CROSS CULTURAL DIVERSITY

CULTURE- A group which shapes a

person’s values and identity. Cultural identities can stem from the following differences: Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Class,

Religion, Country/Origin, Geographic Location.

Strategies for Teaching Culturally Diverse Students

Instructional Strategies1. Use a variety of instructional strategies and learning activities.2. Consider students' cultures and language skills when developing learning objectives and instructional

activities.

Strategies for Teaching Culturally Diverse Students

Instructional Strategies

3. Incorporate objectives for affective and personal development.

4. Communicate expectations.5. Use advance and post organizers.

Strategies for Teaching Culturally Diverse Students

Instructional Strategies6. Facilitate independence in thinking

and action.7. Promote student on-task behavior.8. Monitor students' academic progress during lessons and independent work9. Provide frequent feedback and

require mastery.

What Teachers Need • Socio Cultural

Teachers have an awareness of and understanding of the impact of social, cultural and historical influences on learning and behavior, ideas of social justice.

• Affirmative AttitudeTeachers understand the impact of teacher expectation, developing caring relationships, ongoing reflection, respect for student/family/community cultures, and commitment to issues of equity on teaching, learning, and behavior.

What Teachers Need • Collaborative Skill

Teachers have the skills to collaborate and problem solve with students, families, communities,

and other professionals, and to understand their own areas of influence within the larger educational and social systems.

• Pedagogy DiversityTeachers have specific knowledge and skills

around culturally responsive instructional, accommodation/modification, management, assessment, and curricular strategies and resources.

(Voltz, 2007)

How can teachers promote positive cross-cultural attitudes and

behaviors among students?

Teachers can promote positive cross-cultural attitudes by making sure that students have positive experiences with one another and interact successfully, especially in the partner language.

MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION

-is an approach to teaching and learning that is based upon democratic values and beliefs, and seeks to foster cultural pluralism within culturally diverse societies and an interdependent world. (Christine I. Bennett, 1995)

Permeates all aspects of school practices, policies and organization as a means to ensure the highest levels of academic achievement for all students.

It helps students develop a positive self-concept by providing knowledge about the histories, cultures, and contributions of diverse groups.

It prepares all students to work actively toward structural equality in organizations and institutions by providing the knowledge, dispositions, and skills for the redistribution of power and income among diverse groups.

APPROACHES TOMulticultural Education

James A. Banks

The Contributions ApproachThis is incorporated by selecting books and

activities that celebrate holidays, heroes, and special

events from various cultures.

The Additive ApproachIn this approach content, concepts, themes, and

perspectives are added. This involves incorporating literature by about people from diverse cultures.

The Transformation ApproachThis approach encourages students to view concepts,

issues, themes, and problems from several ethnic perspectives and points of view.

The Social Action ApproachThis approach combines the transformation approach

with activities to strive for social change. Students are not only instructed to understand and question social

issues, but to also do something about important about it.

Levels of

Integration

Level 4: Social ActionStudents make decision about their world and

become directly involved in social action.

Level 3: TransformationStudents see the world from the different perspectives of

various groups.

Level 2: AdditiveSpecial units and topics

about various groups are added , incorporating

literature.

Level 1: ContributionHeroes, holidays and food

become a special focus on a particular day, recognizing the contributions of various

groups.