CRIMINOLOGY IN THE FUTURE

By: Candace Gallegos, Brian Wetjen, (Mimi) Carole Harvill, Jesse Palmer, Michelle Majette

Outline

• Predictive Policing• Biometrics• DNA• Future Problems• Cybercrimes

Predictive policing

• Hot spots – crime mapping

• DATA

• Geographic

• Man power

Biometrics

• Face

• Voice

• Fingerprints

• DNA

Deoxyribonucleic (DNA)

DNA---interrogation that uses an actual fragment of a human being to obtain highly personal

information

Familial DNA search does not substantiate probable cause---yields unreasonable search and seizure

There is a fine line between true justice and inalienable rights

An ISP owns digital data stored in the maintains records of consumer information; traffic, content data, email, text messaging, and mobile phone usage.

There is a fine line between true justice and inalienable rights

Cybercrime---digital tracking of personal information

Predictive Policing---identifying probable crime

The probable area is a suspicious area; therefore an individual in this location is, by default, under suspicion.

There is a fine line between true justice and inalienable rights

What & Where is DNA?

DNA is a grouping of biological organisms that are passed from adults to their off-springs.

DNA is found inside a special cell called the nucleus and is in a very small package called a chromosome.

The Path of DNA?

The German biochemist Frederich Miescher first observed DNA in the late 1800s.

DNA analysis was introduced into policing in 1986 when officers in central England use it to solve the sexual assault case of two young girls.

The Path of DNA?

The German biochemist Frederich Miescher first observed DNA in the late 1800s.

DNA analysis was introduced into policing in 1986 when officers in central England use it to solve the sexual assault case of two young girls.

How does DNA work in Policing?

• Forensic Scientist scan 13 DNA regions (loci) that vary from person to person and use it to create a DNA profile.

• This process called DNA fingerprinting is then used to test the samples that have been collected from a crime scene or victim.

• Other ways that DNA is used are:

• Exonerate a suspect.• Identify victims in a

catastrophe.• Establish Paternity.• Identify endangered

species.• Match organ donors.• Authenticate consumables

such as caviar and wine.

The future of & problems with DNA

FUTURE• In the future scientists

and criminalists are wanting to retrieve DNA samples at from a person at birth and store it for future.

• Combine DNA from all countries into one main database.

PROBLEMS• The public’s interest

in the violation of their privacy.

• People are not wanting to have their DNA information stored and it may or may not be used.

IMPLEMENTING CYBERCRIME SPYWARE

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CYBERCRIME

• DEFINITION– Any crimes that involve the use of computers or

the manipulation of digital data as well as any violation of a federal or state cyber crime statute.

• EXAMPLE OF CYBERCRIMES– Phishing– Hacking

CYBERCRIME

• CRIME-FIGHTING METHODOLOGIES– FBI cybercrime spyware program: Computer and

Internet Protocol Address Verifier• In existence since 2004 but went public in 2007• Used to track the source of e-mail bomb threats against

Timberline High School in Washington State• Where able to catch and convict the subject based on

evidence obtained with the CIPAV

CONCLUSION

QUESTIONS

BibliographyFerguson, A. G. (2011, November 28). “Predictive Policing” and the Fourth Amendment.

Retrieved from American Criminal Law Review: http://www.americancriminallawreview.com/Drupal/blogs/blog-entry/%E2%80%9Cpredictive-policing%E2%80%9D-and-fourth-amendment-11-28-2011

Risher, M. T. (2012, April 26). “Utilizing DNA Technology to Solve Cold Cases Act of 2011”. Retrieved from American Civil Liberties Union: http://www.aclu.org/files/assets/aclu_testimony_on_familal_searching_2012_04_24.pdf

Risling, G. (2012, July 1). 'Predictive Policing' Technology Lowers Crime In Los Angeles. Retrieved from Huffington Post: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/01/predictive-policing-technology-los-angeles_n_1641276.html

Rodriguez, K. (2011, August 25). Dangerous Cybercrime Treaty Pushes Surveillance and Secrecy Worldwide . Retrieved from Electronic Frontier Foundation: https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2011/08/cybercrime-treaty-pushes-surveillance-secrecy-worldwide

Scientific American. (2011, November 22). Stop the Genetic Dragnet. Retrieved from Scientific American: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=stop-the-genetic-dragnet

CYBERCRIME

• REFERENCESBegun, D. (2009). FBI Uses Spyware to Capture Cyber Criminals. Retreived 13:30, Oct 26,

20012, from Hot Hardware: www.hothardware.com/news/FBI.

Schmalleger, F. (2012). Criminology today: An integrative introduction. (6th ed.). Upper

Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Chapter 13, pages 371, 373, and 374.