, Env.Serv. & Governance

Landscape management options

1. Pro-duc-tion

sys-tems

3. Env.Ser- vi –

ces

4. Adap-ting & redu-

cing emis-sions

2. Con-ser-va-

tion and use

------ Livelihoods in context ------

Global actors and value chains

Drivers Tree cover transitions & forest quality

Local

External

5. Tra-de & in-

vest-ment

Institutions, gender, capacity strengthening & partnerships

.

The 5 components of CRP6 share common goals and networked impact pathways

http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol16/iss1/resp1/

http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol16/iss1/resp1/

SLO4. Sustainable management of natural resources

• Recognition by govern-ment agencies and in public debate of tree cover and forest transi-tions as a basis for realistic land use and development planning and institutional reform of land use regulation

Theme 6.3.1. Understanding patterns and drivers of forest (tree cover) transition in decline and restoration phases

Recognition by government agencies and in public debate of tree cover and forest transitions as a basis for realistic land use and development planning and institutional reform of land use regulation

Policy documents use quantitative tree cover criteria and multiple forest types, rather than merely binary 'deforestation/ reforestation' dataCRP6 tools and approaches to multi-layered driver analysis are adopted for internatio-nal/ national/ local policy development

Institutional support and interest in Agroforestry Policy Initiative and Forest Landscape Restoration efforts

Theme-level Outcome Verifiable indicator

The holistic forest+tree view of the world

Source: Global tree cover inside and outside forest, according to the Global Land Cover 2000 dataset, the FAO spatial data on farms versus forest, and the analysis by Zomer et al. (2009)

>

1. Undisturbed natural forest 2. Undisturbed + sust. logged natural forest 3. Closed canopy undisturbed + logged forest 4A. as 3 + agroforest 4B. as 3 + timber plantations 4C. as 3 + agroforest + timber plant’s + estate crops 4D as 4C + shrub

Rainforest foundation

Conservation agency

Modis data

Ministry of ForestryForest ecologist

UNFCCC definition

Stakeholder:

In the 1990’s loss of natural cover increased the amount of ‘low C-stock’/low economic value land; tree (crop) planting was 28% of the loss of natural forest area

After 2000 planting of tree (crop)s equals 90% of concurrent loss of natural forest; the amount of low C-stock/low economic value land decreases

Integrate Segregate

Farm fo-restry,

agrofo-rests

Natural forest

Fields, Forests & Parks

Open field agriculture

Plan

tatio

ns

Fiel

ds,fa

llow

, for

est m

osai

c

forest modification

agroforestation

re

- and

affo

rest

ation

defo

rest

ation

Coarsening of pattern: segregate


• Local resource managers in tree-based multiple use land-scapes use cost-effective and replicable tools and ap-proaches to appraise likely impacts of changes in landuse on watershed functions, bio-diversity and carbon stocks as well as on the economic productivity of the landscape

Theme 6.3.2. Understanding consequences of tree cover transi-tion for livelihoods, environmental goods and services & adaptive policy


• Land use planners and practioners use principles and methods resulting in clearer and more transparent recognition of conservation and develpment tradeoffs in land and rights allocation, as well as adjustments to economic incentives

Theme 6.3.2. Understanding consequences of tree cover transi-tion for livelihoods, environmental goods and services & adaptive policy


Local resource managers in tree-based multiple use landscapes use cost-effective and replicable tools and approaches to appraise likely impacts of changes in landuse on watershed functions, biodiversity and carbon stocks as well as on the economic productivity of the landscape

Documented use of tools and approaches developed, tested and/or promoted by CRP6 partners

Land use planners and practioners use principles and methods resulting in clearer and more transparent recognition of conservation and develpment tradeoffs in land and rights allocation, as well as adjustments to economic incentives

Documented appli-cation of parti-cipatory land use planning for forest margin settings, integrated with tenurial reform

1

0 1

Degradation branch

Restoration branch

Hysteresis domain

Relative C stock

Rel

ativ

e bi

odoi

vers

ity

Forests beyond C stocks: how do tree species richness and C stock relate at plot

level?

Early ASB data Indonesian NFI dataset(Murdiyarso et al., 2002 Dewi et al., in prep)

Crop pro-duction

Tree pro-duction

Watershedservices

BiodiversityLandscape

beauty

Carbon storage

Pcrop Ptree Cstore Wsh Biod Land

Convex likely

Concave likely

No preference

Synergies be-tween functions


• Local and external stakehol-ders negotiate and have access to a range of condi-tional and performance-based arrangements that support the provision and maintenance of environmen-tal services and biodiversity in productive landscapes

Theme 6.3.3. Actively learning landscapes where innovative response and policy options are being tested


• Opportunities for win-win solutions in restoration contexts are fully used, while the hard tradeoffs are recognised and contest over them is replaced by negotiation

Theme 6.3.3. Actively learning landscapes where innovative response and policy options are being tested


Local and external stakehol-ders negotiate and have access to a range of conditional and performance-based arrange-ments that support the provi-sion and maintenance of envi-ronmental services and biodi-versity in productive landscapes

National policy formu-lation and new action re-search undertakings refer to multiple PES paradigms that were derived from RUPES and PRESA experience

Opportunities for win-win solutions in restoration contexts are fully used, while the hard tradeoffs are recognised and contest over them is replaced by negotiation

Documented progress on tenure reform and nego-tiated joint management regimes in conservation and restoration contexts, that refer to CRP6 approaches and results

Where would you like to see more trees?

Participatory resource mapping followed by simulation board game with agents of change: seeking contracts for logging or oilpalm conversion, or agreements on forest protection and ecolabelling

(Pho

togr

aphs

: Gra

ce V

illam

or)

Effor

t to

prot

ect/

enha

nce

ES

External financial rewards0 low medium high

Baseline

Schematic results of ES experimentNoMediumStrong loss of social motivation

Hypothesis of PES replacing social motivation to protect ES

Price condition for inter-genera-tional increase in altruism:

( )+( )( )> 0IndividualBenefits -

Costs

Social cohe-sion

GroupBenefits -

Costs

Loss of sociall cohesion (‘relatedness’) term implies shift from group to indi-vidual ‘benefit – cost’ considerations

http://www.asb.cgiar.org/





CGIAR Strategic Results Framework (SRF)SLO1. Reducing

rural poverty SLO2. Increasing food security

SLO3. Improving nutrition and health


Measurables include increased income from farm and non-farm activities, per-mitting investment in health, education and other poverty-redu-cing activities.

Measurables include changing levels of production, price and access to affordable food by the urban and rural poor.

Measurables incluide metrics of healthy growth, particularly in children, and dietary intake, nutrient up-take and consequent health effects.

Measurables are resource use per unit of production, resto-ration and conserva-tion of ecosystem services and reduced impacts of climatic change & shocks.

CRP6.1 helps redu-cing rural poverty, through tree-based livelihoods; it includes poverty in forest mar-gins and of forest-dependent peopleCRP6.4 includes rural vulnerability to cli-mate change

CRP6.5 looks at ‘ex-tensification’ and economic investment in agriculture and forestry as a driver of tree cover transitions.CRP6.1 contributes agroforestry techno-logies for food pro-duction

CRP6.1 (supported by 6.2) has attention to fruit trees and medici-nals in various stages of domestication, as contributor to nutri-tional quality and health management

CRP6.2 and CRP6.3 focus on resource (biodiversity) conser-vation and ecosystem servicesCRP6.4 researches ecosystem-based adaptive responses and REDD financing

Enlighten- Decision Negotiation ment support support No imme- Single deci- Multiple stakeholders diate use sionmaker Politics of K claims

Single

Multi-ple

This should be the default assumption

Thanks

details of the planned are available on file…

CRP 6.3.1 Output targets• 6.3.1.1 Empirical data sets of quantitative and qualitative tree

cover transitions across major …• 6.3.1.2 Empirical data on changes in spatial pattern of tree cover

within landscapes in relation to segre.. • 6.3.1.3 Methods for monitoring and quantifying tree cover

refined and linked to data uncertainty • 6.3.1.4 Proximate and ultimate drivers of land use and tree cover

change: inference from spatial…• 6.3.1.5 Policy levers and negotiation opportunities to influence

drivers of tree cover transitions, rehabilitation and/or agroforestry transformation

CRP 6.3.2 Output targets• 6.3.2.1 Tools for and case studies of quantifying buffering of water

flows and other hydrological ES..• 6.3.2.2 Tools for and case studies of understanding biodiversity-

based environmental services across.. 6.3.2.3 Not just carbon? Quantified tradeoffs be-tween C stocks and other environmental services.. 6.3.2.4 Gender, age and wealth-specific apprecia-tion of tree cover transitions in relation to demo- ..

• 6.3.2.5 Tested tools and governance mechanisms for adaptive landscape management of ecology-

• 6.3.2.6 Policies for the agriculture-forestry interface and strategies for sustaining food security, ecologi-..

CRP 6.3.3 Output targets• 6.3.3.1 Network of ‘active learning landscapes’ on RES/PES

mechanisms maintained and enhanced• 6.3.3.2 Synthesis from action research sites, identi-fying

principles, methods and processes for advan..• 6.3.3.3 Identification of improved modalities and

approaches to effectively support conservation in.. 6.3.3.4 Participatory models for reserve manage-ment: resource use rights, threats to targeted … 6.3.3.5 Impact studies testing assumptions of the CRP6.3 theory of change and output-outcome-impact pathways.

Education

CRP6: Forests, Trees and Agroforestry: livelihoods, landscapes and governance