Who or what would you die for?

EUROPE IN CRISIS:THE Wars of Religion

A Divided Europe!

What do you notice about these five religions?

7-1 French Wars of religion• 1560- Calvinism & Catholicism confrontational• trying to- win people to their “team”• Also- economic, social, political probs.

French Wars of Religion• King- persecuted Prot.• Huguenots- French Prot. (Calvin)

– Only 7% of pop. – But almost 50% nobility, House of Bourbon– Cath. Out #ed Hug. & Valois monarch Cath.– Other factors townspeople supported

nobles in fight against King

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

Pg. 211

Henry of Navarre

• Leader of Hug. & part of BourbonDynasty• 1589- succeed throne Henry IV• Realized- wouldn’t be accepted as a Prot

so converted to Cath.• 1594- crowned King• Issued- Edict of Nantes which recog.

Cath. as official religion but gave Hug. the right to worship and be involved in politics

Spain Philip II & Militant Cath.

• King Philip II great support of militant Cath.

• 1556-1598• Age of Political & Cultural

greatness in SP.• 1st goal- unite SP., Netherlands,

possessions in Italy & Americas• Insisted- on strict conformity to

Cath. and King’s power• Nicknamed “Most Catholic King”

• SP Netherlands (Netherlands & Belgium)– Richest $$ part of empire– Nobles resented- lost of privileges– Opposed Philip– Philip tried to crush Cal. in Netherlands– 1566 Cal. Nobles destroy statues in

Cath. churches– Philip sent 10,000 troops– Dutch led by William the Silent

(Orange)– 1609- Truce called

• N. prov. Called United Provinces of the Netherlands

• 1598- Philip’s reign ended

• SP most populous empire

• seemed to be a “superpower”

• Reality- not the power it appeared to be– Treasury- bankrupt– Army- outdated– Govt- inefficient

• England & France real “superpowers”

What is the definition of a “superpower” today?

Is the U.S. a “super power” or do we just look like one?

SuperPower?• A superpower is a state with a leading position in the

international system and the ability to influence events and project power on a worldwide scale.

• After the Cold War, the most common belief held is that only the U.S. fulfills the criteria to be considered a superpower

• Matter of debate if the U.S. is losing its superpower status, or whether it is currently a superpower at all.

• China, the European Union, and to some extent India and Russia are also thought to have the potential of achieving superpower status within the 21st century. – Wikipedia

GAME TIME!

Get into groups

One sheet a paper for group

One person to write for group

Queen Elizabeth’s Problemsand tell them what they’ll win……..

Their HEAD!!

The England of Elizabeth

• Eliz Tudor took throne 1558• During reign- Eng became leader of Prot nations

& begin to transform into a world empire• Repealed -laws favoring Cath.• Act of Sup.- Eliz head of church & govt• Church of Eng.- moderate Prot.• Feared- war would be bad for Eng and own rule• Tried to keep FR & SP from becoming to

powerful and supported the weaker one.

The Queen’s Pirate

• Allowed Francis Drake (Privateer) - to plunder SP ships in Caribbean after gold & silver

• Philip II- thought about invading Eng.• Successful invasion- restore Cath.• 1588- ordered an armada (fleet of

warships)• Outdated ships no match for Eng. • Many ships sank on way home

Spanish Armada

Compare/Contrast

Philip II

B (2)

Henry of Navarre

A (4)

Elizabeth Tudor

C (2)

D (1)

E (1)

•Protestant

•Catholic

•Converted to Cath.

•Supported Militant Cath.

•Moderate Policies

•Cath. State Religion

•Gave Huguenots Rights

•Moderate

•Kept Cath. as State Re.

•Moderate in Re. & Pol.

AnswersHenry of Navarre

1. conv. Cath.

2. moderate

3. Kept Cath. State rel.

4. Gave Hug. rights

Elizabeth Tudor1. Protestant2. Moderate in rel. & pol.

Philip II1. Catholic2. Supported Mil. Cath.

Henry & Philip

1. Catholicism state rel.

Henry & Elizabeth1. Moderate policies

U.S. NATIONAL DEBT CLOCK

• as of 09 Sep 2008:

•

• The estimated population of the United States is 304,692,871so each citizen's share of this debt is $31,755.97.

So why don’t we just print more money???

7-2 Social Crisis, War & Revolution

• 1560-1650 severe eco. & social crisis in EU

• 1 big prob. – inflation (rising prices)– 1. flood of gold & silver from Americas– 2. growing pop. $ land & food

• 1600- Eco. Slowdown

• 1640- SP eco. Failing dependent on silver– Mines less silver (Pirates)

• Italy- also declining

• 1500- 60 million

• 1600- 85 million

• 1620- pop. Leveled off

• 1650- declining– Warfare, plague & famine

Witchcraft trails

• Witchcraft- magic• Rel. zeal- that led to Inq.

extended to witchcraft• More than- 100,000

charged• Targeted- common, poor • 75%- women• Most- single, over 50• Under- intense torture

they’d confess• 1650- W/C hysteria

lessened

30 years war

Peace of Augsburg??

Pg. 175

• Calvinism not recog. by peace settlement

• Begin- 1618 In- HRE

• btw- Cath. Hapsburg & Prot. Bohemia nobles

• Soon- became a political conflict

30 Years War cont.

• Cardinal Richelieu- Louis XIII’s adviser

• Had Cath. FR- join Prot. Sweden in fight against Cath. Haps.

• Most- destructive conflict• All major- battles fought in

Germany (1/3 pop. ½ $)• 1648- Peace of Westphalia

ends war

• FR- emerged a dominate nation

• Peace stated- all Ger. States (inc. Cal.) could choose religion

• Brought end- HRE

German Pike Square

pg. 218

7-2B English civil war

• Struggle- between King & Parliament– Determine what role each should play

• 1603- Queen Elizabeth dies

• Tudor- dynasty ends

• Stuart- dynasty begins– James I = King of Scotland

• Believed- in divine right of kings• Parl. assumed- they would rule Eng. w/ King

Stewart Dynasty Clashes with Parliament

• Puritans- English influenced by Calvin– Didn’t like King defending Church of

Eng.– Wished Church of Eng. was more Prot.– Pur. gentry made up House of

Commons

• Charles I- – Also believed in divine right of kings– 1628 Parl. passed law concerning taxes

• initially Charles accepted law• later he changes his mind/ understands

he loses some of his power• tried to impose more ritual on Church of

Eng. (move angered Prot. more)

Charles I w/ son

• to Puritans- this was a return to Cath. practices– 1000s head for the Americas

• 1642- civil war– Btw- King (supporters) & Parl. (supporters)

• Cavaliers – Supported Kings• Roundheads- Supported Parl.

vs

• Parl.- victorious • Oliver Cromwell- military genius

– Created New Model Army– Made up of Extreme Puritans– Known as Independents

• Cromwell purged- Parl. of non-supporters– Jan. 30, 1649 executed Charles I– Abolished the Monarchy & House of

Lords– Declared Eng. republic / Commonwealth– Set up military dictatorship

Cromwell, Charles II & John Locke

The Restoration• 1658- Cromwell dies

• Parl- restored monarchy– Charles II crowned king

• Sympathetic- to Cath.• Brother- James

– Was a Catholic

• Parl intro.- Exclusion Bill– Would have barred James– Created pol parties

• 1. Whigs (wanted to excluded James)• 2. Torries (did not want to interfere)

• 1681- Charles dismisses Parl.

• 1685- Charles dies

• James II- Catholic crowned king– Named Cath. to high gov’t positions – Parl. objected to his actions– 1688 James has a son

• Possibility of a Catholic monarchy

Glorious Revolution

• William of Orange- James’ son-in-law– Invited by Eng. Nobles to save the people from their

King• 1688- “invaded” England

– James let with his wife & son (no bloodshed)• Jan 1689- King William & Queen Mary

– Accepted throne & Bill of Rights• Set Parl. had right make laws & tax• Stated armies can only be raised w/ permission of Parl.• Helped create “rule of law” in England• Laid foundation Constitutional Monarchy

• Toleration Act of 1689 – free worship

Glorious Revolution and the English Bill of Rights

7-2B Review1. What provoked England s first Civil War?

2. John Locke believed all of the following EXCEPT:a. Government cannot be directly controlled by the people.b. Government is a contract between the ruler and the ruled.c. People agree to limit their rights by establishing government.d. All people are born with natural rights to life, liberty, and property.

3. Under what provision did William and Mary take the English throne?