CROSS-COUNTRY RACESCROSS-COUNTRY RACES

SeasonSeason The VenueThe Venue Designing the CourseDesigning the Course The CourseThe Course DistancesDistances The StartThe Start Drinking/Sponging and Refreshment StationsDrinking/Sponging and Refreshment Stations Mountain RacesMountain Races

Cross-Country RunningCross-Country Running Is a Is a sport in which runners compete to complete a course in which runners compete to complete a course

over open or rough terrain. It differs from over open or rough terrain. It differs from road running or or track running principally in the course, which may include principally in the course, which may include grass, mud, , mud, woodlandswoodlands, and water. It is a popular , and water. It is a popular participatory sport, and usually takes place in temperate participatory sport, and usually takes place in temperate regions during the autumn and winter when soft conditions regions during the autumn and winter when soft conditions underfoot prevail.underfoot prevail.

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TempatTempat Litar mestilah direka bentuk pada sebuah Litar mestilah direka bentuk pada sebuah

kawasan yang terbuka atau belukar, yang kawasan yang terbuka atau belukar, yang sedapat-dapatnya dilitupi rumput, dengan sedapat-dapatnya dilitupi rumput, dengan halangan semula jadi, yang boleh halangan semula jadi, yang boleh digunakan oleh pereka litar untuk digunakan oleh pereka litar untuk membina litar yang mencabar dan membina litar yang mencabar dan menarik. menarik.

SEASONSEASON

Should normally extend throughout the Should normally extend throughout the winter winter monthsmonths after the close of the track and field after the close of the track and field season.These events are also used for preparing season.These events are also used for preparing the athletes for the normal Track & Field the athletes for the normal Track & Field season ahead.season ahead.

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Mereka Bentuk LaluanMereka Bentuk Laluan Dalam perlumbaan yang ada ramai Dalam perlumbaan yang ada ramai

peserta, ruang yang kecil atau halangan peserta, ruang yang kecil atau halangan lain yang akan menafikan peserta lain yang akan menafikan peserta membuat larian tanpa kekangan haruslah membuat larian tanpa kekangan haruslah dielakkan bagi 1,500m yang pertama. dielakkan bagi 1,500m yang pertama.

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Mereka Bentuk LaluanMereka Bentuk Laluan Selain kawasan permulaan dan penamat, Selain kawasan permulaan dan penamat,

litar tidak harus mengandung mana-mana litar tidak harus mengandung mana-mana jalan lurus yang panjang. Sebuah litar jalan lurus yang panjang. Sebuah litar yang “semula jadi”, berbalam-balam, yang “semula jadi”, berbalam-balam, dengan selekoh yang lancar dan jalan dengan selekoh yang lancar dan jalan lurus yang pendek, adalah yang paling lurus yang pendek, adalah yang paling baik. baik.

VENUEVENUE

The course must be designed on an The course must be designed on an open open oror woodland areawoodland area, covered as much as possible , covered as much as possible by by grassgrass, with , with natural obstaclesnatural obstacles ( (small hills, small hills, rough terrain and water jumpsrough terrain and water jumps) which can be ) which can be used by course designer to build a challenging used by course designer to build a challenging and interesting race course.and interesting race course.

The The running arearunning area must be must be wide enoughwide enough to to accommodate all the athletes to run openly accommodate all the athletes to run openly and also to include all the necessary facilities.and also to include all the necessary facilities.

DESIGNING THE COURSEDESIGNING THE COURSE

A A course loopcourse loop must be designed, with the loop must be designed, with the loop measuring between measuring between 1750m1750m and and 2000m2000m..

It is recommended that each long loop should have a It is recommended that each long loop should have a total ascenttotal ascent of at least of at least 10m10m..

Existing natural obstacles shall be used if possible. Existing natural obstacles shall be used if possible. However, very high obstacles should be avoided, as However, very high obstacles should be avoided, as should should deep ditchesdeep ditches, , dangerous ascents/descentsdangerous ascents/descents..

It’s preferable that It’s preferable that artificial obstaclesartificial obstacles should not be should not be used but if such use is unavoidable they should be made used but if such use is unavoidable they should be made to simulate natural obstacles.to simulate natural obstacles.

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LaluanLaluan Laluan harus ditandai dengan pita pada Laluan harus ditandai dengan pita pada

kedua-dua sisi.kedua-dua sisi. Satu koridor 1 m lebarnya dibuat di Satu koridor 1 m lebarnya dibuat di

sebelah laluan untuk kegunaan pegawai sebelah laluan untuk kegunaan pegawai dan media.dan media.

Laluan haruslah 5 m lebarnya, kecuali di Laluan haruslah 5 m lebarnya, kecuali di permulaan dan penamatpermulaan dan penamat

THE COURSETHE COURSE

The course shall be clearly marked with tapes on both sides. It is The course shall be clearly marked with tapes on both sides. It is recommended that all along one side of the course, a recommended that all along one side of the course, a 1m wide 1m wide corridorcorridor, heavily fenced from the outside of the course, shall be , heavily fenced from the outside of the course, shall be installed for the use of the installed for the use of the organizersorganizers andand media personnelmedia personnel only. only.

Crucial areas must be fencedCrucial areas must be fenced; in particular the ; in particular the start areastart area (including the warm-up and the call room area) and (including the warm-up and the call room area) and finish areafinish area..

The The general publicgeneral public shall be allowed to cross the course in the shall be allowed to cross the course in the early early stagesstages of the race at well organized cross-over points, of the race at well organized cross-over points, marshaled marshaled by stewardsby stewards..

It is recommended that apart from the start and finish areas, the It is recommended that apart from the start and finish areas, the course be a width of course be a width of 5m5m, including the obstacle areas., including the obstacle areas.

DISTANCESDISTANCES

IAAF World Cross Country Championships should be IAAF World Cross Country Championships should be approximately:approximately:

Senior Men:Senior Men: Long Course 12kmLong Course 12km Senior Women:Senior Women: Long Course 8kmLong Course 8km Junior Men:Junior Men: Long Course 8km Long Course 8km Junior Women:Junior Women: Long CourseLong Course 6km6km

THE STARTTHE START

Shall be started by firing of a gun. The Shall be started by firing of a gun. The commands and procedure for races longer than commands and procedure for races longer than 400m shall be used – which is: “400m shall be used – which is: “On Your On Your MarksMarks”!”!

In international races, In international races, five- minfive- min, , three-minthree-min and and one-minute warningsone-minute warnings shall be given. shall be given.

Departure boxesDeparture boxes shall be provided and the shall be provided and the members of each team shall be lined up behind members of each team shall be lined up behind each other at the start of the race.each other at the start of the race.

DESIGNING THE COURSE cont….DESIGNING THE COURSE cont….

In races where there are large number of athletes, narrow In races where there are large number of athletes, narrow gaps or other hindrances which would deny the athletes gaps or other hindrances which would deny the athletes unhampered run shall be avoided for the unhampered run shall be avoided for the first 1500mfirst 1500m..

Crossing of roadsCrossing of roads or any kind of or any kind of macadamized surfacesmacadamized surfaces shall be avoidedshall be avoided or at least or at least kept to a minimumkept to a minimum..

Apart from the start and finish areas, the course Apart from the start and finish areas, the course must not must not contain any other long straightcontain any other long straight. A “. A “naturalnatural”, undulating ”, undulating course with course with smooth curvessmooth curves and and short straightshort straight, is most , is most suitable.suitable.

DRINKING & SPONGINGDRINKING & SPONGINGSTATIONSSTATIONS

WaterWater and other suitable and other suitable refreshmentsrefreshments shall be shall be available at the start & finish of all races.available at the start & finish of all races.

For all events, a For all events, a drinking/sponging stationsdrinking/sponging stations shall be provided every lap, if weather shall be provided every lap, if weather conditions warrant such provision.conditions warrant such provision.

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Stesyen Minuman / Pembasahan danStesyen Minuman / Pembasahan dan

Minuman SegarMinuman Segar Air dan minuman segar lain yang sesuai harus Air dan minuman segar lain yang sesuai harus

disediakan di tempat permulaan dan penamat disediakan di tempat permulaan dan penamat semua perlumbaan. Bagi semua perlumbaan, semua perlumbaan. Bagi semua perlumbaan, satu stesyen minuman/ pembasahan harus satu stesyen minuman/ pembasahan harus disediakan bagi setiap pusingan, jika keadaan disediakan bagi setiap pusingan, jika keadaan cuaca menuntut bekalan sedemikiancuaca menuntut bekalan sedemikian

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Pengiraan SkorPengiraan Skor Pada akhir perlumbaan, hakim-hakim akan Pada akhir perlumbaan, hakim-hakim akan

menentukan kedudukan peserta yang dikira bagi menentukan kedudukan peserta yang dikira bagi setiap pasukan yang bertanding, campurkan dan setiap pasukan yang bertanding, campurkan dan pasukan yang mendapat agregat terendah akan pasukan yang mendapat agregat terendah akan diisytiharkan menangdiisytiharkan menang

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Pengiraan SkorPengiraan Skor Semasa menentukan agregat, kedudukan mana-Semasa menentukan agregat, kedudukan mana-

mana peserta yang tidak menyumbang kepada mana peserta yang tidak menyumbang kepada skor dan pelumba individu dimansuhkan dan skor dan pelumba individu dimansuhkan dan kedudukan peserta berikutnya diubah suai kedudukan peserta berikutnya diubah suai dengan sewajarnyadengan sewajarnya

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Pengiraan SkorPengiraan Skor Jika seri, ia harus diselesaikan dengan kelebihan Jika seri, ia harus diselesaikan dengan kelebihan

kepada pasukan yang anggota yang kepada pasukan yang anggota yang menyumbang skor menamatkan perlumbaan menyumbang skor menamatkan perlumbaan lebih hampir kepada tempat pertamalebih hampir kepada tempat pertama

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Pengiraan Skor (4 pelari dikira)Pengiraan Skor (4 pelari dikira)

PSKPSKKedudukan PelariKedudukan Pelari

MataMata KEDKED11 22 33 44 55 66

JapanJapan 22 66 77 1414 2121 2222

ChinaChina 33 55 1010 1111 2020 --

IndiaIndia 44 88 1313 1515 1919 2424

M’siaM’sia 11 99 1212 -- -- --

ThaiThai 1616 1717 1818 2323 -- --

2929

2929

4040

6464 44

33

11

22

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